Umlando kanye nencazelo Eyjafjallajökull intabamlilo

Kusukela esikhathini eside esidlule, izintabamlilo besaba futhi ukhangwa umuntu ngokwakhe. bakwazi ukulala eminyaka. Isibonelo salokhu umlando wakamuva we Eyjafjallajökull intabamlilo. Abantu kutshalwa Amasimu emithambekeni entabeni umlilo, ukukhuphuka iphakama, ukwakha izindlu. Kodwa ekugcineni entabeni nomlilo-ukuphefumula evuka, ke uzoletha imbubhiso futhi inhlekelele.

Kuyinto yeqhwa lesithupha ngobukhulu e-Iceland, esisogwini eningizimu 125 km empumalanga ne Reykjavik. Ngaphansi futhi eduze yeqhwa kancane efihla Myurdalsyokudl intabamlilo kokuba simise oyindilinga.

Ukuphakama iziqongo Glacier 1666 amamitha, usayizi waso - mayelana 100 amakhilomitha square. wentaba Volcanic sifinyelela ububanzi 4 km. Eminyakeni emihlanu eyedlule, amagquma ayo embozwe izinguzunga zeqhwa. Eliseduze edolobheni - skógar edolobhaneni elise eningizimu yeqhwa. Kusuka lapha kuvela emfuleni Skougau, kanye edume impophoma skógafoss.

I-Icelandic intabamlilo Eyjafjallajökull - umsuka igama

Intaba-mlilo Igama livela amazwi ezintathu Icelandic asho Isiqhingi yeqhwa nentaba. Mhlawumbe yingakho kunzima kangaka ukuba amemezele futhi egcinwe kabi. Njengoba izazi zezilimi uthi, iyingxenye encane abakhileyo eMhlabeni kungaba amemezele kahle kuphela - Eyjafjallajökull intabamlilo. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi izwi Icelandic ngoba izwi kuzwakala "isiqhingi entabeni yeqhwa."

Intaba-mlilo akunagama

Ngenxa yalokho, inkulumo ethi "intabamlilo Eyjafjallajökull" Ufake isichazamazwi zomhlaba ngo-2010. Kuyinto ezihlekisayo, uma ucabangela ukuthi eqinisweni ezintabeni nomlilo-ukuphefumula kwegama elifanayo alikho ngokwemvelo. E-Iceland, eziningi izinguzunga zeqhwa nezintaba-mlilo. Kugcine lapho esiqhingini ngamatshumi amathathu. Ngezinye 125 km kusuka Reykjavik, eningizimu ye-Iceland, kuba yeqhwa kahle esikhulu. Nguye wabelane igama lakhe namagama Eyjafjallajökull intabamlilo.

Itholakala ngaphansi intabamlilo, okwaphela amakhulu eminyaka amaningi ongazange akhuphukele enegama. He is angenamagama. Ngo-April 2010, yena ukwethuka yonke iYurophu isikhashana abe newsmaker global. Ukuze ambize intabamlilo nameless, abezindaba wacelwa ukuba igama igama lakhe yeqhwa - Eyjafjallajokull. Ukuze ukudida kubafundi bethu, sizokhuluma kuye kanye.

incazelo

Icelandic intabamlilo Eyyafyatlayokudl stratovolcano kuyinto ejwayelekile. Ngamanye amazwi, walibumba is by ezelekene Isigaxa ingxube siyelapheka, udaka umlotha, amatshe njll

Iceland Eyjafjallajokull intabamlilo iyasebenza iminyaka 700 000, kodwa kusukela 1823 ke abalelwa ku isigaba ingalali. Lithi kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX izintaba-mlilo ziqhume ayizange isilungisiwe. isizathu esikhethekile ekhathaza ososayensi isimo Eyjafjallajokull intabamlilo ayikhululwa. Bathola ukuthi isiqhume izikhathi eziningana phakathi nenkulungwane esidlule. Nokho, lokhu kubonakaliswa umsebenzi akunakubangelwa ezolile - bethule akukho ingozi kubantu. Njengoba imibhalo ukukhombisa, ukuqhuma zokugcina akazange ihluke by kwekhabhoni enkulu umlotha wentaba-mlilo, udaka lwentaba-mlilo amagesi esishisayo.

Irish Eyjafjallajokull intabamlilo - indaba eyodwa kuqhuma

Njengoba sekushiwo, emva kuqhuma intaba-mlilo ngo-1823 neyaziwayo elele. Ekupheleni 2009 lenyuka umsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba. Kuze-March 2010, kwaba khona abangaba yinkulungwane Ukundindizela amandla 1-2 amaphuzu. Lokhu injabulo iphutha ngesikhathi ka-10 km ukujula.

Ngo-February 2010, abasebenzi Meteorological Institute of Iceland ukuze ngosizo GPS-izilinganiso ezilotshwe endaweni ukufuduka yeqhwa uqweqwe eMhlabeni kuya ku-3 cm eningizimu-mpumalanga. Umsebenzi waqhubeka ekhula futhi yayina kakhulu e 3 - 5 Mashi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ke eqoshiwe ukuzamazama ayizinkulungwane ezintathu ngosuku.

Ilindele ukuqhuma

Kusukela endaweni eyingozi emhlabeni intabamlilo iziphathimandla zanquma kuphunywe izakhamizi 500 endawo, ukwesaba ugcwalise endaweni, okungase kubangele okukhulu ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa, esehlanganise Iceland Eyjafjallajokull intabamlilo. Ukuze bagweme ukubanjwa, sasivala ngamazwe sezindiza eKeflavík.

Ngo-March 19 Ukundindizela baye bathuthela empumalanga wentaba-mlilo esenyakatho. Bakhandwa uthephwe ngesikhathi 4 ukujula - 7 km. Umsebenzi Kancane kancane wawuvula okwengeziwe empumalanga, futhi Ukundindizela kwaqala ukwenzeka eduze kwamanzi.

Ngezinye 23:00 ngo-April 13, ososayensi Iceland umsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-intabamlilo umiselwe, entshonalanga ayangena ezimbili. Ngemva kwehora, yaqala nokuqhuma entsha eningizimu lo mgodi emaphakathi. A insika umlotha oshisayo wasukuma ukuze 8 km.

Ngikuphathele enye obuphelele ukuqhuma phezu 2 amakhilomitha. Glacier waqala ngenkuthalo ncibilika futhi amanzi agelezé kokubili nasenyakatho naseningizimu ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi. Esiphuthumayo abantu 700 zabantu zathuthelwa kwezinye izindawo. Phakathi amanzi ncibilikisa ilanga imoto Ugcwalise ithrekhi, kokuba kuqala ubhujiswe. Ngo wentaba-mlilo umlotha ezifakwa eseningizimu ye-Iceland sibhalelwe.

Ngo-April 16 ikholomu umlotha safinyelela amakhilomitha 13. Lokhu ososayensi ukwethuka. Lapho umlotha siphakeme kumuntu ukuphakama amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-11 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, ke lingena singene Stratosphere futhi angadluliselwa olude. Ukusabalala umlotha ngasempumalanga nomthelela anticyclone eqinile phezu enyakatho-Atlantic.

I last kuqhuma

Ngo-March 20, 2010. Lolo suku lwaqala ukuqhuma lokugcina intabamlilo e-Iceland. Eyjafjallajokull ekugcineni laphaphama 23:30 GMT. Empumalanga yeqhwa kwakheka igebe, ubude eyayiqhele 500 amamitha.

Ngalesi sikhathi, kwakungadingeki eqoshiwe umlotha kwekhabhoni ezinkulu. Apreli 14 kuqhuma kwaqina. Yingaleso sikhathi, futhi kwakukhona ekushayweni izindodla umlotha wentaba-mlilo ezinamandla. Kule ndaba kwaba wezasemoyeni avaliwe phezu ingxenye yaseYurophu kwaze kwaba yilapho 20 Apreli 2010. Okungavamile izindiza elinganiselwe ngoMeyi 2010. Izazi zilinganisela ukushuba kuqhuma phezu Vei yemakhono 4 amaphuzu.

umlotha esiyingozi

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lutho okungavamile kwakungelona ukuziphatha Eyjafjallajökull intabamlilo. Ngemva umsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba, eyathatha izinyanga eziningana, endaweni yeqhwa ngobusuku 20 ku Mashi 21 kwaqala kuqhuma Kuhle. Lokhu ayiphathwa nakuphathwa kule nabezindaba. Konke ishintshile kuphela ebusuku 13 ngo-April 14, lapho kuqhuma ubephelezelwa lapho kukhululwa omningi umlotha wentaba-mlilo, futhi ikholomu kwakhe kwafika ukuphakama enkulu.

Ukuwa kwabangelwa air zokuthutha?

Kuhle kokusho ukuthi kusukela ngoMashi 20, 2010 phezu Izwe Elidala air zokuthutha isondela wokugoqa. Yena waba ezihlobene efwini mlilo kuye edalwe ngokuzumayo siphaphama intabamlilo Eyjafjallajökull. Lapho wathola amandla ukuba bathule kusukela ngekhulu XIX, entabeni ayaziwa, kodwa kancane kancane a Ifu elikhulu lomlotha, okuyinto waqala ukwakha ngo-April 14, umboze Europe.

Ngemva kokuvalwa wezasemoyeni yayikhubazekile zezindiza abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu kulo lonke elaseYurophu. alamu Abaningi zilethwe umlotha wentaba-mlilo kanye nochwepheshe Russian. Ezweni lethu, ziye ebambekile noma ukhansele ngokuphelele amakhulu izindiza. Izinkulungwane zabantu, kuhlanganise abaseRussia, isimo kulindeleke ukuba ngcono ngo zezindiza emhlabeni wonke.

A ifu umlotha wentaba-mlilo uthanda ukudlala abantu, ekushintsheni nsuku zonke isiqondiso futhi ngokuphelele hhayi 'ukulalela' ochwepheshe, opholile abantu yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba ukuthi kuqhuma ngeke lihlale isikhathi eside.

Geophysics Iceland Meteorological Apreli 18 wathi "I-RIA NOVOSTI", abakwazi ukubikezela ubude intabamlilo. Isintu braced okwesikhathi "lokulwa 'isikhathi eside ne intabamlilo nokuqala ngokubala balahlekelwa kakhulu.

Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa Awakening of the Eyjafjallajökull intabamlilo e-Iceland iminyaka ngokwalo akazange abe nemiphumela emibi ngendlela efanayo, ngaphandle mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuba baphume futhi Ukuvalwa yesikhashana kwesikhumulo sezindiza.

Ukuze ezwekazini laseYurophu ikholomu enkulu umlotha wentaba-mlilo waba inhlekelele, yebo, ku-aspect ezokuthutha. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokuthi umlotha wentaba-mlilo anezakhi ngokomzimba ukuthi iyingozi kakhulu ukuba zezindiza. Lapho injected samanzi indiza ikwazi ayeke injini, okuyinto nakanjani kuholele enhlekeleleni esabekayo.

Ubungozi ukuba zezindiza ngezinye izikhathi kwandisa ngenxa lokuhlala enkulu umlotha wentaba-mlilo emoyeni, okuyinto iyehlisa ukubonakala. Lokhu kuyingozi ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi indlela. umlotha wentaba-mlilo kungabangela ukungasebenzi ku-ibhodi electronics kanye umsakazo imishini lapho ukuphepha kwendiza kuxhomeke kakhulu.

ukulahlekelwa

Lokhu kuqhuma we Eyjafjallajokull intabamlilo ulilethele ukulahlekelwa izinkampani izivakashi aseYurophu. Zithi nabo ekulahlekelweni kwabo Udlule $ 2.3 bhiliyoni, nokulimaza hits nsuku zonke kwi ephaketheni, kwaba cishe $ 400 million

Ukulahlekelwa abangu kulinganiselwa izindiza ngokusemthethweni azisizi $ 1.7 billion. Awakening of izintaba somlilo abathintekayo 29% zezindiza emhlabeni. Njalo kuqhuma usuku kalowo baba abangaphezu kwesigidi abagibeli.

Wahlupheka futhi Russian "Aeroflot". Phakathi okuphetha ka imigqa phezulu elaseYurophu inkampani engalandelanga phakathi kwesikhathi indiza 362. Ukulahlekelwa ezigidi zalo zamadola.

imibono lochwepheshe

Ochwepheshe baye bame kwelokuthi ngempela efwini wentaba-mlilo iyingozi sina ukuba izindiza. Lapho ihlaselwe crew baphawula yenkungu kakhulu. electronics Igibelile ukusebenza ukuphazamiseka omkhulu.

I kwaphumela lwengilazi "ihembe" ku Rotor izindwani, odla orifices ezisetshenziswa usinika umoya ukuze injini nezinye izingxenye izindiza, kungabangela ukwehluleka kwabo. Nge lesi sivumelwano futhi izinduna nezindiza.

Katla intabamlilo

Ngemva ukubola umsebenzi we Eyjafjallajökull intabamlilo, ososayensi abaningi wabikezela ngisho kuqhuma namandla kakhulu lomunye entabeni Icelandic somlilo - Katla. Kuyinto ezinkulu okuningi futhi kunamandla Eyjafjallajokull.

Eminyakeni emibili eyinkulungwane lapho abantu ababukile ukuqhuma we Eyjafjallajökull, kulandele esingaba izinyanga eziyisithupha, yamila kanye Katla.

Lezi izintaba-mlilo zitholakala eningizimu ye-Iceland, at ibanga nesishiyagalombili amakhilomitha kusuka komunye nomunye. Bahlanganyela uhlelo ezivamile iziteshi komhlaba magma. Katla wentaba itholakala ngaphansi mýrdalsjökull yeqhwa. indawo sq 700 zayo. km, ukujiya - 500 metres. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ngesikhathi kuqhuma umlotha emkhathini uwela ephindwe izikhathi eziyishumi kunomuntu ngo-2010. Kodwa ngenhlanhla, naphezu izibikezelo eyethusayo ososayensi, Katla kodwa kwakungekho zimpawu zokuphila.