Umgomo we operation ABS. Abamba braking System ABS. Iyini i-ABS emotweni?

Lokho kuyinto ABS (abamba Brake System), noma kunalokho, indlela ziqala kahle esithi, manje eyaziwa kubashayeli abaningi, kodwa ingabe izikhubekiso, futhi kungani lokhu kwenziwa, ukwazi curious kakhulu kuphela. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isimiso esinjalo manje efakwe izimoto kakhulu kokubili amazwe futhi ekhiqizwa kumazwe.

ABS kuhlobene uhlelo unyathela amabhuleki imoto, ngakho-ke, ukuphepha umshayeli, abagibeli, futhi zonke endleleni ezungeze. Ngakho-ke, ukwazi ukuthi isebenza kanjani, kuyoba usizo ukuba zonke umshayeli. Kodwa okokuqala, ukuqonda ukusebenza kwe-ABS, kudingeka siqonde ukuthi kusho ukuthini "unyathela amabhuleki lesifanele."

Umgomo we "unyathela amabhuleki efanele"

Ukuze umise imoto, akwanele ukuba cindezela efike ngesikhathi isinyathelo ukubopha. Phela, uma ngesikhathi drive okusheshayo ukubopha ngokucijile, amasondo umshini avimbelwe futhi ngeke lisabafihla tibuye tishelele endleleni. Kungase kwenzeke ukuthi ngaphansi kwazo zonke amathayi ebusweni hhayi kuyoba iyunifomu efanayo, ngakho ukundiza nezinye izingcweti isivinini kuzohluka, futhi lokhu kuyingozi. Umshini ngeke besakwazi zingalawulwa futhi ngeke angene skid, okuyinto, ngokungabi bikho amakhono umshayeli, kuyoba nzima ukulawula. Futhi imoto ongalawuleki - kuba umthombo ezingaba ingozi.

Ngakho Into esemqoka kule unyathela amabhuleki - akusiwona ezinzima ukukhiya amasondo bese uya skid engalawuliwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kukhona iqhinga elula - unyathela amabhuleki ngakanye. Ukuze ngilifeze akudingekile ukugcina isinyathelo ukubopha njalo ecindezelekile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi uyayekela futhi ucindezela futhi (njengokungathi shaking). Lesi senzo obonakala ulula ngeke zisakwazi umshayeli imoto, ngoba akuvumeli yimpandla amathayi ukulahlekelwa traction.

Kodwa kukhona into womuntu eziyihlazo - umshayeli esimweni esiphuthumayo okungenzeka nje ulahleke futhi bayakhohlwa zonke imithetho. Lapha i Ezimweni ezinjalo, futhi kusungulwe ABS, noma ngenye indlela - anti-lock braking system.

Uyini-ABS (ABS)

Encazelweni elula, ABS uhlelo kuyinto iyunithi electromechanical elawula imoto deceleration inqubo ezimweni ezinzima komgwaqo (ice, umgwaqo ezimanzi nokunye. P.).

ABS - umsizi kuhle umshayeli, ikakhulukazi usaqala, kodwa udinga ukuqonda ukuthi kumane nje kusiza ekulawuleni umshini futhi akusho ukuphatha, ngakho ancike "antiblock" akudingekile. Umshayeli Kudingeka sihlole imoto yakho, ngokuziphatha kwayo endleleni, nini futhi kanjani ukusebenzisa amabhuleki we-ABS, lokho unyathela amabhuleki amabanga ezindaweni ezahlukene. Kahle kahle, lokhu kumele ihlolwe ajikelete ozinikele ukuzigwema ngale komgwaqo.

Into ethi ayifane, kodwa hhayi i-ABS

Mshini lokuqala, umphumela okuyinto Kwakufana isimiso ABS, uvele ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka eledlule, kodwa ahloselwe izindiza kokwehla igiya. Ofanayo, kodwa uhlelo yezimoto, lakhiwe ngokuhlanganyela "Bosch", okusunguliwe patent lapho wathola ngo-1936. Nokho, idivayisi isebenza ngempela lobu buchwepheshe kungaba nokuqalisa kuphela 60s, lapho Semiconductors lokuqala namakhompyutha. Futhi bebodwa ukudala i-prototype ye-ABS, ngaphezu "Bosch", wafuna ngisho "General Motors", "General Electric", "Lincoln", "Chrysler" nabanye.

Eyokuqala amabhuleki imoto

• E-United States, okungukufa ABS, noma kunalokho, Analogue sayo esiseduze, abanikazi safunda le "Lincoln" imoto ngo-1970. Uhlelo auto wamiswa, lapho le nkampani "Ford" onjiniyela basungula kudala njengoba 1954, futhi bakwazi 'lisikhumbuza ngani "kuphela 70 th.
• A indlela afana ABS e-UK uye wazakhela General Electric kanye Dunlop. Uzame ku imoto yezemidlalo Jenssen FF, kwenzeka ngo-1966.
• EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani mayelana umqondo wegama elithi "anti-lock simiso emotweni," Heinz wafunda eLiberia, okwakuthatha ukuthuthukiswa yayo ngo-1964, esebenza njengomdwebi unjiniyela Teldix GmbH, wayiqeda ngo-1970, useqalile vele ukusebenza Diamler-Benz. Iyaziqinisa ABS-1 lwavivinywa ngekubambisana ne-Bosch. Bosch, esikhundleni salokho, uye wakha ABS-2 yayo egcwele, okuyinto ngo-1978 kuqala nime "Mercedes" le W116, eminyakeni embalwa kamuva kanye BMW-7. Nokho, ngenxa yezindleko eliphezulu uhlelo olusha unyathela amabhuleki, lalisetshenziswa kuphela njengento yokuzikhethela.

ukukhiqizwa Okugcwele serial izimoto nge "antiblock" zaqala ngo-1992. Yaqala ukufaka imikhiqizo yabo ezinye automakers ezinkulu. Futhi kakade 2004 lesi simiso waqala ukuhlomisa zonke izimoto ephuma ezimbonini elihambayo European.

Imisuka uhlelo anti-lock

Ngekucabanga ABS design ibukeka elula futhi kuhlanganisa izinto ezilandelayo:

• i control unit electronic.
• Izinzwa ukulawula isivinini.
• iyunithi umfutholuketshezi.

I-control unit (CU) Eqinisweni, nguye "ingqondo" kohlelo (computer), nekutsi isebenta njani, abanye kuyaqondakala, kodwa inzwa ijubane futhi iyunithi wokubacindezela udinga ukukhuluma okwengeziwe.

Isimiso ezisebenza we inzwa isivinini

Ukusebenza inzwa control ijubane kuyinto kagesi lokungeniswa umphumela. Ikhoyili letinalokubalulekile kazibuthe is fixedly aboshelwe ihabhu isondo (ezinye tinkhulumo - drive oluvala amasondo reducer).

Ihabhu igibele a igiya indandatho ligijima kanye isondo. Ukuzungelezisa umqhele eshintsha kwemigomo kazibuthe, okuholela okuvela ngogesi. Inani lamanje, ngokulandelana, kuncike ijubane isondo. Futhi, kuye ngokuthi inani layo, isiginali ekhiqizwa okuyinto yadluliselwa control unit.

iyunithi umfutholuketshezi

iyunithi umfutholuketshezi kuhlanganisa:

• Solenoid valve okuyizinto sihlukaniswe ngu itheku futhi esidayisa zenzelwe ulungise ingcindezi ekhiqizwa kuleli amasilinda ukubopha wemoto. Inombolo umphini ngazimbili kuncike hlobo amabhuleki.
• Futha (benethuba yokudla reverse) - iphampa ingcindezi ofiselekayo ohlelweni, ukondla uketshezi ukubopha kusukela accumulator, bese ukhetha emuva uma kudingeka.
• Accumulator - isitoreji se-ukubopha uketshezi.

ABS, isimiso ukusebenza

Kukhona izigaba ezintathu esemqoka ye-ABS:

1. impumuzo Ukucindezelwa uMbhalo ukubopha.
2. ingcindezi njalo e uMbhalo.
3. Senyusa izinga lomfutho womoya e uMbhalo ukubopha ezingeni oyifunayo.

Okokuqala, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi iyunithi wokubacindezela ihlanganiswe emotweni ohlelweni unyathela amabhuleki njalo, nje ngemuva main ukubopha isilinda. A valve Solenoid kukhona uhlobo valve, ukuvulwa kanye nokuvala ukufinyelela fluid amasilinda isondo ukubopha.

Ukuqhuba nokulawula uhlelo imoto unyathela amabhuleki ligcinwe, ngokuhambisana idatha etholwe kusukela control unit isivinini ABS izinzwa.

Ngemva kokuqala unyathela amabhuleki ABS lifundza ukufundwa izinzwa isondo, futhi kancane kancane ijubane imoto incipha. Uma ezinye amasondo wayeka (slide phezulu), isivinini inzwa ngokushesha kutshela i ECU. Emva kokuthola ke, le control unit oyenza valve qeda lapho amabhlogo ukufinyelela fluid uMbhalo isondo wazihlephula, futha ngokushesha uqala Ukukhetha yayo, kubuyela accumulator, kanjalo kokukhipha yokuvala. Ngemva ukujikeleza kwesondo idlula umkhawulo predetermined isivinini, "antiblock", esehlanganise ukuvulwa esidayisa futhi valve itheku, oyenza futha, okuyisona kolunye uhlangothi, ephoqa kwengcindezi uMbhalo ukubopha, kanjalo braking isondo. Zonke izinqubo kwenziwe ngokushesha (4-10 rep / umzuzwana.), Futhi uqhubeke kuze umshini sithule.

Isimiso ngenhla okusebenzela kuyo ABS libhekisela eziphambili kakhulu - uhlelo 4-wesiteshi Ukulawula ahlukene kwesondo ngalinye emotweni, kodwa kunezinye izinhlobo "antiblock".

Ezinye izinhlobo ABS

ABS Three-isiteshi - lolu hlobo uhlelo has ezintathu inzwa isivinini: ezimbili ogibele amasondo angaphambili, futhi eyesithathu - kwi oluvala amasondo labaqaphi elingemuva. Ngakho, iyunithi wokubacindezela yakhiwa amabhangqa amathathu valve. Umgomo we-ABS yalolu hlobo bahlale ngokwahlukana ukulawula ngamunye amasondo phambi nombhangqwana labaqaphi elingemuva.

amabhuleki Dual - esimisweni esinjalo abhanqiwe amasondo ukulawula isendaweni eyodwa ebhodini.

Single-isiteshi ABS - inzwa ogibele oluvala amasondo misa, futhi ihambisa unyathela amabhuleki amandla kubo bonke amasondo amane kanyekanye. uhlelo ezinjalo yakhiwa eyodwa pair of valve (eyanele kanye qeda). ingcindezi ushintsho olufanayo kulo lonke wesifunda.

Ukuqhathanisa izinhlobo "antiblock", kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwabo inani control ijubane futhi izinzwa, ngokulandelana, ama-valve, kodwa ngokuvamile, isimiso yokusebenza amabhuleki imoto, i-oda izinqubo ezenzeka kuwo, kuyafana zonke izinhlobo izinhlelo.

Kanjani ABS noma braking enhle

Ukunquma ukumisa imoto yakho ifakwe ABS, umshayeli ezicindezelayo le isinyathelo ukubopha, azizwa sengathi iqala dlidliza kancane (vibration kungase kuhambisane isici umsindo "ratchet" okusikhumbuza umsindo). Lolu hlobo umbiko uhlelo ukuthi uye wathola. Izinzwa ukufunda ukusebenza ngesivinini. I-control unit elawula ingcindezi kule amasilinda ukubopha, ekuvimbeleni amasondo ukumbopha uvalwe, nge "Ukuvutha" okusheshayo podtormazhivaya kubo. Ngenxa yalokho, imoto kancane kancane kubambezela futhi uya skidding, futhi ngaleyo ndlela uhlala ukulawuleka. Ngisho noma umgwaqo uyashelela, umshayeli nge unyathela amabhuleki esinjalo singamane ukulawula isiqondiso ukunyakaza umshini yokuma. Ngakho, sibonga i-ABS, kuvela ephelele, futhi okubaluleke - elawulwa unyathela amabhuleki.

Yiqiniso, uhlelo anti-lock kusiza kakhulu ukuphila umshayeli, lula futhi okwandisa nekusebenta inqubo unyathela amabhuleki. Nokho, it has izinkinga eziningi ukuthi kudingeka wazi futhi acabangele practice.

nemibi ABS

Ububi eyinhloko ABS ukuthi ukuphumelela kwawo kuxhomeke kulokho isimo komgwaqo.

Uma ebusweni umgwaqo engalingani, ebusweni esingemnandi, ibanga imoto unyathela amabhuleki kuyoba isikhathi eside kunokuvamile. Isizathu salokhu wukuthi ngesikhathi isondo unyathela amabhuleki ngezikhathi ilahlekelwa traction (Usephumile) nabongci ukuphotha. Lokhu ABS stop isondo Ngokuqondene njengoba ukukhiya, futhi eyeka unyathela amabhuleki. Kodwa zokunciphisa ukuxhumana umgwaqo ecacisiwe ukubopha isicelo ayisekho sifana elikhulu, uhlelo kufanele kabusha futhi, ngalesi sikhathi usuke udlale ngesikhathi, ngenxa okwandisa ibanga unyathela amabhuleki. Nciphisa lo mphumela kungaba, ukunciphisa ijubane umshini.

Uma ebusweni umgwaqo akuyona iyunifomu, nge izindawo kushintshana, njenge: iqhwa usuthathelwa ice, ice - asphalt ke futhi iqhwa, nokunye .. Esimweni esinjalo, ehlela phezu okuningi ezishelelayo, ABS, ekuhloleni enamathela uvuma-ke inqubo unyathela amabhuleki ngesikhathi Ukuqeda ku asphalt "antiblock" futhi kufanele kabusha, njengoba akhethiwe unyathela amabhuleki amandla ukuze zisuka endaweni eshelelayo phezu asphalt kuba ngempumelelo, it kwandisa ubude indlela unyathela amabhuleki.

Nge okuxekethile inhlabathi ABS futhi "abangane", kulesi simo, evamile uhlelo unyathela amabhuleki isebenza kangcono kakhulu njengoba isondo ikhiyiwe ngaphansi unyathela amabhuleki ukugqiba emhlabathini, ukwakha isendleleni ekukhuphukeni, ukuvimbela eminye Yiqiniso, futhi ngesivinini imoto ukuyeka.

Ngezinye "antiblock" ngesivinini ongaphakeme ngokuvamile zikhutshaziwe. Ngakho-ke, lapho ishayela emgwaqweni ezishelelayo uya ekwehleni, udinga uzilungiselele salokhu umzuzu engiwukhumbulayo owawungemnandi, bese ugcine zisesimweni esihle "ibhuleki lesandla", angasetshenziswa uma kunesidingo.

Ekuphetheni, siphawula ukuthi ABS nakanjani kwalokho okuhle uhlelo unyathela amabhuleki elikuvumela ukuba ugweme ukulahlekelwa ukulawula imoto ngaphansi unyathela amabhuleki. Nokho, umuntu kufanele sikhumbule njalo ukuthi lesi simiso akuyona onamandla onke, futhi kwezinye izimo kungase kube senze.