Ulwazi mayelana lezinkanyezi ezinomsila. Lezinkanyezi ezinomsila ukuhambisa. amagama lezinkanyezi ezinomsila

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu baye bafuna ukwembula izimfihlo ukuthi uyazifihla esibhakabhakeni. Kusukela isibonakude lokuqala, ososayensi babe igxathu negxathu ukuqoqa okuyigugu ulwazi ukuthi kufihlwe expanses olungenamkhawulo isikhala udaliwe. Sekuyisikhathi ukuthola lapho benza izithunywa isikhala - lezinkanyezi ezinomsila kanye emkhathini.

Uyini enomsila?

Uma omunye uhlola incazelo yegama elithi "inkanyezi enomsila", sifika okulingana bayo basendulo-Greek. Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi kusho "izinwele ezinde." Ngakho, igama elithi wanikezwa ngenxa nokwakheka komhlaba nendikimba esemkhathini. Comet has a "ikhanda" kanye "umsila" eside - uhlobo "izinwele". ikhanda enomsila siqukethe nucleus futhi izinto perinuclear. Ukwakheka ingafaka amanzi core okuxekethile, kanye amagesi ezifana-methane, i-ammonia ne-carbon dioxide. Isakhiwo esifanayo inkanyezi enomsila Churyumov - Gerasimenko, wavula Okthoba 23, 1969.

Njengoba le inkanyezi enomsila ayephambi

Ezikhathini zasendulo, okhokho bethu babekhulekela futhi yasungulwa izinkolelo-ze ezihlukahlukene. Ngisho namanje kukhona labo ukuhlobanisa ukubukeka lezinkanyezi ezinomsila ngento esiyivelakancane futhi engaqondakali. Abantu abanjalo bangase bacabange ukuthi lokhu umuntu ongamazi kusuka kwenye eshaweni emhlabeni. Lapho benza okunjalo uvalo? Mhlawumbe kungcono yokuthi ukubukeka lezi zidalwa zasezulwini wake kwaqondana esithile abangenamusa na.

Nokho, njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, nokushintsha Imibono yokuthi kuyini a inkanyezi enomsila ezincane nezinkulu. Ngokwesibonelo, usosayensi njengoba u-Aristotle, behlola imvelo yabo wanquma ukuthi le gesi elikhanyayo. Ngokusebenzisa isikhathi, esinye isazi sefilosofi okuthiwa uSeneca, owaphila owayehlala eRoma, uveza ukuthi inkanyezi enomsila - itholakala emzimbeni kwesibhakabhaka ezihambayo omise yabo. Nokho, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngempela ekutadisheni kwabo wathola kuphela ngemva kokudalwa kwesibonakude. Lapho uNewton wathola umthetho wamandla adonsela phansi, yenyuka.

imibono yamanje mayelana lezinkanyezi ezinomsila

Ososayensi sinqume ukuthi inkanyezi enomsila kuqukathe core okuqinile (km 1 kuya ku-20 ngo-ukujiya). Uyini umnyombo a inkanyezi enomsila? Kusukela ngxube yamanzi eqandisiwe nothuli cosmic. Ngo-1986, izithombe a inkanyezi enomsila zenziwe. Kwacaca ukuthi umsila wayo somlilo - ukukhululwa ukugeleza igesi nothuli, amandla nezinto zethu esingazisebenzisa uthaba surface eMhlabeni. Ngesizathu esithile, kukhona lesi "umlilo" blowout? Uma netshe elisemkhathini izimpukane esondelene kakhulu kwelanga, ngesikhathi ubuso bayo uyabaselwa, okuholela ukukhululwa uthuli negesi. Ugesi wemisebe yelanga yiwona ucindezela okokusebenza esiqinile lapho inkanyezi enomsila. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba umsila umlilo ngothuli. Lezi izingcezwana nothuli ayingxenye ithrekhi ukuthi sibona isibhakabhaka uma kukhona ukunyakaza lezinkanyezi ezinomsila.

Yini enquma ukuma umsila le inkanyezi enomsila sika

Umlayezo mayelana lezinkanyezi ezinomsila, abekwe ngezansi, kuyosisiza ukuba siqonde kangcono ukuthi lezinkanyezi ezinomsila nokuthi asebenza kanjani. Zihluke - kusukela Imisila yawo wonke bobunjwa. Zonke ngalolu daba Ukwakheka engokwemvelo izinhlayiya ezakha omunye sika umsila. izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu ngokushesha fly kude ilanga, futhi leyo kancane, ngokuphambene bathambekele inkanyezi. Siyini isizathu? It kuvela ukuthi yibo abeza kuwe kuqala, kwaphoqa by amandla elanga, off, futhi isenzo amandla elanga adonsela phansi kwelanga yesibili. Ngenxa yalokho lezi kwemithetho yemvelo sithola imisila enomsila zazo engonxantathu ngezindlela ezahlukene. Labo imisila okuyinto aqukethe ikakhulu of igesi izodluliselwa kusukela inkanyezi, futhi corpuscular (ehlanganisa ogxile of thuli), kunalokho, abafuna ilanga. Yini esingayisho ngesimo kwabantu umsila le inkanyezi enomsila sika? Ngokuvamile, imisila ifu lingalinganiswa e izigidi amakhilomitha, kwezinye izimo, amakhulu ezigidi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokungafani kuya umzimba inkanyezi enomsila, umsila wayo kwedlula izinhlayiya kukhishelwa ngaphandle kokuba esincane noma abangenaso nhlobo kwabantu. Lapho netshe elisemkhathini osondela Sun, umsila le inkanyezi enomsila sika kungaba kabili futhi uthenge isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ijubane lokuya izinhlayiya ngomsila inkanyezi enomsila

Kala ukuthi lingakanani ijubane lokuya e umsila le inkanyezi enomsila sika akulula kangako, ngoba asikwazi ukubona izinhlayiya ngabanye. Nokho, zikhona izikhathi lapho ukunyakaza Isivinini kwezingxenye umsila kungaba azimisele. Ngezinye izikhathi lapho ungakwazi cindezela efwini igesi. Kunyakaza kwabo kungaba abale speed eseduze. Ngakho, amabutho ukushayela le inkanyezi enomsila omkhulu kangangokuthi izinga kungenzeka izikhathi 100 njengengcebo enkulu kunemicebo Luhambo kwelanga.

Kanjani inkanyezi enomsila esindayo

Yonke mass lezinkanyezi ezinomsila incike isisindo ikhanda le inkanyezi enomsila, noma kunalokho, i-nucleus yayo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-inkanyezi enomsila elincane singaba nesisindo amathani ezimbalwa kuphela. Nakuba, ngokusho izibikezelo, le asteroyidi enkulu ongafinyelela Isisindo 1 000 000 000 000 amathani.

Uyini Meteor

Ngezinye izikhathi ezinye inkanyezi enomsila edlula emzileni eMhlabeni, kusale umzila zezinsimbi. Lapho iplanethi yethu sihamba endaweni lapho kwakukhona khona enomsila, lowo doti nothuli cosmic, ingabe ingxenye yawo esele, ngesivinini esikhulu faka umoya. Lokhu isivinini kuziwa amakhilomitha angaphezu kwangu-70 ngomzuzwana. Lapho izingcezwana le inkanyezi enomsila sika emsini emkhathini, singabona a umzila enhle. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa ibizwa ngokuthi Meteor (noma emkhathini).

lezinkanyezi ezinomsila Ubudala

Fresh asteroyidi omkhulu angaphila emkhathini eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane zezigidi. Nokho, inkanyezi enomsila, njenganoma iyiphi umzimba cosmic ngeke kube khona kuze kube phakade. Lapho besondela nomunye eLangeni, ngakho ukulahlekelwa izinto liqine futhi lisithinte ngokwengeziwe futhi gaseous ukubunjwa yabo. inkanyezi enomsila "Young" kungaba ekupholiseni kakhulu isisindo nje ebusweni yabo ayakhekanga uhlobo uqweqwe zokuzivikela evimbela ukuhwamuka ngokwengeziwe futhi baphelelwe amandla. Nokho, "abasha" inkanyezi enomsila kuyinto ukuguga, futhi ingxenye eyinhloko siguga futhi ilahlekelwa isisindo sayo kanye Ubukhulu. Ngakho ikhasi olukha phezulu ozuza sebuningini imibimbi, imifantu kanye waphuka. Negesi ageleza, evutha, ukusunduza umzimba inkanyezi enomsila futhi ku, enika ijubane isihambi.

inkanyezi enomsila Halley sika

Enye inkanyezi enomsila, isakhiwo kuyafana le inkanyezi enomsila Churyumov - Gerasimenko, netshe elisemkhathini ukuvulwa Edmund Halley. Waqaphela ukuthi lezinkanyezi ezinomsila anemijikelezo eside okweqanda lapho they nyakazo nge isikhawu ezinkulu. Wafanisa nomunye lezinkanyezi ezinomsila ukuthi aye abonakala lisemhlabathini e 1531, 1607 kanye 1682, ngokulandelana. Kwavela ukuthi kwaba omunye kanye inkanyezi enomsila esifanayo, okwashukumisa kanye trajectory yayo ngokusebenzisa isikhathi cishe engu-75 edlule. Ekugcineni, it yethiwa usosayensi.

Comet esimisweni sonozungezilanga

Singabantu zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Budebuduze kithi akukho lezinkanyezi ezinomsila esingaphansi 1000 zitholakele. Basuke ihlukaniswe imikhaya emibili, futhi, esikhundleni salokho, yizigaba. Ukuze uhlukanise lezinkanyezi ezinomsila, ososayensi acabangele izici zabo ethize: isikhathi lapho bangaya yonke indlela nomjikelezo wawo, futhi isikhathi sokwelashwa. Uma sithatha isibonelo, inkanyezi enomsila Halley sika, okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni, iqalisa revolution ephelele uzungeza ilanga iminyaka engaphansi kuka-200. It libhekisela lezinkanyezi ezinomsila gqwa. Nokho, kukhona labo unqobe yonke indlela isikhathi sifushane isikhathi - okubizwa ngokuthi iDemo-inkathi lezinkanyezi ezinomsila. Singaqiniseka ukuthi ezisesimisweni sethu sikanozungezilanga, kukhona lenqwaba lezinkanyezi ezinomsila sesikhathi omise ukuthi kudlule emhlabeni inkanyezi yethu. Lezi izinto ezisemkhathini kungaba asuswe maphakathi uhlelo lwethu waze bashiye Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba esondelene kakhulu indlela eya amaplanethi, yingakho ushintsho ukushintsha zazo zingaphazami. Njengoba isibonelo, inkanyezi enomsila Enke.

Ulwazi mayelana lezinkanyezi ezinomsila: eside isikhathi

Trajectory of the eside isikhathi lezinkanyezi ezinomsila wehlukile short-isikhathi. They xwaya ilanga nxazonke. Ngokwesibonelo, Heyakutake futhi Hale Bopp. Kugcine wabheka umbukwane kakhulu, isikhathi sokugcina ngisondela iplanethi yethu. Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi ngokuzayo nge Umhlaba bona kuyabonakala kuphela izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Kuningi lezinkanyezi ezinomsila, ne kwenkathi ende ukunyakaza zingatholakala onqenqemeni yesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga. Emuva phakathi nekhulu le-20 sezinkanyezi Dutch wasikisela mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu amaqoqo lezinkanyezi ezinomsila. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile kwakutholakala ukuba khona amafu enomsila, okuyinto namuhla eyaziwa ngokuthi i "Oort Google" futhi yethiwa usosayensi abasithola. Ithini inombolo lezinkanyezi ezinomsila e le-Oort ifu? Ngokwezazi ezithile ezicatshangwayo, akukho esingaphansi trillion. Isikhathi ukunyakazisa ezinye zalezi lezinkanyezi ezinomsila kungenzeka iminyaka eminingi ukukhanya. Kulokhu, indlela yakho yonke inkanyezi enomsila unqobe iminyaka 10 million!

Izinsalela Comet Shoemaker - Levy 9

Okuthunyelwe mayelana lezinkanyezi ezinomsila ezivela emhlabeni wonke ukusiza ophenyweni. Very interesting futhi umbono umxhwele, izazi zezinkanyezi babekwazi ukugubha ngo-1994. Bangaphezu kuka-20 izingcezwana ezisele Shoemaker - Levy 9 ijubane crazy (cishe 200 000 km ngehora) ishayisane Jupiter. Asteroids landizela emkhathini kule planethi nge flare nokuqhuma enkulukazi. igesi red-hot abathintekayo kumiswa izindawo ezinkulu kakhulu umlilo. Amazinga lapho izakhi zamakhemikhali bayajabula up, izikhathi eziningana ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa lendawo lapho eqondiswa phezu kwelanga. Ngemva kwalokho, kwesibonakude wayebona eliphezulu kakhulu igesi ikholomu. ukuphakama kwalo safinyelela osayizi omkhulu - 3200 amakhilomitha.

Comet Biela - inkanyezi enomsila double

Njengoba sifundile, kunobufakazi obuningi bokukholelwa ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le inkanyezi enomsila ubhujiswe. Ngenxa yalokhu belahlekelwa nokukhanya kwazo nokuthi ubuhle. Kungenzeka ukuba ucabangele okukodwa kuphela isibonelo Esimweni esinjalo - inkanyezi enomsila Biela. Okokuqala kwatholakala ngo-1772. Ngemva kwalokho, Nokho, it is hhayi nje futhi ubonile 1815, lapho - e 1826 kanye 1832. Kwathi ebonwe 1845, kwatholakala ukuthi le inkanyezi enomsila ibukeka ezinkulu kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kwathi kwakungeyona indaba yokukhetha okukodwa, kodwa lezinkanyezi ezinomsila amabili eduze komunye nomunye. Kwenzekeni? Izazi zezinkanyezi ziye zathola ukuthi ngonyaka odlule, netshe elisemkhathini Biela kabili. Ngigcine ososayensi ziye zabhala ukuvela kulesi simangaliso-inkanyezi enomsila. Omunye ingxenye kwaba licace okuningi kunamanye. Iningi ambone. Nokho, ngokusebenzisa isikhathi, hhayi nje sigqamile Meteor ekusakazeni orbit okuyinto ezokwenzeka ncamashi ne emzileni le inkanyezi enomsila Biela. Leli cala wafakazela ukuthi lezinkanyezi ezinomsila naphula phansi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kwenzekani engozini

Ukuze umhlangano iplanethi yethu nge lezi zindikimba zasemkhathini azimhambeli kahle. Ucezu enkulu enomsila noma Meteor usayizi azungeze 100 metres okusezingeni eliphezulu emkhathini amabhomu Juni 1908. Ngenxa yalokho le nhlekelele babulala amaningi reindeer futhi amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili Kwakugawulwa ehlathini. Kwakuyokwenzekani uma yinhlama ezinjalo yamila ngenhla okuyidolobha ezifana New York noma eMoscow? Kungadla ukuphila kwezigidi zabantu. Futhi yini ebingenzeka uma inkanyezi enomsila hit Earth lapho ububanzi amakhilomitha ambalwa? Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, phakathi kuka-July 1994 iplanethi i-Jupiter kwaba "wadubula" izinsalela Comet Shoemaker - Levy 9. Ososayensi Izigidi wabukela yesehlakalo. Yini nethonya kangaka yonke iplanethi yethu?

Comet Nomhlaba - imibono yososayensi wezwakala

Ulwazi mayelana lezinkanyezi ezinomsila, aziwa ososayensi, ayihlwanyelayo ukwesaba ezinhliziyweni zabo. Izazi zezinkanyezi nabahlaziyi achaza horror ezingqondweni zabo izithombe ezesabekayo - bashayisana ne inkanyezi enomsila. Lapho le nguzunga fly emkhathini, kuzobangela ekubhujisweni engelapheki phakathi nomzimba yangaphandle. Kuyinto nangomsindo Kuqhuma wako wawuvala izindlebe, futhi izwe uzobheka insika meteoric doti - uthuli amatshe. Sky ukumboza kukhanya somlilo abomvu. Emhlabeni, ngeke kube khona uhlaza, ngenxa ukuqhuma futhi eziyingozi zonke amahlathi bazakuchithwa, amasimu kanye nezimfunda. Ngenxa yokuthi emkhathini kuyoba ungenakonakala yelanga ngesikhathi ngokucijile babe abandayo kanye izitshalo ngeke bakwazi ukugcwalisa indima ye-photosynthesis. wephule Ngakho ngemijikelezo zasolwandle ukuphila umsoco. Ukuba isikhathi eside bengasadli, kufe abaningi kubo. Zonke izenzakalo ngenhla kuzothinta kungenxa yemijikelezo yemvelo. Yande acid imvula kuyoba nomthelela ongemuhle ungqimba lwe-ozone, ngakho uphefumule kule planethi ngeke kwenzeke. Kwakuzokwenzekani uma inkanyezi enomsila uyowela omunye kwezilwandle? Khona-ke kungaholela izinhlekelele ezidala umonakalo omkhulu kwemvelo: kumiswa neziphepho nama-tsunami. Umehluko kuphela yokuthi lezi zinhlekelele kuyoba ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu kunalokho asikwazanga uzwa eziningana iminyaka eyinkulungwane komlando wesintu. amagagasi omkhulu ezinkulungwaneni noma amamitha ukhukhulwe konke endleleni yayo. Kusukela akukho okuseleyo emehlweni enkosi emadolobheni amancane namakhulu.

"Ukuze sithole akudingekile"

Abanye ososayensi, kunalokho, bathi asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka mayelana nezinhlekelele ezinjalo. Bavuma ukuthi uma umhlaba namazulu ngeke asondele eduze le nguzunga, iyokuhola kuphela Ukusabalala kwesibhakabhaka kanye akhawunti ye-imeyli. Kufanele ngikhathazeke ngezinkinga ikusasa lembulunga yethu? Ingabe akhona amathuba okuba esake ukuhlangabezana enomsila flying?

Ukuwa kwe-inkanyezi enomsila. Kufanele siyesaba

Ungasethemba yini konke ufundisa? Ungakhohlwa ukuthi lonke ulwazi mayelana lezinkanyezi ezinomsila eqoshiwe ngenhla - kuphela nokucabanga theory okuyinto ayikwazi ukuqinisekiswa. Yiqiniso, lezi fantasies adala umonakalo ezinhliziyweni zabantu, kodwa amathuba ukuthi izwe kuyoke kwenzeke into efana naleyo, azinakwa. Ososayensi abahlole i ukuphenya, isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga, is bayahlonishwa kanjani konke Bekulokhu kucatshangwa e oyiyo. Emkhathini kanye lezinkanyezi ezinomsila kunzima ukuthola iplanethi yethu ngoba ivikelwe isihlangu omkhulu. Planet Jupiter, ngenxa yobukhulu balo, has a amandla adonsela phansi kakhulu. Ngakho ngokuvamile ivikela umhlaba wethu flying nge doti elisemkhathini futhi inkanyezi enomsila. Lokho-ke kwenza ukuthi indawo iplanethi yethu, kuholela abaningi ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi yonke imishini lwakhiwe futhi ucabangé kusengaphambili. Uma kunjalo, futhi uma ungesiye uKristu, ongakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona oshisekayo, khona-ke ungakwazi ukulala ngokuthula, ngoba uMdali ngokungangabazeki ukulondoloza izwe ngenjongo okuyiwona ukudalile.

Amagama edume kunazo

Umlayezo mayelana lezinkanyezi ezinomsila izazi ezahlukene ezivela emhlabeni wonke akha omkhulu base ulwazi emizimbeni cosmic. Phakathi edume kunazo kukhona eziningana. Ngokwesibonelo, inkanyezi enomsila Churyumov - Gerasimenko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesi sihloko sihlangane nge Fumeykera inkanyezi enomsila - Levy 9 Comet Encke futhi Halley. Ngaphandle kwalezi, nje kuphela abacwaningi ezulwini, kodwa futhi abalandeli Sadulaeva inkanyezi enomsila. Kulesi sihloko esiye sazama ukunikeza ulwazi oluphelele kakhulu futhi okunokwethenjelwa mayelana lezinkanyezi ezinomsila, isakhiwo sabo futhi uxhumane nabanye izindikimba zasezulwini. Nokho, akunakwenzeka ukuba bamukele zonke nobukhulu bomkhathi kwenza, ngakho-ke ingavuli ukuchaza noma bhala yonke inkanyezi enomsila eyaziwa njengamanje. Isifinyezo lezinkanyezi ezinomsila sonozungezilanga okuboniswe Emfanekisweni ongezansi.

ucwaningo esibhakabhakeni

Ulwazi ososayensi Yiqiniso, akuyona emi namanje. Lokho esikwaziyo manje, ayikaziwa kithi eminyakeni engaba 100 noma 10 edlule. Singaqiniseka ukuthi isifiso somuntu ngokungakhathali ukufunda nobukhulu bomkhathi kwenza, futhi uzoqhubeka ibenze nemizamo yayo ukuqonda isakhiwo mayelana nezinto zasemkhathini: emkhathini, lezinkanyezi ezinomsila, asteroyidi, amaplanethi, izinkanyezi kanye nezinye izinto ezinamandla kakhudlwana. Manje siye bangena expanses ezinjalo isikhala ukuthi ukuzindla ku lendawo ekuyo nolwesabekayo yokumazi. Abaningi bayavuma ukuthi konke lokhu kungase kungenzeki lazivulekela futhi ngaphandle kokuba umgomo. Ngo isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi anjalo kufanele kube inhloso. Nokho, imibuzo eminingi ezihlobene nokwakheka kwendawo yonke, futhi engaphenduliwe. Kubonakala sengathi lapho sifunda okwengeziwe, kuba ilapho zithola okwengeziwe ukuhlola okwengeziwe izizathu. Eqinisweni, kulapho sithola ulwazi, siqaphela nakakhulu ukuthi ukuthi awazi, isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga, umthala wethu, i-Milky Way , futhi kulapho yonke. Noma kunjalo, konke lokhu akumvimbi izazi zezinkanyezi, futhi bayaqhubeka ukuqhubeka ukubambana impicabadala yokuphila. ezindizayo ngamunye eduze inkanyezi enomsila isithakazelo esithile kubo.

Uhlelo kukhompyutha "Isikhala Engine"

Ngenhlanhla, namuhla ukuhlola yonke bengayi kuphela izazi zezinkanyezi, kodwa futhi abantu abavamile, ilukuluku ukuthi zibashukumisele ukuba wenze kanjalo. Esikhathini esingeside esidlule, uhlelo lwekhompyutha wakhululwa "Isikhala Engine". Usekelwa amakhompyutha zanamuhla zabantu abasesigabeni esiphakathi zaziba. Kuyinto nhlobo ukulanda futhi ifake ngokuhlola i-Inthanethi. Ngalolu hlelo, ulwazi mayelana lezinkanyezi ezinomsila izingane uyophinde ethakazelisa kakhulu. Lunikeza umfuziselo yonke, kuhlanganise nazo zonke lezinkanyezi ezinomsila nezindikimba zasezulwini, lapho manje aziwa ososayensi yesimanje. Ukuze uthole kufanele sibe nesithakazelo into isikhala, ezifana inkanyezi enomsila, ungasebenzisa isistimu ngamakhasimende esakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, udinga enomsila Churyumov - Gerasimenko. Ukuze ukuthole, kufanele ufake inombolo yayo serial 67 F. Uma unesithakazelo kwenye into, njengemoto Sadulaeva inkanyezi enomsila. Khona ungazama ukufaka igama layo zesi-Latin noma ukufaka inombolo yayo ekhethekile. Ngalolu hlelo, ungafunda kabanzi mayelana inkanyezi enomsila cosmic.