"Ukuthunjwa kweKoenigsberg": indondo yamaqhawe

I-East Prussia yayiyindawo lapho amabutho ayegxilwe khona ukuhlasela abantu baseMpumalanga. Ngakho-ke, ukuthunjwa kweKoenigsberg kwaba umcimbi obalulekile wezempi nezombusazwe.

Ukuqinisa nokuvikela inqaba

I-Koenigsberg yayilungiselelwe kahle ukuvikela isikhathi eside, le nqaba yayizungezwe imigqa emithathu yokuzivikela. Omunye wabo wayekude kude nomuzi, wayemelele izinqaba ezingu-15 ngamapulangwe, izibhamu kanye nezibhamu zomshini kuwo. Inqaba ngayinye yayihlobo lwenqaba encane enegumbi elihlukile. Indawo ephakathi kwama-forts yayinabantu bunkers nama-pillow ukuze wonke umzila wokuzivikela wesitha wawuxhunywe ngumzila oqhubekayo womlilo.

Umzila wesibili wokuvikela iKoeenigsberg wenziwa emaphethelweni edolobha. Kwakukhona izakhiwo zamatshe ezakhiwe ngamatshe futhi eziqinisiwe, ikakhulukazi eziguqulwa izidingo zempi. Maphakathi neKoenigsberg kwakukhona umugqa wesithathu, oqinile kakhulu wokuzivikela. Inqaba yayinemishini yokuxhumana komhlaba, izinqaba. Izithiyo zamanzi zokufakelwa zadalwa. Enqabeni kwakukhona izibhamu eziyizinkulungwane ezine ezihlukene, amathangi amakhulu amaningana, izibhamu. Cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-130 babesegodini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iKoenigsberg ibhekwe emoyeni ngamabhanoyi angamakhulu amabili.

Isivunguvungu nokuthunjwa kweKoeenigsberg

Ukuqothulwa kwesinqaba sezitha kwaqala ngo-1945, ngo-Ephreli 6. Lo msebenzi wawuqondiswe yi-commander-chief of the third Byelorussian Front, Marshal of the Soviet Union Vasilevsky Alexander Mikhailovich, owabe esebenza ngesikhathi kuhlanganisa i-First Baltic Front, owayengumphathi wakhe u-Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan. Ukusekelwa emoyeni kwahlinzekwa yizindiza ngaphansi komyalo kaMarshal Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Novikov. Ngokuphelele, lo msebenzi wawuhilelekile izindiza ezihlukahlukene ezingu-2 400, amathangi angaba ngu-500 nezibhamu ezizimele.

Naphezu kokuvikela ngokuqinile isitha, ngo-Ephreli 9, 1945, idolobhana laseKoenigsberg elinqabeni laliqamba. Kuthunjwe abantu abangu-92 000, kwabulawa amasosha angu-42 000 eJalimane. Cishe yonke impahla ye-fascist yabhujiswa. Kuyo yonke impi, amabutho ethu awazange ahlangabezane nezinqaba ezinjengalezi ezakhiwa eKoenigsberg. Kwakungenye yezindawo ezinkulu kunazo zonke, ezenzelwe ukumelana isikhathi eside, ngisho nokuhlukaniswa okuphelele.

Umlando Wemivuzo

Umphathi we-Soviet Army, uGeneral A. V. Khrulev, ngo-Ephreli 1945, wabeka umsebenzi weKomidi lobuchwepheshe - ukulungisa imindeni yokuthunjwa kwamadolobha angaphandle kweSoviet Union. "Ukuthunjwa kweKoenigsberg" - umdanso oyingqayizivele, yiwo kuphela owatholwa hhayi ukuthatha izinhloko zezifundazwe, kodwa ngokuthatha inqaba. Lokhu kubonakala sengathi kungumcucu wensimbi kuphela, kodwa ufihle uqobo ucezu lomlando, hhayi nje umcimbi othize, kodwa futhi nokuphila kwezinkulungwane zabantu.

NgoJuni 9, 1945 ukuhlonishwa kwamasosha ethu kule mpi yasungulwa umklomelo "Ukuthunjwa kweKoenigsberg." Le ndoda yenziwa ngokusho komdwebo we-AI Kuznetsov. Ehlangothini langaphambili lomklomelo kukhona i-laconic "Ukuthunjwa kweKoenigsberg", phezulu - inkanyezi ekhomba izinkanyezi, igatsha le-laurel ngezansi. Ehlangothini oluphambene nalo mdanso wabhala "ngo-Ephreli 10, 1945", futhi ngaphezu kosuku kunenkanyezi ekhomba izinkanyezi.

Le ndoda ngokwayo yayenziwe yethusi, yayine-round shape 32 mm ububanzi. Ngosizo lendandatho nendlebe, umvuzo uxhumeke esikhwameni. Isigqoko sezindondo sinomumo we-pentagonal futhi sihlanganiswe nebhebheni emidvwebo yembala emnyama nemifino. Kukhona izinguqulo eziningana zomklomelo "Ngokuthunjwa kweKoenigsberg", le ndondo yanikezwa ngezinhlobo ezimbili zezindlebe: isitembu nesitolo.

Kusukela esikhundleni somdanso

Abantu abangazange bathole umklomelo ngenxa yesinye isizathu kodwa abanelungelo lokuthola umdanso "Ukuthunjwa kweKoenigsberg" banikezwa isitifiketi esiqinisekiswe uphawu nokusayina komlawuli. Ukunikezwa kwezindondo kwenziwa ngedokhumenti eqinisekisa iqhaza eliqondile ekuthunjweni nasekuhlaselweni koKoenigsberg. Le dokhumenti ikhishwe ngamakhomithi eyunithi, kanye nezinhloko zezikhungo zezokwelapha.

Umdanso wanikezwa abaphathi bezinhlangano zempi. Kubantu abashiya i-Red Army ne-Navy, okuzuzisa kwenzeka ezindaweni zokuhlala ezifundazweni, ezedolobheni nasezindaweni zokuhlala.

Isimemezelo soMkhandlu oPhakeme

Amasosha ethu angaba ngu-760,000,000 athole umklomelo "Ukuthunjwa kweKoenigsberg." Umdanso wawugqoke ngakwesobunxele kwesifuba. Ngaphambi kokuba umamukeli weminye imiklomelo itholakale ngemuva komdanso "Ukuthunjwa kweBudapest".

Ngokusho kwesinqumo se- Supreme Soviet yase-USSR, ngoFebruwari 1951 kwasungulwa ukuthi indondo "Ukuthunjwa kukaKoenigsberg" nesitifiketi sayo ngemuva kokufa kwe-awardee yahlala emndenini wayo. Ngaphambi kwalesi simiso, indondo nesitifiketi emva kokufa komamukeli babuyele kuhulumeni.

Ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Enkulu yePatriotic, ingxenye ye-East Prussia yaya eSoviet Union, kuhlanganise nomuzi oqinekile waseKoenigsberg. Ngo-1946, idolobha laseKoenigsberg laqanjwa ngokuthi uKaliningrad ngokuhlonipha umholi weqembu elifile uMikhail Ivanovich Kalinin.

Wanikezwa ngezindondo zokuthunjwa kweKoenigsberg

Igazi wabe seliphuzisa amasimu ase-East Prussia, abaqaphi bethu. I-feat eyenziwa ngamasosha ethu ibaluleke kakhulu futhi inkulu. I-Medal "Ukuthunjwa kweKoenigsberg" kuphela umklomelo omncane ofanele izimpi zethu. Amanye amagama amaqhawe asehlele kithi, phakathi kwabo: u-Aleksey Solomonovich Gershgorn, uNikolay Nikolaevich Napmermerov, uSemyon Samuilovich Levin, uEfim Evseyevich Dukhovny, uGulmamed Gyulmamedov, uValentina Fedorovna Napelyueva, uDmitry Semenovich Ivanov. Intengo yokuphila nempilo yanikezwa yona ngokunyuka nokuthatha inqaba. Ngakho uhlu lwamagama aluzange lukhishwe. Umdanso "Ukuthunjwa kweKoenigsberg" wathola izimpi zethu eziningi, kodwa ezinye iziklomelo, ngeshwa, azitholanga amaqhawe abo.

Ukuthunjwa kweKoenigsberg kwakuyisibonelo sesenzo sobuqhawe samasosha ethu. Isibonakaliso esingenakulikhumbula futhi esabizayo sasiyimpendulo "Ngokuthunjwa kweKoenigsberg." Imiklomelo yesithombe, ngeshwa, ivame ukuwela i-Intanethi ngephawu "ukuthengisa". Ngezinye izikhathi sikhohlwa ukuthi amasosha ethu enza kahle kangakanani. Ukuthunjwa kweKoenigsberg kwaba yisiteji esiqinekile empini yonke: isiphetho esiyimpumelelo yokulwa e-East Prussia yavula indlela eya eBerlin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakungenzeka ukufaka umuzi waseKoeenigsberg nezindawo ezizungezile eSoviet Union. Manje idolobha laseKaliningrad liyingxenye yeRussian Federation. Inhlonipho, inkazimulo nokukhumbula okungapheli kwamasosha ethu aphumelele kule mpi.