Ukushayela uhlelo injini fuel kusuka A kuya Chiliza Isikimu fuel simiso injini diesel injini uphethiloli

Okokhelekayo uhlelo - esibalulekile noma iyiphi imoto yesimanje. Lokho kunikeza ukubonakala uphethiloli amasilinda injini. Ngakho-ke, i-fuel kubhekwa kwenye yezingxenye eyinhloko yonke imishini ngendlela ehlelekile. Esihlokweni lanamuhla umdwebo kohlelo fuel kuzoxoxwa, isimo sawo futhi imisebenzi.

aphoyintimenti

Umsebenzi oyinhloko le Phiko ukunikeza yangaphakathi omlilo engine ethile nophethiloli. Ngaphambili ngaphambi sidlula izinyathelo uhlanzekile eziningana futhi sidla endaweni isilinda Umfutho.

kudivayisi node

Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa icebo udizili uhlelo fuel kuyafana likaphethiloli nozakwabo. Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwawo itholakala uhlelo umjovo. Kodwa ngalolo kamuva, kodwa okwamanje ake sibheke umklamo isayithi.

Ngakho, isikimu fuel uhlelo kusikisela ukuba khona wetincenye teluhlaka ezilandelayo:

• Ethangini gas. Lo msuka kungenziwa ekhiqizwa kusuka ishidi steel noma kusuka polypropylene obukhulu kakhulu. Ngo izimoto ezithwala futhi off-road uphethiloli ithangi ogibele phansi. Ngo izimoto wezimpahla, e tractor Ikakhulukazi, nasezinsikeni izisekelo ekhethekile phakathi oluvala amasondo ezingemuva futhi front (kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla). Uphethiloli linanomgudu ekuvimbeleni amafutha outflow ukudluliselwa wemoto.
• Filler cap. Le nto intambo ekhethekile, okuyinto eyenza itheku emoyeni ziba ngcono yayo. Kodwa umshayeli kwaba elula uyasikrufulula cap kuso has a ratchet ekhethekile. Futhi lesi sici has valve ukuphepha okuyinto, uma imoto ingena e uzobanga ingozi ekudambiseni ingcindezi ngaphakathi ethangini. Phela, imishini yesimanje emapayipini ejwayelekile "Euro-2" futhi ingress ngaphezulu fuel umusi emkhathini akuvunyelwe. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthwebule nabo ohlelweni efakwe carbon adsorber ekhethekile.
• Isifutho sophethiloli. Lo msuka ine drive kagesi kanye itholakala phakathi ethangini. I futha ilawulwa control electronic unit. Ukuphendula imininingwane eyayibekwa edluliselwe ekhethekile. Lapho umshayeli uphendulela KU ukuthungela, esebenza isikhathi esithile (imizuzwana akukho kuka 4-5), ngalokho lunikeze ingcindezi oyifunayo ohlelweni ukuqala injini. Futhi uzinake ukuthi futha is selehlile uphethiloli. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza i tank ezingenalutho kungalimaza ke.
• Okokhelekayo zokuhlunga. Ngokuvamile, imoto ifakwe ezimbili izinhlobo izakhi idatha. Le ndlela yokwenza bemidwebo futhi indawo ezivuthayo. I strainer ogibele izindlu fuel futha. Ingqikithi yomsebenzi wakhe itholakala uvalo contaminants ukuthi bangangena injini bese bakha umule ngokweqile. Futhi, lemifanekiso serviceable kakhulu ngcono impilo yokusebenza, ekuvimbeleni ke ekungcolisweni njalo. emihle yokuhlanza indlela itholakala phansi umzimba, ebhekene ezingemuva imoto ukumiswa. Lolu hlobo isihlungi kusekelwe isici iphepha olukwaziyo ukubamba ukungcola izinhlayiya, itiyela inzika, okungase kulimaze uhlelo nophethiloli.

Inzwa fuel ezingeni

It ikhona module futha. Ngu design, inzwa fuel level uhlelo encane ehlanganisa iflothi kanye variable ukumelana contact indlela nge inayiloni. Ngokuya ngenombolo lokuqukethwe ethangini fuel, ukumelana izinguquko isici, okuyinto elungisa inaliti iphaneli Insimbi endlwaneni eyakhiwe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inzwa fuel akuyona is zathiya ngu izinga abampofu fuel izithasiselo hhayi aphule lapho njalo izinguquko lokushisa nokucindezelwa phakathi ethangini.

limes

Lo msuka siqukethe Imibhobho esemzimbeni ezine, ngasinye zazo has a ingono enikeziwe. Kumpambuko efakwe ngaleso ezininginingi eyanele, futhi yenza umsebenzi supply fuel ukuze isilinda ngamunye.

Imibhobho esemzimbeni

Le mininingwane kubaluleke ngokukhethekile imoto, ngoba incike isimo izinga amandla omlilo uphethiloli emoyeni ingxube, namandla ukusetshenziswa wemoto. Umlomo wombhobho is a indlela encane nge valve Solenoid. Kugcine ilawulwa ECU. Lapho-control unit kuyala ugesi ukuze umlomo wombhobho emazombezombe, ivaliwe ibhola valve kuvula kanye nophethiloli kugeleza a nebulizers umlomo wombhobho ipuleti. Phela, lo ipuleti has izimbobo ukuthi zisetshenziselwa ulungise ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela. Okokhelekayo is injected isiteshi umlomo wombhobho we valve eziningana itheku. Ngenxa yalokho, it iyasha ngaphambi kokungena ekamelweni amandla omlilo.

Nazi izinhlobo fuel kwezidingo izinhlelo

Kuze kube manje, ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningana fuel izinhlelo, ezisetshenziswa diesel nophethiloli izinjini. Ikakhulu, i-uphethiloli yangaphakathi omlilo injini uhlelo uphethiloli supply kuphinde lahlukaniswa izinhlobo futhi kungaba carburetor noma injector. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zezindlu kukhona ukungezwani phakathi kwabo design futhi umsebenzi.

carburetor Izici

Umehluko omkhulu walesi simiso kusukela injector fuel of smeseobrazovatelya ezehlukile. Qamba igama layo - the carburetor. Lapha kulapho kukhona ukulungiswa ingxube uphethiloli emoyeni. Setha carburetor phezu ezininginingi eyanele. Ukuze yokuthi zinikwa okuyinto wafutha esikhathini esizayo esebenzisa Jets kanye Ihlangana nge emoyeni. Ingxube siphelile kufakwa le ezininginingi ngokusebenzisa valve mpintsha. Isikhundla yokugcina incike ezingeni umthwalo injini kanye nenani linemibhikisho yayo. Phela, lo uphethiloli supply uhlelo idayagramu injini uphethiloli kuboniswa esithombeni esingezansi:

Njengoba ubona, ku elungiswa futhi amandla omlilo fuel ingxube icushiwe izinzwa eziningi kangaka electronic. Okubaluleke kakhulu ngoba imoto limelela inzwa mpintsha isikhundla kanye linemibhikisho crankshaft.

Phawula futhi ukuthi laba wesifunda fuel uhlelo (UAZ "yizinkwa" kuhlanganise) uhlobo umshini emotweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umoya nomusi kaphethiloli kuyahluka ongaphakeme ingcindezi ezingeni, kwakheka okuyinto e umjovo we nophethiloli. Zona efanayo supply uphethiloli kuya amasilinda injini wenziwa amandla adonsela phansi, isb ngokufaka wehlise ingcindezi ekamelweni omlilo e ukwedlulela piston at BDC.

Izici Ezihilelekile Kule injector

Isikimu fuel uhlelo ( "Mercedes E200" kuhlanganise) umjovo uhlobo has umehluko eliyisisekelo kusukela carburetor analog:

• Okokuqala, uphethiloli it is yanikezwa kummango, ezixhunywe umlomo wombhobho spray.
• Okwesibili, emoyeni ekamelweni injini omlilo ihlinzekwa ngokusebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile mpintsha.
• Okwesithathu, lizinga ingcindezi eyenziwe futha ohlelweni, ngezinye izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka ukuthi kudala carburetor indlela. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa alichaza nesidingo sokuqinisekisa fuel okusheshayo umjovo umlomo wombhobho ekamelweni amandla omlilo.

Kodwa hhayi kuphela ukuthi ihlukile uhlelo carburetor fuel injection. "Chevrolet Niva" (umdwebo amafutha ayo elicacisiwe isithombe ngezansi), kanye nezinye izimoto zanamuhla, unazo zayo ngesikhathi okuthiwa "ubuchopho electronic", okungukuthi ECU. Kugcine obhekene yokuqoqa sicubungula ulwazi kuzo zonke izinzwa ekhona emotweni.

Ngakho, i-ECU futhi ilawula umjovo nophethiloli. Kuye mode electronics inquma onjani ingxube kufanele kufakwa uMbhalo - zimpofu noma zicebile. Kodwa aligcini ngokuphendula lo umdwebo kuyahluka fuel uhlelo ( "Ford Transit» CDI kuhlanganise) umjovo hlobo. Kungase ube nenamba ezahlukene Imibhobho esemzimbeni. Lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho esigabeni esilandelayo.

Isikimu fuel injection ngesikhathi imoto umjovo

Kuze kube manje, kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili injection:

• Monovpryskovye.
• Nge umjovo amaningi.

Esimweni sokuqala, the supply fuel bonke amasilinda is ezenziwe usebenzisa eyodwa umlomo wombhobho. Kuleli qophelo monovpryskovye izinhlelo neze esetshenziswa izimoto zanamuhla, angeke kushiwo mayelana nezimoto umjovo basakaza. Isici injectors enjalo ukuthi i-cylinder ngalinye usethe, umlomo wombhobho zayo ngazinye. Lokhu umdwebo ukufakwa ezithembeke kakhulu, kodwa ngoba isetshenziswa yibo bonke automakers yesimanje.

Kanjani injector?

Isimiso zalesi simiso silula. Okokhelekayo kusukela ithangi nge futha sidla ekuthetheni (kukhona njalo uphethiloli ngomfutho ophakeme). Okulandelayo uya injector, lapho olufuthwe ekamelweni amandla omlilo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umjovo akuhlali phakade, futhi ngezikhawu ezithile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo supply fuel emoyeni ingena ohlelweni. Uma kumiswa fuel ingxube zenzeke Ingxenye ethile, lingena ekamelweni amandla omlilo. Inqubo wokulungiselela nenye injectors ngokushesha izikhathi eziningana ukwedlula uphethiloli izinjini. Phawula futhi ukuthi umsebenzi Imibhobho esemzimbeni sishaye elawula eziningana izinzwa ezengeziwe. Kuphela eyobonisa electronic control unit imiyalo umjovo nophethiloli. Njengoba ubona, uphethiloli uhlelo wesifunda umjovo-uhlobo lihlukile carburetor. Okokuqala, kukhona Imibhobho esemzimbeni ehlukene okuyinto bekwi umjovo fuel ekamelweni amandla omlilo. Futhi okunye, njengoba e uphethiloli izimoto, futhi i-plug inhlansi kuvuliwe omlilo umjikelezo Kwenziwa, okuyinto ke ibe umvimbo piston.

Ukushayela system of a udizili injini

Udizili uhlelo uphethiloli supply has izici zayo siqu. Okokuqala, the supply fuel egumbini amandla omlilo wenziwa khona ngaphansi okukhulu ingcindezi umlomo wombhobho. Empeleni, ngenxa yalokhu futhi wokhela ingxube amasilinda. Ngesikhathi esifanayo umjovo izinjini ingxube wakhanyiswa esebenzisa ube yinhlansi adalwe plug inhlansi. Okwesibili, ingcindezi ngaphakathi ohlelweni yakha futha fuel (ephezulu ingcindezi fuel futha).

Okungukuthi, abangabantwana wesifunda fuel uhlelo (MAZ KamAZov futhi kubandakanya) kangangokuthi kanye Naos ezimbili ezisetshenziselwa umjovo. Omunye ingcindezi ongaphakeme, kwesibili - okusezingeni eliphezulu. Umsuka (obizwa nangokuthi priming) ufakela uphethiloli ithangi kanti eyesibili uphethiloli supply uhileleke ngokuqondile e-injector.

Ngezansi idayagramu kohlelo uphethiloli (KamAz 5320):

Njengoba ubona, lisebenzisa izakhi eziningi ezingaphezu kuka uphethiloli izimoto. By the way, kwezinye izinguqulo KAMAZ izinjini is ngaphezu kwalokho efakwe a turbocharger. Lesi sakamuva lucwaningo umsebenzi ekunciphiseni qeda emkhathini kanye ngesikhathi esifanayo kwandisa umthamo isamba yangaphakathi omlilo engine. isikimu okunjalo kohlelo uphethiloli (KamAz 5320-5410) ivumela fuel injected ngesikhathi ingcindezi ephakeme. Kulokhu, inani petrol uhlala ezingeni elifanayo.

algorithm

Umgomo we operation udizili izinhlelo, has eziyinkimbinkimbi eziningi, ngokungafani injector. Isikimu fuel uhlelo ( "Ford Transit» TDI) yokuthi uphethiloli besebenzisa futha okuphakelayo sidlula lemifanekiso esihle futhi fed futha umjovo. Kukhona-ke ngaphansi kwengcindezi omkhulu engena injector ise ikhanda isilinda. Ngesikhathi esifanele, indlela ivulekile, bese wafutha fuel ingxube kwenzeka ekamelweni, okuyinto umphini ihlinzekwa nge air ahlukene pre-ukuhlanzwa. Le ngxenye okweqa diesel umjovo futha umlomo wombhobho wabuyela emuva ethangini (kodwa hhayi ngokusebenzisa le lemifanekiso, futhi iziteshi ahlukene - amashubhu Reflux). Ngakho, kulombhalo fuel simiso injini diesel iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho futhi kudinga ukucacisa kabanzi ekulungiseleleni ingxube ezivuthayo. Ngakho, ezifana nezindleko izinjini yesondlo ziphakeme kunezindlela for ukukhanda of umjovo.

isiphetho

Ngakho esiphethweni ukuthi kubukeka kanjani umdwebo kohlelo kukawoyela injini diesel nophethiloli. Njengoba ubona, idivayisi idatha engeyokuqala akahlukile nomunye, ngaphandle uhlobo fuel futha. Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlelo kohlelo fuel, ngesikhathi kulungiselelwa ingxube uphethiloli izimoto zanamuhla lincane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, zonke izindlela kumelwe asebenze enokwethenjelwa futhi ngokushelela ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba yenkinga kancane in ukusebenza kwabo kungabangela esivuthayo engalingani kukaphethiloli kanye ukungasebenzi yangaphakathi omlilo engine.