Violin Yasha Heyfets: Biography, lokusungula, umlando wokuphila futhi ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Yasha Heyfets - violin ezivela kuNkulunkulu. Shono ukuthi kubizwa. Futhi injabulo irekhodi lakhe ezinikezwe izinga efanele. Lalela le umculi abakhaliphile ukujabulela ukusebenza kwakhe Saint-Saëns, Sarasate, Tchaikovsky futhi ufunde ngokuphila kwakhe. Imemori sakhe ukuba agcinwe.

ebuntwaneni

Joseph Ruvimovich (Yasha) Heifetz wazalelwa e Vilnius, ngaphansi koMbuso Russian ngo-1901. Uyise weza kuleli dolobha evela ePoland, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emithathu baqala ukufundisa indodana yakhe ukugcina violin futhi abakhothamele. Futhi kwaba umculi self-wafundisa futhi wasebenza ingxenye isikhathi emishadweni kanye nezinye imikhosi. Ingane ibilokhu wamanga nguNkulunkulu, wamnika zonke - ukuzwa, inkumbulo zomculo, isifiso sethu sokwenza yonke nempilo. Eminyakeni emine kwathatha ukufunda umfundisi ofundisa kahle kakhulu Vilna Malkin. Eminyakeni emihlanu, kakade Yasha Heyfets ukhulumile yomphakathi, futhi kanjani! I eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kwakuphakathi isikole somculo. Ngaphambi othisha bese evakashela ingane kudlalwa "wokwelusa Fantasy" Singel. Ngenxa kid kungaba ukungena umphefumulo komkhiqizo, ukugwema amaphutha lobuchwepheshe? Njengoba ingane akesabi ukuma phambi kwezilaleli omdala ofuna izinto ngenkani esiteji? Lokhu kungenziwa kuphela ukuyichaza. Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili uye badlala ekhonsathini ngeqembu labadlali bezinsimbi zomculo Mendelssohn-Bartholdy.

Esikhathini Petersburg Conservatory

Eminyakeni ayisishiyagalolunye (!) Yasha Heyfets ngimfundela kakade ngesikhathi somculo. Imali kuthuthwa nokuqeqeshwa wanika weMajuda Vilna. Ngemva konyaka, waqale ukudlalwa eHholo we Conservatory Amancane. Ke kwabakho ukusebenza esiteshini Pavlovsk futhi uhambo e Odessa, Warsaw futhi Lodz. Eminyakeni eyishumi Yasha wabhala irekhodi lokuqala. Kwezwakala Schubert futhi Dvorak. Wabamba amakhonsathi Berlin bese ku Dresden, Hamburg futhi ePrague. Wayeneminyaka engu-nanye ubudala, futhi i-violin ngineminyaka engu-ayikakabi umuntu omdala, kodwa ngamakwata amathathu, kodwa umdlalo hit akhululeke virtuosity. Futhi nje, bonke a baxgeki waphawula ukuthi uhumusha elisebenzisekayo. Ngakho athuthukiswe Yasha Heyfets. Ukukhula amakhono ukusebenza wahamba ngokukhulu ukushesha. Ngo-1913 wayesefile kakade cishe lo mculi esungulwe, futhi imali yakhe lapho wonke umndeni. IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala wamthola eJalimane. Ngobukhulu ubunzima, wakwazi ukuba babuyele ezweni lenkaba yabo. Futhi kakade ngo-1916, lapho eneminyaka engu-tour eNorway, wamenywa ukuba Melika. Ngemva edabula eRussia Vladivostok, Heifetz umndeni ngomkhumbi Japan bese-United States.

Melika

ukubukeka kwakhe kuqala Okthoba 17, 1917 ngesikhathi Carnegie Hall lidlule impumelelo enkulu. umdlalo wayo okhazimulayo ngentshiseko savela ezihlokweni eziphambili zamaphephandaba nokugxeka. Kwakuyisenzo esasibonisa ngokuphelele lapho yimuphi violin Kwadingeka alwele, kodwa umculi esincane sasikanye kakade luhle kakhulu ngazo zonke indlela. Umsindo ithuluzi lakhe kwakuhlukile, ukukhishwa siyisinqumo esinzima kunazo zonke izindima inqubo kwaba nasici, ububanzi bawo bube imishwana namanothi Kwabonakala sengathi ziningi, umvuthwandaba wawo ngokuzumayo yamila. Waba uAshera isithixo American.

Eminyakeni emibili kamuva wayesekwazi ukuzizwela ukuthenga wakhe wokuqala Stradivarius. Kamuva, yaba nelinye violin wizadi, bese Guarneri. On kubo, wayedlala konke ukuphila kwakhe okwalandela.

Ukuzijwayeza emazweni aseMelika kwakulula. Heyfets Yasha baqala ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile, wathenga imoto, isikebhe, sidlala ibhola lomphebezo futhi babe isikhathi esincane esingakanani okufanele usichithe umculo. Lokhu ngokushesha wathinta izinga umdlalo wakhe. Kodwa le nsizwa yayingumuntu okusheshayo ulungise amaphutha. Ngidlale namanje violin Amazing. Yasha Heyfets ngo-1925 wayeseba yisakhamuzi United States.

umshado

Ngo-1929 washada. Umkayo wayesesibhedlela yaseMelika ibhayisikobho star Florence Arto. Ngo-1930, lo mbhangqwana waba indodakazi kaJosefa, ngemva kweminyaka emibili sathola - indodana Robert.

umsebenzi babuka

Eminyakeni 20-30 wahamba amakhonsathi emhlabeni wonke. 1920 - London, 21 - Australia, 22 th - Britain, 23 - East, 24 th futhi 25 th - England, 26th - Ningizimu Melika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. He cishe akwenzekanga ekhaya, abahlala amahhotela ekuhambeni kwakhe. Wayekholelwa ukuthi, njengoba bavakashelwa kabili enyangeni - ukuthi kwaba ubude imizila yayo. Ngo-1933 yena wadlala nge-orchestra le-New York Philharmonic. Futhi kwakukhona umqhubi omkhulu Arturo Toscanini. Yena wayedlala ivayolini Concerto "umProfethi?", Anikezelwe umbhali yena.

Ubudlelwano kanye lokhokho Soviet

I uju nekhono lokungacasuli, ngokucophelela izitatimende yakhe Heifetz bavunyelwe yokulondoloza ubuhlobo obuhle uhulumeni wamaSoviet. Ngo-1934, wanqamula eJalimane lobuNazi waseMoscow futhi Leningrad, futhi benqaba ukukhonza ezweni lonke, okwakuhilela isingathwe DEBUT walo futhi lapho ebuyela eminyakeni yokuqala, "Ingelosi violin." Kodwa eSoviet Union, wanikeza amakhonsathi eziyisithupha futhi wahlangana abafundi Conservatory. Nge ulwazi olujulile ikhono lakhe eliphakeme asabela ngayo lapho kubulawa baxgeki Soviet. Ubulula ngalo wakunqoba nobunzima bobuchwepheshe we 24 Paganini okudlulayo, akekho bedukiswa. Heifetz umdlalo okuthiwa siyakhazimula.

ukuphila Siqu

Ngo-1938 Heyfets Yasha yaqale ababemenyelwe nokudutshulwa ifilimu. Wayemane nje ukudlala yedwa.

Eminyakeni emibili kamuva wayesekwazi wathenga indlu imikhaya emibili. Omunye engasekude eLos Angeles, Beverly Hills, kanye nezinye - ogwini Pacific ogwini e Malibu. Khona-ke waqala ukufundisa e-University of Southern California. Kodwa umsebenzi ekhonsathini akumvimbi. Uyaqhubeka uhambo yeNingizimu Melika, yebo, phakathi nempi wakhonza kuzo zonke izibhedlela.

Ngo-1945, Heifetz ohlukanisa nomkakhe, futhi idala umkhaya omusha Francis Spiegelberg iminyaka emibili. Kulesi umshado wazalwa indodana kaJosefa. Ngo-1950 ukuthi lisuswe omunye ifilimu ngemihlangano Heifetz nge abafundi University of California.

Uhambo oluya Israyeli

Ngo-1953, iBethel e-Israel, wafaka indzaba umqambi emangalisayo, kodwa-German Richard Strauss. Wabuzwa yini ukudlala le violin sonata "undlovukayiphikiswa" umqambi. Nokho, Heyfets Yasha violin umJuda, has a nombono ohlukile, futhi akuzange kushintshe noHlelo. Kuye waqala ukuthola izincwadi nezinto ezisongela okuyinto lo violin enkulu ayizange ukulalelisisa. Ngemva omunye ubonisa ukuthi wahlaselwa ibha yensimbi insizwa. Heifetz bezama ukumgcina ekuchitheni ithuluzi eziyigugu ozithandayo, kodwa ulimele. Lokhu ziyingozi hhayi ebambekile, nakuba uphenyo kwenziwa. ngakwesokunene sakhe violin ubuhlungu, futhi wayenedumela eside engamashumi amabili akafikanga Israyeli.

E-United States

Ngonyaka ka-60, lapho umshayi wevayolini wangena, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi, e ubudala, inciphise inani babuka ukusebenza. Kodwa lokhu incephezeliswa yokuthi umculo namaculo yamafilimu, waze wabhala ingoma ethandwa yokukhanya, njengoba wayengonjani gay. Heifetz bawenza-orchestra isikhashana kule "Metropolitan Opera". Ngo-1962, lapho wahlukanisa nomkakhe kodwa osanda kushada wangafika. Iminyaka 68, wahlukana uyekile isinyathelo, ethi engasenandaba ukusebenza bukhoma futhi ngo-1972 enikelwe wazikhandla ngokugcwele ekufundiseni. Waqale wafundisa abafundi ngesikhathi amanyuvesi, kamuva, eduze engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, enikeza izifundo ngasese emzini wakhe Beverly Hills. Wayengumfundisi uhlobo, efunwa kakhulu futhi aqinile. Sokugqamisa izindaba ekhethekile sekwephuzile ngoba isifundo esevala umnyango ekhaya lakhe, futhi aphuthelwe izifundo. Wafuna kusukela abafundi lokunemba zezemfundo kanye nezingubo esisemthethweni. Amantombazane - ubuncane izimonyo nezinto zokuhloba. violin Dirty ngokuvamile azivumelekile. Ukuphulwa, wathatha izinhlawulo elafika ukusiza abantu abadinga usizo. Yena uye waqeqesha abadlali eziningi ezivelele.

studio wakhe e Kolnborskoy esikoleni ayinalutho. Isetshenziselwa ukuqhuba master emakilasini. Lezi zindonga, ukukhumbula umculi omkhulu, ugqozi abafundi abenza i-somculo.

UMnu Heifetz, njengoba ayethanda ukubizwa, ubulawe yisifo sohlangothi ngo-1987. Wafisa ukuba sebefile, bazihlakaze umlotha phezu kolwandle. Guarneri violin waphuma abadlali uyakufanelekela izodlala eSan Francisco Museum, lapho ithuluzi ngokwayo.

Lokhu kuphetha incazelo yendlela yokuphila abaculi enkulu efana Yasha Heyfets. Umlando wakhe ugcwele uhlelo lomculo, owawungumnyaka core zokuphila kwakhe.