Umqambi Glinka MI:. Lokusungula kanye biography

umqambi Russian Glinka washiya uphawu abalulekile emhlabeni umculo, esabangela lokhu ehlukile esikoleni Russian ukwakheka. Uma ucabangela ukuphila kwayo esikhundleni eziningi: lokusungula, ukuthatha uhambo, injabulo kanye nobunzima, kodwa kwempahla yayo esemqoka - umculo.

Umkhaya kanye Childhood

Okwazalelwa kuyo umqambi oluvelele Glinka esifundazweni Smolensk Meyi 20, 1804, edolobhaneni Novospassky. Uyise, ukaputeni, osethathe umhlalaphansi, kwadingeka eshisiwe eyanele yokuphila ngokunethezeka. Glinka sika ukhokho kwaba Pole ngokuzalwa, e-1654, lapho sekudlule eRussia emazweni Smolensk, wathola yisakhamuzi isiRashiya, lapho aguqulwa kuya-Orthodox futhi baqala ukuhlala impilo zomninindawo Russian. Ingane ngokushesha inikezwe unakekelwe ugogo owavusa umzukulu wakhe in the isiko sikhathi wamgcina egumbini stuffy, akazange zikhule ngokomzimba, zakarmlivala amaswidi. Konke lokhu nethonya elibi impilo uMichael. Wakhulela ubuhlungu, enolaka futhi effeminate, yena kamuva owabizwa ngokuthi "mimosa".

Glinka cishe angesabi bafunda ukuzifundela ngemva kokuba umpristi wambonisa incwadi. Kusukela esemncane wabonisa isiphiwo somculo, wafunda imicengezi ethusi ukuze belingisa umsindo izinsimbi futhi ahlabelele izingoma nomntwana. iminyaka eyisithupha kuphela, wabuyela abazali bakhe, ngaleso sikhatsi bafundza bacala bahlanganyele akhuliswa ngayo nemfundo. Kuye ukumema umphathi, okuyinto ngaphezu izifundo jikelele bamfundisa ukudlala upiyano, futhi kamuva wayesamile inkositini violin. Ngalesi sikhathi, umfana ofunda eziningi, othanda izincwadi mayelana travel ke lobu bumnandi liphenduka uthando ukushintsha izindawo, okuzokwenza ngumnikazi Glinka ukuphila. Wabuye udonsa kancane, kodwa umculo kuthatha yindawo enhliziyweni yakhe. Boy eqenjini lomculo serf ifunda imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi, wahlangana zomculo.

kweminyaka eminingi yocwaningo

Ngahlala edolobhaneni Mikhail Glinka isikhathi eside. Lapho eneminyaka engu-13, abazali bakhe bahamba naye kuze kube muva nje uvele Petersburg boarding school at the Pedagogical Institute. Funda lo mfana cha ezithakazelisa kakhulu, njengoba ingxenye enkulu ohlelweni wayekade yingcweti kakade ekhaya. umfundisi Wayengowesizukulwane wangaphambili Decembrist V K. Kyuhelbeker kanye nengane efunda nayo esikoleni - umzalwane A. S. Pushkina, nabo Michael beqala ukuhlangana ngaleso sikhathi, futhi kamuva waba enobungane.

Eminyakeni pansionerskie ke converges nge Prince Golitsyn, S. Sobolewski, Rimsky-Korsakov, N. Melgunov. Phakathi nale nkathi, it is kakhulu ekwandiseni khathizwe yayo zomculo, ujwayelene opera, ngokuvakashela amakhonsathi eziningi, kanye amadili nge abaculi abaziwayo wesikhathi - Bem and Field sika. Yena PHELELISA upiyano ukudlala yakhe amasu futhi wathola izifundo zakhe kuqala ubhala umsebenzi.

wopiyano odumile S. Mayer wasebenza Michael ku 20s, iyifundisa umsebenzi umqambi, amalungelo opus wakhe wokuqala, enikeza izinto eziyisisekelo ukusebenza neqembu lomculo wezinsimbi. On the yokugcina kusihlwa Glinka yezivakashi ibhangqwe Mayer kudlalwa ekhonsathini Hummel, ebabonisa amakhono abo emphakathini. Umqambi Mikhail Glinka iziqu ukusebenza yesibili indlu isivakashi samukelwa ngo 1822, kodwa isifiso sokufunda nakho.

Umuzwa wokuqala lokubhala

Ngemva kokuphothula endlini isivakashi, umqambi Glinka ekujaheni ukufuna umsebenzi, isimo esihle sezimali wakuvumela kuye. Ubaba akazange ugijimele kukhethwa umsebenzi indodana yakhe endaweni, kodwa akazange acabange ukuthi konke ukuphila kwakhe Uyobizwa ekwenzeni umculo. Umqambi Glinka, umculo okuyiwona iba ezibalulekile ekuphileni, ngikutholile ithuba ukuya emanzini eCaucasus ngenxa yokulungiswa ezempilo phesheya. Akenzi ukushiya izifundo umculo, ukutadisha ifa Western Europe futhi uqamba izisusa entsha, iba isidingo njalo kwangaphakathi ngoba.

Esikhathini 20s Glinka wabhala ingoma edumile "Musa ukulinga kwami ngokungadingekile" emavesini Baratynsky, "Musa ukucula, ubuhle bami, nami" embhalweni Pushkin. Ukuvela nangemisebenzi yakhe wezinsimbi: Adagio kanye Rondo for orchestra, string septet.

Ezweni

Ngo-1824, umqambi M. I. Glinka esima, ekubeni umsizi uNobhala eHhovisi nokuxhumana. Kodwa inkonzo ongazange asebenze, futhi ngo-1828 wesula. Ngalesi sikhathi, Glinka Uthola inombolo enkulu abangane, ukukhuluma Alexander Griboyedov, A. Mickiewicz, A. Delwig, Odoyevsky V, V. Zhukovsky. Iyaqhubeka umculo, uhlanganyela kusihlwa zomculo ekhaya Demidova, wabhala eziningi zezingoma zothando, izinkinga nge Pavlishchev "albhamu Lyrical", lapho imisebenzi abalobi ezahlukene baye baqoqa lakhe.

isipiliyoni angaphandle

Okuhambayo kwaba ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni Mikhail Glinka. Big uhambo lokuqala kwezilwandle wenza ukuthi ngemva kokukhululwa kwe endlini boarding.

Ngo 1830 Glinka waya uhambo omkhulu e-Italy, okuyinto yahlakazeka iminyaka 4. Injongo ngokuthi sithathe lolu hambo ekwelashweni, kodwa akazange ulethe yi efanele, kanye umculi awenzi naso, njalo kokuphazamisa izifundo okwelashwa, odokotela nokushintsha edolobheni. E-Italy, ehlangana Karl Briullov, nge bomculo esivelele isikhathi: Berlioz, Mendelssohn, Bellini, Donizetti. Ehlatshwe umxhwele mihlangano Glinka wabhala ekamelweni imisebenzi nge bomculo angaphandle kwi indaba ephathwayo. Ubelokhu phesheya nabafundisi engcono, ekuthuthukiseni amasu ukusebenza, umculo theory izifundo. Ubheka wengqikithi lwakhe oluqinile ubuciko, nokuthi ngaye ekubeni ekhaya, yena ukhuthaza kuye ukubhala imisebenzi sina. Glinka kudala "Russian Symphony" futhi ubhala ukuhlukahluka ezingomeni Russian, okuyinto bese ufaka eminye imisebenzi ezinkulu.

Elikhulu umsebenzi compositional: M. Glinka

Ngo-1834, ubaba Mikhail wafa, uyathola bazimele ngokwezimali bese uqala ukubhala umdlalo we-opera. Ngisho phesheya Glinka waqaphela ukuthi lo msebenzi wakhe - ukubhala ngesiRashiya, kwaba umfutho ukuze kwakhiwe i opera okusekelwe ekwazisweni kazwelonke. Ngalesi sikhathi-ke likhona emibuthanweni etemibhalo Petersburg, lapho kwakukhona Aksakov, Zhukovsky, Shevyrev Pogodin. Wonke umuntu ukhuluma ngokuthi opera Russian ebhaliwe Verstovsky lesi sibonelo uphefumulela Glinka, futhi kuthathwa ngokuthi imidwebo for the opera phezu zokuthumela Zhukovsky "Marina Grove". Loluhlelo kwakungamelwe igcwaliseke, kodwa kwaba ukuqala umsebenzi opera "Ukuphila ngokuba Tsar" ngale ndaba, zishukunyiswa Zhukovsky, esekelwe nganekwane Ivan Susanin. Umqambi omkhulu Glinka ehlela umlando umculo ngokufana ncamashí umbhali yalo msebenzi. Kuyo, wabeka isisekelo Russian opera esikoleni.

Kudlalwé senzeke ngo-November 27, 1836, kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu. Futhi umphakathi, futhi baxgeki wathatha Ukwakheka sisihle kakhulu. Ngemva kwalokho Glinka Ufika babelwe umqhubi Court Chapel, futhi ngaba umculi okhokhelwayo. Impumelelo waphefumulela umqambi, futhi uqala ukusebenza opera entsha ku inkondlo Pushkin sika "Ruslan futhi ULyudmila". Wayefuna ukubhala Libretto imbongi, kodwa ukufa kwakhe kungakabi yisikhathi uvinjelwe ukugcwaliseka kwalezi zinhlelo. Encwadini yakhe ethi njengoba umqambi Glinka ubonisa ithalenta ovuthiwe yokuhlabelela aphakeme. Kodwa "Ruslan futhi ULyudmila" kwavunyelwana cool ezingaphezu kuka opera kuqala. Kuyangikhathaza kakhulu Glinka, futhi ayesezohamba phesheya futhi. ifa Opera umqambi sika incane, kodwa waba nethonya juqu on ukuthuthukisa isikole kazwelonke ukwakheka, futhi namanje, le misebenzi bayisibonelo ecacile umculo Russian.

umculo Symphonic ka Glinka

Ukuthuthukiswa kazwelonke indaba ephathwayo kubonakala umculo Symphonic lembhali. Umqambi Glinka kudala inqwaba ubunjalo yokulinga ngemisebenzi, ekhathazeka ngokweqile ngokubukeka ekutholeni indlela entsha. Emibhalweni yakhe, iqhawe lethu Uzibonakalisa njengoba romantic melodist. Imisebenzi Glinka umqambi ekuthuthukiseni izinhlobo e umculo Russian njengoba abantu uhlobo, lyric nemdlalo yeqhawe. Into ebaluleke kakhulu imisebenzi yakhe mikhulu kangakanani le ibika "Ebusuku e Madrid" futhi "Aragon Jota", Symphonic fantasy "Kamarinskaya".

Izingoma futhi Romances

Portrait of Glinka (Umqambi) kuyohlale kuntula uma ngingenaye Ukhulumé songwriting yakhe. Kikho koke ukuphila kwakhe wabhala zothando nezingoma ukuthi babe adume kakade phakathi nokuphila kwakhe. Zonke ebhala imisebenzi engaba ngu-60 vocal, okuyiqembu enhle kakhulu yilezi: "Ngiyakhumbula isikhashana emangalisayo", "Ukuhlonishwa", "Associated Iculo" kanti nabanye abaningi abase namuhla ayingxenye repertoire classical labahlabeleli.

yobumfihlo

Ngasese umqambi Glinka wayengekho lucky. Washada nentombi enhle, Ivanovoy Mare Petrovne ngo-1835, benethemba lokuthola kulo umoya lezihlotsheni futhi enhliziyweni enothando. Kodwa ngokushesha okukhulu, uquqaba lwezingelosi ukungavumelani phakathi kwendoda nomkayo. Wayengumngane ukuphila olunesivunguvungu kwezenhlalo, ukuchitha imali eningi, kangangokuthi ngisho imali ozoyithola estate ukukhokhela imisebenzi zomculo we Glinka siswele. Waphoqwa ukuba abafundi. I azihlukanisa unomphela kwenzeka uma ngo-1840 Glinka uyawuthanda Kate Kern, indodakazi muse Pushkin sika. Yena wafaka isicelo sesehlukaniso ngalesi sikhathi kubonakala sengathi umkakhe washada Cornet Vasilchikova ngasese. Kodwa ukuhlala ngokwahlukana imisiwe iminyaka 5. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, Glinka wadabula bazikhandla befuna ingcebo: Kern ukhulelwe, okuyinqubo efuna ukuba izinyathelo ezinqala, yena zixhaswe wakhe balahle ingane. Kancane kancane, ubudlelwane Glow kwaphela, futhi lapho isehlukaniso safakwa ngo-1846, Glinka akazange nesifiso sokushada. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe ayihlala omunye umlutha party friendly futhi zemikhosi yokuzitika, okuyinto kuba nomthelela ongemuhle empilweni yakhe abampofu kakade. Februwari 15, 1857 e-Berlin, Glinka wafa. Kamuva, ngesicelo udadewabo izinsalela efile ziphuthunyiswe Russia futhi wangcwatshwa Tikhvin Amathuna Petersburg.