Uyazi ukuthi i-Inthanethi isebenza kanjani?

I-Internet isebenza kanjani? Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: i-intanethi yazalwa kuphela ngesikhathi seMpi Yomshoshaphansi njengephrojekthi yenhlangano yokucwaninga yempi yaseMelika ebizwa nge-ARPA. Abathuthukisi babenelungelo loku: ngandlela-thile ukuxhuma amakhompiyutha ezempi ngomunye nomunye ukuze inethiwekhi iqhubeke nomsebenzi wayo oqondile ngisho nalapho kwenzeka ukuqubuka kwempi yenuzi noma ukuphazanyiswa kwezikhungo eziningi zokuxhumana. I-topology ebizwa ngokuthi "inkanyezi" yalahlwa masinyane, kungenzeka ukwakha inethiwekhi, kodwa uma i-node ephakathi yayizophazanyiswa, ukuxhumeka kuzolahleka futhi inethiwekhi izoyeka ukusebenza. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuxhuma ikhompuyutha ngayinye ngokusebenzisa imigqa ehlukene, ngoba izinsiza eziningi kuzodingeka zisetshenziswe.

Abacwaningi bachitha isikhathi esiningi, kodwa basakwazi ukuthola isisombululo esihle kule nkinga. Yilokho abakwenzayo: baxhuma amakhompyutha kunethiwekhi futhi baxhumeke komunye nomunye ngeziteshi eziningana zokuxhumana. Kulesi simo, ulwazi ludluliselwa phezu kwenethiwekhi ngamaphakethe (okungukuthi, izingxenye) phakathi kwama-node akhethiwe. Elinye iphakethe elinalo lonke ulwazi mayelana nokuya khona futhi lihambela ngqo kwelitshe ngenye i-node, ngenkathi ithola indlela emfushane kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi isiteshi sokuxhumana esinikeze umzila omfushane sikhutshaziwe noma singasebenzi, ulwazi luhambisane nendlela ehlukile, ede kakhulu kodwa esebenzayo eyasebenza kahle. Kodwa inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu kule modeli ukuthi ayikho isikhungo sokulawula, ngakho-ke kwakunzima kakhulu futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukukhubaza yonke uhlelo. Uma othile ebuza ukuthi i-intanethi ihlelwe kanjani, ke iphephile ukuphendula - njengewebhu.

Ngemva kwesikhashana, amanyuvesi aseMelika ayexhunywe kwinethiwekhi enjalo, ngaleso sikhathi eyayingene ocwaningweni kwezobuchwepheshe bokuzivikela, izinhlangano emazweni ahlangene, ezilandelwa izinhlangano ezehlukene zokuhweba. Intanethi ye-Broadband inqobile umhlaba wonke ngokulula nokulula kokwaziswa kolwazi.

Kungenxa yokwabiwa kwemvelo kwesakhiwo saso kanye nokungabi khona kwesikhungo esiyinhloko sokulawula "iwebhu" ukuthi i-intanethi emhlabeni wonke isiye saziwa kakhulu. Okwamanje asikho izwe elithuthukile elingasebenzisi zonke izinzuzo zalo, kodwa uma kunesici esithile esiyinhloko kulesi simiso, akekho ozoba nesithakazelo kulowo msebenzi.

Phela, uma uhlaziya: yiyiphi inhlangano ezoba nenethiwekhi yangaphakathi yekhompuyutha, uma abancintisana bengadingi ukuthola ukuthi i-intanethi ihlelwe kanjani, thola ikhonsoli enkulu ukuqeda konke nokuyikhubaza. Kulesi simo, ibhizinisi lingalimaza ukuyeka ukukhiqiza nokuphazamisa isikhathi, futhi esimweni esibucayi kakhulu, ukuvuza kolwazi oluyimfihlo.

Isibonelo esicacile sokuqina kwewebhu lamanje le-intanethi: ngesikhathi sokulwa kwe-United States ngokumelene ne-Iraq, i-United States yazama ukukhubaza noma yokuvimbela ukufinyelela kwi-intanethi ye-Iraqis. Waba yini umphumela walokhu? Akukho lutho. Nakuba imizimba eqondisa umsebenzi wenethiwekhi yonke ikhona eMelika.

Inzuzo elandelayo ye-Intanethi yizindleko. Umsebenzi wenethiwekhi unikezwa ubuchwepheshe bamuva, okunikeza ukwehla kwalesi sevisi emazweni amaningi emhlabeni.

I-intanethi ingabizwa ngokuthi yenziwe ngokungahleliwe, okwakungenzelwe ukusetshenziswa komphakathi kuwo wonke amaqembu omphakathi emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuthandwa kwayo, kuye kwathola lula, ukulingana kanye nendlela i-Inthanethi ehlelwe ngayo: ayikho isikhungo sokuphatha zonke izinqubo - azikho izinkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaningi, lapho beya eholidini, bayaqiniseka ukuthi banokufinyelela kwe-intanethi ehhotela ukuze baxhumane nezihlobo zabo nabangane.