Umlando Smolensk: ngosuku yokukhululwa Smolensk

Cishe wonke umuzi Russian has indaba yayo siqu esiyingqayizivele nobuqhawe, kodwa namuhla sizogxila Petersburg - omunye lamadolobha amadala isiRashiya, eliqhele 400 km kusuka eMoscow, ohlangothini eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Ngaphambi sifika isihloko "Suku Lwezindaba yokukhululwa Smolensk kubahlaseli amaNazi", kufanele sikhumbule kafushane indaba esemqoka kanye ezimaphakathi nedolobha Smolensk, okuyinto ocebile kakhulu izenzakalo ezahlukene.

idolobha Fortress

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala Smolensk ezitholakala Ustiug lwemilando, eyalotshwa cishe eminyakeni 862-865. Nge 882, nomuzi wawungowegolide ingxenye Kievan isimo, Prince Oleg ithumba futhi adlulisele yona wokubusa Prince Igor. Wabonakala lasendulo zomlando Umzila wezohwebo. Smolensk yayiyindawo enkulu ukuhweba kanye yezandla, okuyinto eyaba ngokuba Slavic isizwe Krivichy isikhungo nenqaba lempi.

Umbuzo kosuku yokukhululwa Smolensk kusukela amaNazi ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi lesi sithombe, udinga kancane ejwayelene kangcono naleso izenzakalo ezinkulu ezimbalwa kuleli dolobha. Kancane kancane, it is asathuthuka ngokomnotho, ekhulwini XII, wavuka ukuze sokuqondisa nezamasiko Smolensk ubukhulu. labantu kulo muzi wahola ukuhweba ethakazelisayo, kulawulwa inkontileka kusuka 1229, nezizwe aseBaltic nasengxenyeni Riga. Esikhathini kusuka eminyakeni 1404 kuya 1514, nomuzi wawungowegolide ingxenye Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Le mpi for idolobha

Ngo 1410 Smolensk emashalofini nge basePoland Lithuanian amayunithi lempi nengxenye Battle of Grunwald.

Ngo 1596-1602 GG. Smolensk esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe ngodonga lwamatshe, inqaba ezakhiwa umakhi we Smolenschiny Fedor Kon. Le nqaba futhi yaqanjwa itshe umgexo umhlaba Russian.

Phakathi ekumeleleni Smolensk, obuhlehlela kusukela eminyakeni 1609-1611., Idolobha ashaqe nabasePoland 1654, waphinde wawina Russian.

Usuku lokukhululwa of Smolensk kusukela French

Ngo umlando Smolensk kubaluleke kakhulu ukubalula ngonyaka 1812 - phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, lapho umuzi wawuyigolide ngaphansi impi united ibutho Russian of Bagration futhi Barclay de Tolly nebutho sikaNapoleon. Ukukhululwa Smolensk kusukela abanqobi French iphutha 4 Novemba, 1812. Smolensk idolobha ngalesi sikhathi yayithonywe kakhulu ezilimele.

Ekhulwini XIX kwaba idolobha zodwa ezibalulekile besitimela emihlanu, ngakho abiza edolobheni up ngokushesha kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX kwakukhona amabhizinisi yezimboni futhi commercial-20. Ngo-1929, eSt Petersburg - maphakathi esifundeni entshonalanga.

Septhemba 25 - ngosuku yokukhululwa Smolensk kusukela abahlaseli German

Lapho abahlaseli German undlovukayiphikiswa ehlasela iSoviet Union, ngemva kwesiphepho kwaphela amasonto amabili, ukuba ngqo, Julayi 10, base izindonga Smolensk.

On endaweni Smolensk esifundeni kusukela emasontweni okuqala kwempi futhi abesabekayo zenzeka impi kakhulu abanolaka, bese igama zomlando - Smolensk impi ukuzivikela. Kuyinto ukubambezeleka izinyanga ezimbili ukuqala abahlaseli German eMoscow ezimbalwa, iye yasiza inhlokodolobha ukuze ulungiselele futhi ukuhlangabezana ikhanda on isitha. Leli qiniso kuye kwaholela ekuweni uhlelo kaHitler eyesabekayo.

I -Battle of Smolensk , amabutho aseSoviet wabhubhisa ayizinkulungwane 250 amasosha nezikhulu we Wehrmacht. amabutho aseSoviet 16 th, 19 th futhi 20 Army th ekulweni kunzima kakhulu futhi olukhuni Smolensk wesifunda uzama Solovieva ibhuloho, Dukhovshchina, Yelnia Yartsev nangesibindi olwisana nokuhlasela onamandla kunayo ibutho iqembu German "Isikhungo".

Usuku lokukhululwa of Smolensk wayesekhona kude kakhulu. Julayi 16, 1941 Smolensk kwakuhlezi amaNazi ngo-July 29 - wawa Zadneprovskaya we Smolensk esifundeni.

Umsebenzi yabashokobezi

amabutho aseSoviet abakwazanga ukubamba amabutho ephakeme abaphikisi, futhi baphoqeleka ukuba lidele Smolensk. Nemizana abangu ilawulwa amaJalimane. Nokho, emizaneni yakuleyo ndawo e beyolwa nesitha eziqhutshwa 120 amayunithi engabandlululi futhi eziqhelelene.

Kamuva, amasosha acishe abe yizinkulungwane 10 nezikhulu, abashokobezi kuthi laba abangaphansi komhlaba Smolensk esifundeni ndawonye kwethulwa phambi imiklomelo, imiklomelo zokuhlonipha kanye izindondo, abantu abangu-56, baklonyeliswa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union, phakathi kwabo induna yabashokobezi iyunithi grishin SV futhi abashokobezi uPetru Galetsky uVladimir Kurylenko.

ukunqoba

Kukholakala ukuthi Septhemba 25, 1943 - usuku yokukhululwa Smolensk (izithombe sikhathi sekudlule wonke upende esabekayo ekubhujisweni nosizi nokho ngehlelwe yilokhu umhlaba wethu ezimbi). Uma imininingwane ukulandela amaqiniso angokomlando, ukukhululwa kuka-operation Smolensk ezenzeka kusukela ngo-August kuya ku-October 1943 futhi kwaba ikhodi okuthiwa "Suvorov".

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amabutho aseSoviet kwakungafanele enamandla imishini yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezisebenzi ezanele, Smolensk namanje kwaba abakhululiwe ngokuphelele isitha.

Smolensk esifundeni ngaphambi impi yayibangela esifundeni iqhakaza, ngemva kwempi edolobheni Roslavl, Gzhatsk, Vyazma, Yartsevo yaphenduka nasencithakalweni.
Esikhathini Smolensk ka 8000 izakhiwo zokuhlala 7300 ashiswa. AmaNazi bahlushwa ngonya futhi esingu ayizinkulungwane 350 izakhamuzi phakathi kwabo kuphela Smolensk wabulala 135.000.

Izingxenye Western Front, kanye 70 compounds waqanjwa zokuhlonipha "Smolensk", "Yartsevkie", "Roslavl". Ngosuku yokukhululwa Smolensk eMoscow wanikezwa lingukuhlonipha ka artzalpami 244 izibhamu neminyaka engama-20.

udumisa

Ukaputeni we-Soviet Army P. F. Klepach phezu isakhiwo ehhotela "Smolensk", okuyinto ingenye yabasindileyo wema, ephakanyiswe ifulege yakhe ebomvu. Lonke idolobha wacishe ubhujiswe, kodwa ngemva bayonqoba ngokuphelele amabutho ethu German undlovukayiphikiswa phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ezayo, idolobha libuyiselwe futhi kabusha.

Ngo-1966, emzini Smolensk wathola Order of Patriotic neMpi mina degree, Order of Lenin ngo-1983 futhi isihloko Hero City Meyi 6, 1985.

Ukuze uthole banomuzwa engcono ngakho, uma uvakashela Smolensk ukuvakashela eliyingqayizivele futhi omunye the best neMpi Yezwe II Museum. Smolensk, kanye lonke izwe Smolensk, ugcwele mass amathuna futhi amatshe ayenzelwe. Lapha ngomhawu ugcine kukhunjulwa izisulu zenhlekelele, abantu singakhohlwa labo abalwela ukuba ukufa emzabalazweni umhlaseli.