UZinaida Serebryakov: Biography nesithombe

UZinaida Serebryakova - umculi isiRashiya, eyaduma ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, sakhe self-portrait, uye waphila isikhathi eside futhi engenakulibaleka, okuningi kwakho okubangelwa baya ekudingisweni e-Paris. Manje, ngemva amakhulu Tretyakov Igalari embukisweni umsebenzi wakhe, ngifuna ukuba akhumbule ini futhi ukukhuluma ngempilo yakhe iqinile, izikhathi ezinhle nezimbi phakathi isiphetho umndeni wakhe.

UZinaida Serebryakov: Biography, impumelelo kuqala imidwebo

Wazalelwa 1884 emkhayeni odumile kwezobuciko Benoit-Lancer, okuyinto idume ezizukulwane eziningana Okugweda, abadwebi bamapulani futhi abaqambi. ebuntwaneni sasetshenziswa esimweni emangalisayo zokudala kwesiyingi emkhayeni omkhulu, azungeze wakhe ngesisa nokunakekela.

Umndeni wawuhlala Petersburg, futhi ehlobo njalo iyiswe izindlu Neskuchnoye eduze laseKharkov. Painting UZinaida Evgenevna Serebryakova wafunda ngasese ekuqaleni ngesikhathi Princess Tenishcheva Petersburg ke portrait O. Braz. Kamuva, waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe eFrance nase-Italy.

Lapho ebuya Paris, umculi engena umphakathi "Umhlaba Art" ihlanganisa abaculi bangaleso sikhathi, kamuva ngokuthi Silver Age. Impumelelo wokuqala beza kuye ngo-1910, kulandela ukutshengisa yakhe self-portrait "Ukuze ethoyilethi" (1909), ngokushesha wathenga P. Tretyakov ngoba igalari.

Umdwebo sikhombisa Intombazane enhle oma phambi kwesibuko, ukwenza ethoyilethi ekuseni. Amehlo akhe bheka ngomusa ohlangothini umbukeli eceleni etafuleni isisekelo abesifazane inhlebo: amabhodlela amakha, ubucwebe ibhokisi, umgexo, kuwufanele i ikhandlela ezingenagesi. Kulesi umsebenzi, ubuso umculi futhi amehlo namanje egcwele intsha kwenjabulo ilanga elikhanyayo baveze ngokomzwelo sengqondo ngokuphila-evuma.

Umshado nezingane

Nge loyo wayechitha ebuntwaneni kuya enkathini yokuthomba, ukuxhumana njalo futhi Neskuchnii, futhi Petersburg nomkhaya wakhe Serebryakov izihlobo. Boris Serebryakov lolu daba umzala wakhe, babethanda nomunye ebuntwaneni futhi aphuphe ngaye oshadayo. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kusebenze isikhathi eside ngenxa ukungavumelani esontweni imishado ahlobene eduze. Kwakungenxa nje ngo-1905, ngemva isivumelwano umpristi wendawo (ruble 300) izihlobo bakwazi ukuba ngibanike lomshado.

Okuthandayo abasanda kushada abangu kuhlehlisiwe ngokuphelele: Boris yayilungiselela ukuba ngama-engineer ka ojantshi, ngangithanda ingozi, abanye baze baya ukuzijayeza e Manchuria phakathi nempi Russian-Japanese, futhi UZinaida Serebryakova asithandayo imidwebo. Kodwa awazange ithenda kakhulu futhi enamandla uthando ubuhlobo, ukwenza amalungiselelo lokuphila kwesikhathi esizayo ndawonye.

ukuphila kwabo ndawonye saqala uhambo Paris ubude ngonyaka, lapho umculi waqhubeka ukufunda Umdwebo at the Academy de la Grande Chaumiere futhi Boris wafunda Graduate School of amabhuloho nemigwaqo.

Ukubuyela Neskuchnoye, umculi ngenkuthalo abasebenza namathafa ekumeni, futhi Boris uyaqhubeka efundelwa e-Institute of Communications, wafike wahlanganyela izindlu. Babefanele zingane ezine-pogodok: zokuqala, amadodana amabili, namadodakazi amabili ke. Phakathi nale minyaka, izingane zakhe abazinikele imisebenzi eminingi ebonisa injabulo umama kanye esakhula izingane.

Umdwebo Famous "Ngesikhathi sokudla kwasekuseni," okubonisa idili umndeni endlini, lapho isela lihlala khona uthando nenjabulo, okubonisa izingane etafuleni, ezizungezile inhlebo yasekhaya. Umdwebi wabhala ekumeni, yena nomyeni wakhe, imidwebo ukuphila kwezomnotho Neskuchnii ugwala ongumlimi bendawo emisebenzini "mhlophe ngendwangu", "Ukuvuna", nabanye. Abantu bakule ndawo kakhulu othanda Serebryakov umndeni, ngenxa ikhono lakhe ukuba balime futhi ujabule + ngakho kuze ezokwazi ukuthwebula kahle isithombe umculi.

Revolution nendlala

Izenzakalo-mbuso ka-1917, weza Neskuchnyi, ngokuletha umlilo futhi inhlekelele. Serebryakov kaZuma wokushiswa "fighters inguquko," kodwa umculi yena nabantwana yakwazi ukuhamba kuzo ke ngosizo abalimi bendawo, ngubani ngimexwayisa ngisho wakhala a amasaka ambalwa kakolweni kanye izaqathe. Serebryakovs kuhanjiswe ku laseKharkov kuya ugogo. Boris kulezi izinyanga wayesebenza njengendlela lobuchwepheshe emigwaqweni lokuqala eSiberia ke eMoscow.

Awutholi izindaba elalivela kumyeni wakhe, ukhathazeke kakhulu ngaye, UZinaida Serebryakov uya bayomfuna, beshiya izingane kunina. Nokho, ngemva baphinda bahlangana endleleni Boris kwase izinkontileka typhus futhi wafa izingalo umkakhe ngothando. UZinaida wasala yedwa 4 abantwana nomama osekhulile laseKharkov elambile. Usebenza itoho ngazo kulo mnyuziyamu bemivubukulo, enza imidwebo of Skulls nezakudala nemali ukuthenga ukudla izingane.

Ebanga Usizi "iNdlu Amakhadi"

Painting "iNdlu Amakhadi" UZinaida Serebryakova kwakulotshwe ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemva kokufa komyeni wakhe, uBoris, lapho umculi wahlala esandleni emlonyeni nezingane umama wabo laseKharkov, wazala ebanga usizi kunazo zonke phakathi imisebenzi yakhe. kakhulu Isihloko Umdwebo Serebryakov beqonda njengesingathekiso lapho bebhekisela ukuphila kwakhe.

Kwakuthinta ibhecwe upende uwoyela, okwakukhona kulo zakamuva esikhathini kusukela zonke kwemali esetshenziswe ke, ukuba afele umndeni endlaleni. Life zigoqiwe ifana nendlu eyakhiwe ngamakhadi okudlala. Futhi phambi umculi akanayo amathemba empilweni yendalo futhi siqu, into esemqoka ngesikhathi kwaba - ukulondoloza sondle izingane zabo.

Ukuphila Petrograd

Ngo laseKharkov, kwakungekho imali, ayikho imiyalo umsebenzi for Umdwebo ngakho umculi enquma ukuhambisa umkhaya ukuba Petrograd, seduzane nomndeni Impucuko. Samenyelwa ukuthi asebenze Petrograd umnyango iminyuziyamu onguprofesa Academy of Fine Arts, futhi ngo-December 1920, wonke umndeni uye wahlala Petrograd. Nokho, ekufundiseni, wenqaba ukusebenza studio wakhe.

Serebryakov zaveza ekumeni, imibono ka Tsarskoye Selo futhi Gatchina. Nokho, amathemba akhe impilo engcono akusilo iqiniso: enhloko-dolobha enyakatho wayebuye indlala, saba nengxenye, ngisho peels amazambane.

amakhasimende ezingavamile UZinaida wasiza ukuze ondle futhi bakhulise izingane, indodakazi uTania waqala ukutadisha nobuciko bokusina ngesikhathi Mariinsky Theatre. Indlu kubo njalo ukuza ballerina abasha ophakamise for umculi. Ngakho uchungechunge ballet imidwebo kanye nokusungulwa zadalwa, elibonisa sylphs abasha ballerina bagqoke up ngokuya esigabeni in the play.

Ngo-1924, iqala ukuvuselelwa umsebenzi embukisweni. imidwebo eziningana Zinaidy Serebryakovoy embukisweni yobuciko Russian zadayiswa Melika. Ngemva kokuthola imali, unquma ukuhamba isikhashana e-Paris, ukuthola imali ukuze kugcinwe abomndeni wakhe.

Paris. esekudingisweni

Nokho, beshiya izingane ugogo wabo Petrograd, Serebryakov ifika Paris ngo-September 1924, ukuphila yokudala yaba isehluleki lapha: Okokuqala kwaba workshop ethu, ama-oda elincane, imali ekwazile incane kakhulu imali esiyitholayo, nalabo ithumela eRussia umndeni wakhe.

Ngo Biography of the umculi UZinaida Serebryakova ukuphila e-Paris wazibonakalisa senguquko, ngemva kwalokho wayengakaze ngakwazi ukubuyela ekhaya, futhi izingane zakhe ezimbili, ayibone iminyaka engu-36 kuphela kamuva, ngaphambi nje kokushona kwakhe.

Isikhathi bhá zokuphila kwakhe eFrance - lapha kufika lapho indodakazi yakhe ithola Kate, futhi ndawonye baqhubeka wavakashela amadolobha amancane France naseSwitzerland, enza imidwebo, namathafa, ekumeni of abalimi bendawo (1926).

Uhambo oluya Morocco

Ngo-1928, ngemva kokubhala uchungechunge ekumeni ngokuba usomabhizinisi Belgian, umina UZinaida noCatherine Serebryakovs uhambo ukuze Morocco. Ehlaselwa ubuhle East, Serebryakov kwenza uchungechunge izifundo kanye nomsebenzi, ukudweba ezitaladini empumalanga kanye bendawo.

Emuva e-Paris, yena ulungiselela umbukiso "Moroccan" umsebenzi, lokuqoqa lenqwaba Izibuyekezo nomdlandla, kodwa akakwazanga ukwenza lutho. Zonke abangane bakho ziye zaphawula impracticality yayo kanye nokungakwazi ukuthengisa umsebenzi wabo.

Ngo-1932, UZinaida Serebryakova kabusha uvakasha Morocco, ukwenza ngokuphindaphindiwe imidwebo kanye namathafa. Phakathi nale minyaka, kwaba bakhonile kuphunyula kuyo indodana ka-Aleksandru, nabo baba nokudweba. Ubizwa benza umsebenzi zokuhlobisa, Interiors ahlotshiswe futhi silwenza ngokwezifiso lampshades.

Izingane zakhe ezimbili, wafika e-Paris, amsize imali bebhunga emisebenzini ehlukahlukene kwezobuciko futhi zokuhlobisa.

Izingane eRussia

Izingane ezimbili ezizalwa umculi Eugene Tatiana, washiya eRussia nogogo wakhe, babempofu kakhulu futhi elambile. efulethini wazo wawudlula ohlangene, futhi athatha igumbi elilodwa kuphela, okuyinto kwadingeka sishiswa ngokuzimela.

Ngo-1933, umama wakhe E. N. Lansere wafa, akakwazanga ukumelana indlala nasekusweleni, izingane wahlala ngokwabo. Baye bawaqonda futhi baye bakhetha njengoba ubuchwepheshe yokudala: Jack waba umklami, futhi Tatiana - umculi ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Kancane kancane anikela ngokuphila kwawo, waqala imikhaya, kodwa kwase kuyiminyaka eminingi waphupha ukuhlangabezana nonina, alokhu eqondisa ukuxhumana naye.

Ngo-1930 uhulumeni wamaSoviet wamcela ukuba abuyele ekhaya, kodwa leyo minyaka Serebryakov abasebenze ikhomishini yangasese Belgium, bese seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Ngemva kwempi, wagula kakhulu futhi akazange alinge ukuhambisa.

Kuphela 1960, Tatyana wakwazi ukuza Paris ukubona umama wakhe, eminyakeni engu-36 ngemva ngokuhlukana.

Serebrya libonisa eRussia

Ngo-1965, uma kuncibilika iqhwa eSoviet Union wathatha kuphela esaphila embukisweni siqu UZinaida Serebryakova eMoscow, bese waya e Kiev, naseLeningrad. Umculi ngesikhathi eneminyaka engu-80 ubudala futhi ukuza ngoba asikwazanga isimo sempilo, kodwa kwaba kakhulu ujabule zikhunjulwe ngoba ekhaya.

Lo mbukiso owawuse kwaba nemiphumela emihle kakhulu, ekhumbuza wonke umuntu umdwebi omkhulu ukhohliwe bezilokhu enikelwe art classical. Serebryakov ukwaze, naphezu kwakho konke kweminyaka yawo-engxenyeni yokuqala ka c 20., Ukuze uthole isitayela sakho siqu. Ngaleyo minyaka e impressionism eYurophu lalilawula, ubuciko Deco, abstract nezinye imisinga.

Izingane zakhe, owayehlala naye eFrance, naye wahlala ethembekile kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila, kulungisile ukuphila kwakhe nokusiza ngezimali. Abazange alethwe nemindeni yabo futhi wahlala naye kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe eneminyaka engu-82, ngemva kwalokho ihlelwe nemibukiso yayo.

Z. Serebryakov wangcwatshwa 1967 emathuneni Saint Genevieve de Bois Paris.

Lo mbukiso e 2017

UZinaida Serebryakova embukisweni ku Tretyakov Igalari - kwekulu zokugcina ezingu-30 eminyakeni (imidwebo 200 kanye nemidwebo), elalinikezelwe iminyaka engu-50 ukufa umdwebi sika, esiqala ngo-Ephreli kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-July 2017

zokuhlola Langaphambilini yomsebenzi wakhe owawuse ngo-1986, kwathiwa wabe eseya lapho abanye amaphrojekthi, eyabonisa umsebenzi wakhe Russian Museum Petersburg ngo nemibukiso encane yangasese.

Ngalesi sikhathi, curators kwesisekelo French Fondation Serebriakoff eqoqwe semali umsebenzi ukwenza embukisweni grand ukuthi ngesikhathi sasehlobo 2017 izoshicilelwa ku 2 izibuya igalari Engineering Corps.

Zokuhlola ivuliwe sengithi ngokuvumela umbukeli ukubona ohlukile okudala umculi UZinaida Serebryakova, kusukela ekumeni ekuseni nangemisebenzi yokuphulukisa abadansi ballet we Mariinsky Theatre, okuyinto enziwa eRussia 20s. Zonke imidwebo yakhe kukhona emotionality nokungapheleli esakuzuza lyricism, umuzwa omuhle ngokuphila. Ehholo ahlukene abasebenza ngemifanekiso yezingane zakhe.

Esitezi esilandelayo iqukethe imisebenzi wadala Paris esekudingisweni, phakathi kwabo:

• panel Belgian, oklanywe ngokukhethekile Baron de Brouwer (1937-1937), oke babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli efile ngesikhathi sempi;
• imidwebo Moroccan futhi imidwebo, ebhalwe ngo-1928 futhi ngo-1932.
• ekumeni zabantu abasuka Russian, okuyinto zalotshwa Paris;
• namathafa nezemvelo eFrance, eSpain kanye nabanye.

Afterword

Zonke izingane UZinaida Serebryakova baqhubeka namasiko creative futhi baba abaculi kanye abaklami usebenza izinhlobo ezehlukene. indodakazi Serebryakova omncane - Catherine waphila isikhathi eside, ngemva kokufa unina, imatasa nemisebenzi embukisweni kanye umsebenzi isisekelo Fondation Serebriakoff, ushone eneminyaka engu iminyaka 101 e-Paris.

UZinaida Serebryakova yayizimisele amasiko yobuciko classical futhi uye wathola isitayela sakhe yokudweba, okubonisa injabulo nethemba, ukholo Uthando namandla lokusungula, lathumba izikhathi eziningi ezinhle zokuphila kwakhe kanye nemvelo.