Ukushayela LED kufakwe inethiwekhi 220

Ukukhanyisa kwe-LED sekuthandwa kakhulu manje. Into ewukuthi lokhu ukukhanyisa akunamandla nje ngokwanele, kodwa futhi kuzuzisa ngokwezomnotho. Ama-LED ayimodeli ye-semiconductor egobolondo le-epoxy.

Ekuqaleni, babebuthakathaka futhi bebiza kakhulu. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ekukhiqizeni, kwakhiwa ama-diode amhlophe namhlophe okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaleso sikhathi, intengo yabo yamakethe yawa. Okwamanje, kukhona ama-LED cishe noma imuphi umbala, okwenza ukuba basebenzise emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yomsebenzi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukukhanya kwamakamelo ahlukahlukene, ukukhanya kwezikrini kanye nokushicilela, ukusetshenziswa kwezimpawu zomgwaqo kanye nezibani zethrafikhi, ekamelweni lamakhondomu wezimoto, kumakhalekhukhwini, njll.

Incazelo

Ama-LED asebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukukhanya okunjalo kancane kancane kuchitha imithombo ekhona ekhona ngaphambili. Ezitolo ezikhethekile ungathenga izinto ezihlukahlukene, ngokusekelwe ekukhanyeni kwe-LED, kusukela esitokisini esivamile kanye ne-LED emaphethini we- LED. Bonke bahlanganiswe iqiniso lokuthi ngokuxhumana kwabo kubalulekile ukuba ube ne-12 noma 24.

Ngokungafani neminye imithombo yokukhanyisa esebenzisa isici sokushisa, i-crystal semiconductor isetshenziswa lapha, edala imisebe yokukhanya ngaphansi kwethonya lamanje.

Ukuze uqonde uhlelo lokushintshela ama-LED kwinethiwekhi ye-220V, umuntu kufanele kuqala kuqala ukuthi angeke akondle ngqo kusuka kunethiwekhi enjalo. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisana nama-LED, udinga ukulandela ukulandelana okuthile kokuxhuma kwinethiwekhi ephezulu yamandla.

Izakhiwo zikagesi ze-LED

I-current-voltage isici se-LED iyinhlangano eqondile. Lokhu kungukuthi, uma i-voltage yanda okungenani kancane, okwamanje kuzodla ngokuphawulekayo, lokhu kuzobangela ukuthi i-LED idlulele bese ishisa. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kubalulekile ukufaka ukumelana okukhawulayo esifundeni.

Kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa mayelana nomthamo ophezulu ongavumelekile we-LEDs we-20 V. Futhi uma uxhumeke kwinethiwekhi ene-polarity ehlukile, uzothola ukuphakama kwamandla angu-315 volts, okungukuthi, izikhathi ezingu-1,41 ngaphezu kweyodwa. Iqiniso liwukuthi okwamanje kwinethiwekhi ku-volts engu-220 iyashintsha, futhi izoqala ukuya kwesinye isiqondiso, bese ubuyela emuva.

Ukuze uvimbele okwamanje ukuba uhambe ohambeni oluhlukile, i-LED yokushintsha isifunda kufanele ibe yilezi ezilandelayo: i-diode ixhunywe kwisifunda. Ngeke aphuthelwe umthamo we-reverse. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuxhumeka kufanele kube okufanayo.

Olunye uhlelo lokushintshela i-LED engxenyeni engu-220 volt ukufaka ama-LED amabili ngendlela ehlukile.

Ngokuqondene nokunikezwa kwamandla avela kwinethiwekhi ene-quenching resistor, lokhu akuyona indlela engcono kakhulu. Ngoba ukumelana kuzokhipha amandla anamandla. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa ukumelana okungama-24 kΩ, amandla okusabalalisa cishe ama-watts angu-3. Uma i-diode ixhunyiwe ngochungechunge, amandla ayoba ngesigamu. I-voltage ephindaphindiwe e-diode kufanele ilingane no-400 V. Uma ama-LED amabili aphikisayo evuliwe, izimpikiswano ezimbili zama-watt zingafakwa. Ukumelana kwabo kufanele kube yingxenye enkulu. Lokhu kungenzeka, uma esimweni esisodwa kukhona amakristalu amabili emibala ehlukene. Ngokujwayelekile i-crystal eyodwa ibomvu, enye iluhlaza.

Uma kwenzeka ukusetshenziselwa ukumelana kuka-200 kΩ, ukutholakala kwe-diode evikelayo akudingeki, ngoba okwamanje endleleni yokubuya incane futhi ngeke kubangele ukuthi i-crystal iphule. Leli hlelo lokufaka ama-LED enethiwekhi linomsebenzi owodwa - ukukhanya okuncane kwe-isibani sokukhanya. Kungasetshenziswa, isibonelo, ukukhanyisa inkinobho yangaphakathi.

Ngenxa yokuthi okwamanje kunethiwekhi kunokuhluka, lokhu kugwema ukungcola okungadingekile kukagesi ukushisa umoya ngokumelana nokunciphisa. I-capacitor ilawula lo msebenzi. Ngemuva kwalokho konke, kudlula i-alternate yamanje futhi ayisishintshi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngokusebenzisa i-capacitor kokubili isigamu-imijikelezo yenethiwekhi kufanele idlule, ukuze ikwazi ukudlulisa okwamanje. Futhi njengoba i-LED iqhuba okwamanje kuphela, kufanelekile ukubeka i-diode evamile (noma ngisho ne-LED eyengeziwe) eqhathaniswa ne-LED. Khona-ke uzolahlekelwa isigamu sesigamu sesibili.

Uma uhlelo lokushintshela i-LED ku-inethiwekhi ye-220 volt luvaliwe, kuyoba ne-voltage kwi-capacitor. Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuphakama okugcwele kwe-315 V. Lokhu kusongelwa ukushaqeka kwamanje. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka, ngokungeziwe kwesikhulu, ukumelana nokukhishwa kwamandla okuphezulu, lapho kwenzeka ukukhishwa kwinethiwekhi kuzokhipha ngokushesha i-capacitor. Ngalokhu ukumelana, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwayo evamile, ukuhamba kwamanje kancane, hhayi ukushisa.

Ukuze uvikele ngokumelene nokushaja umfutho wamanje futhi njengendlela yokufiphaza, faka ukumelana okuphansi kokumelana. I-capacitor kumele ibe yikhethekile, eyenzelwe isifunda nge-alternate yamanje okungenani engu-250 V, noma i-400 V.

Uhlelo lokushintshwa kwe-LED ngokulandelanayo luhilela ukufakwa kwe-bulb ekhanyayo evela kuma-LED amaningi, axhunyiwe ngochungechunge. Kulesi sibonelo, i-counter diode eyodwa iyanele.

Njengoba i -voltage ewela ngaphesheya kwe-resistor iyoba yilapho ingaphansi, khona-ke amanani amanani awela ngaphansi kwama-LED kufanele athathwe ekunikezeni amandla.

Kuyadingeka ukuthi i-diode efakwe yenzelwe i-current efana neyamanje edlula kuma-LED, futhi i-voltage eguqukayo kufanele ilingane nesamba semikhawulo ye-LED. Kungcono ukusebenzisa inombolo ye-LED futhi uxhumane nabo emuva nangaphezulu.

Ngethungeni elilodwa kungaba khona ama-LED angaphezu kweyishumi. Ukuze ubala i-capacitor, udinga ukukhipha emotweni ophakeme wenethiwekhi 315 V isamba sehla ye-voltage yama-LED. Ngenxa yalokho, siyazi inani lezintambo ezidonsa ngaphesheya kwekhono.

Amaphutha wokuxhuma kwe-LED

• Iphutha lokuqala ngukuthi i-LED ixhunyiwe ngaphandle kwemingcele, ngqo emthonjeni. Kulokhu, i-LED izohluleka ngokushesha, ngenxa yokungabi namandla okulawula ukuphakama kwamanje.
• Iphutha lesibili ukuxhuma kumelana okuvamile kwama-LED afakwe ku-parallel. Ngenxa yokuthi kukhona ukusakazeka kwemingcele, ukukhanya kokushisa kwama-LED kuzohluka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma enye ye-LED ihluleka, ukwanda kwamanje kwe-LED yesibili kuzokwenzeka, okungabangela ukuba kuphele. Ngakho, uma usebenzisa ukumelana okulodwa, udinga ukuxhuma ama-LED ochungechungeni. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi amanje ahlale efana lapho ebala ukumelana futhi ahlangane ne-voltage ye-LEDs.
• Iphutha lesithathu ngukuthi ama-LED, aklanyelwe ama-currents ahlukene, axhunyiwe ochungechungeni. Lokhu kubangela ukuba omunye wabo ashise buthakathaka, noma ngokuphambene nalokho - ukusebenzela ukugqoka.
• Iphutha lesine ukusetshenziswa komphikisi, ongenamandla okulingana. Ngenxa yalokhu, okwamanje okugeleza nge-LED kuyoba mkhulu kakhulu. Eminye yamandla, ene-voltage overestimated, iphenduka ukushisa, okubangelwa ukushisa kwe-crystal nokunciphisa okukhulu ekuphileni kwayo yesevisi. Isizathu salokhu yiziphambeko ku-crystal lattice. Uma i-voltage yanda nakakhulu, futhi ukuhlangana kwe-p-n kuyashisa, lokhu kuzoholela ekunciphiseni isivuno se-quantum yangaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhanya kwe-LED kuzokwehlisa futhi i-crystal izobhujiswa.
• Iphutha lesihlanu ukufakwa kwe-LED ku-220V, isifunda esilula kakhulu, lapho kungabikho ukukhishwa kwamandla kagesi. I-voltage ephezulu evumelekile eguquguqukayo yama-LED amaningi cishe angaba ngu-2 V, futhi umthamo womjikelezo we-half reverse uthinta ukwehla kwamandla, okulingana ne-voltage supply lapho i-LED ivaliwe.
• Isizathu sesithupha ukusetshenziswa kombono onamandla akhe akwanele. Lokhu kuvuselela ukushisa okunamandla kokumelana nenqubo yokuqeda ukugxila okuthinta izintambo zayo. Khona-ke upende luqala ukushisa futhi ukubhujiswa kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa okuphezulu. Konke ngoba ukumelana kukhipha amandla kuphela okwaklanyelwe.

Uhlelo lokushintsha i-LED enamandla

Ukuxhuma ama-LED amandla aphakeme, udinga ukusebenzisa abaguquleli be-AC / DC, abanokukhishwa kwamanje okuqinisiwe. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukugwema ukusetshenziswa komshini wokushayela noma ukuhlanganiswa kwesiphathi sezindiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, singafinyelela ukuxhumeka okulula kwama-LED, ukusetshenziswa okunethezeka kwesistimu nokunciphisa izindleko.

Ngaphambi kokushintsha ama-LED amandla wamandla, qiniseka ukuthi axhunyiwe kumthombo wamandla. Ungaxhunyiwe uhlelo kumandla kagesi angaphansi kwe-voltage, ngaphandle kwalokho izolimaza ama-LED.

Ama-diode okukhanya okukhanyayo 5050. Izimpawu. Umdwebo wokuxhumeka

Ama-diode akhanyayo afaka phakathi ama- SMD ama-LED . Ngokuvamile zijwayele ukukhanyisa izinkinobho efonini ephathekayo noma nge-strip LED ehlobisa.

Ama-LEDs 5050 (ubukhulu bohlobo: 5 kuya ku-5 mm) yimithombo yemithombo ye-semiconductor, i-voltage eqondile yayo eyi-1.8-3.4 V, futhi umthamo owedlule we-crystal ngayinye ifika ku-25 mA. Ukucaca kwama LED SMD 5050 ukuthi ukuklama kwawo kuhlanganisa amakristalu amathathu, okuvumela i-LED ukuba ikhishwe imibala eminingana. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-RGB-LEDs. Umzimba wabo wenziwe ngepulasitiki engenawo ukushisa. I-diffusion lens iyabonakala futhi igcwele i-epoxy resin.

Ukuze ama-LEDs 5050 asebenze isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, kumele axhumeke kumanani wokumelana ochungechungeni. Ukuze kube nokwethembeka okukhulu kwesifunda, kungcono ukuxhuma ukumelana okuhlukile kwesifunda ngasinye.

Amasu okuvumela ama-LED akhanyayo

I-LED ekhanyayo iyisimo sokukhanya esikhipha ukukhanya lapho i- generator ye-pulse ehlangene ihlanganisiwe . Ukuvama kwamalangayo kuvela ku-1.5 ukuya ku-3 Hz.

Naphezu kokuthi i-LED ekhanyayo ihlangene ngokwanele, iqukethe i-generator chip generator kanye nezinto ezengeziwe.

Ngokuqondene ne-voltage ye-LED ekhanyayo, iyinto yonke futhi ingahluka. Isibonelo, i-high-voltage yi-voltage engu-Z-14, kanye ne-low voltage 1.8-5 volts.

Ngakho-ke, ezimeni ezinhle ze-LEDs ezikhazimulayo, ngaphandle kobukhulu obuncane nokuhlanganiswa kwedivaysi yokukhanyisa ukukhanya, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemitha evumelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingaba nemibala ehlukahlukene.

Kwezinye izinhlobo zama-LED ezikhanyayo, zakhiwa ama-LED ama-3 ahlukene anemibala lapho izikhathi ze-flash zihlukile.

I-LED ekhanyayo nayo ibuye ibe nezomnotho. Iqiniso liwukuthi isisetshenziswa se-elektroniki sokushintshwa kwe-LED senziwa kwi-MOS-izakhiwo, ngenxa yokuthi ukukhanya kwe-diode kungashintsha i-unit ehlukile yokusebenza. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, ama-LED akhanyayo avame ukusetshenziswa emadivaysi ahlanganisiwe adinga ukuba khona kwezinto ezincane zomsakazo.

Esikhathini somdwebo, ama-LED afakazelayo aboniswa ngendlela efanayo nalabo abajwayelekile, ngaphandle kokuthi imigqa yemicibisholo ayiyona nje imigqa eqondile, kodwa imigqa enezinhlamvu. Ngakho zifanekisela ukukhanya kwe-LED.

Ngomzimba obala we-LED ekhanyayo, kungabonakala ukuthi uqukethe izingxenye ezimbili. Lapho, ekugcineni okungekho emkhakheni we-cathode, kukhona i-crystal ye-light-emitting diode, futhi ku-terminal ye-anode kune-chip generator.

Zonke izingxenye zaleli divayisi zixhunywe nge-wireless jumpers ezintathu zegolide. Ukuhlukanisa i-LED ekhanyayo kusuka ejwayelekile, kwanele ukubuka icala elibonakalayo ekukhanyeni. Lapho ungabona ama-substrates amabili asayizi ofanayo.

Ku-substrate eyodwa kukhona i-cube ekristalline ye-emitter yokukhanya. Iqukethe i-alloy yomhlaba engavamile. Ukuze ukwandise uketshezi olukhanyayo nokugxila, kanye nokubunjwa kwephethini lokushisa, kusetshenziswe umbukiso we-aluminium ebonakalayo. Lokhu kuboniswa ku-LED ekhanyayo kunesayizi encane kunesivamile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi engxenyeni yesibili yecala kukhona i-substrate ene microcircuit ehlanganisiwe.

Phakathi kwala ma-substrates amabili kuhanjiswa ngamabhuloho amabili e-golden wire. Ngokuqondene ne-LED ekhanyayo, ingenziwa noma ivela kumaplastiki okukhanya okungafaniyo noma e-plastic transparent.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-emitter e-LED ekhanyayo ayikho emkhatsini wokulinganisa kwecala, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kokukhanyisa okufanako kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa umhlahlandlela wokukhanya we-monolithic wembala.

Ukuba khona kwebala elibonakalayo kungatholakala kuphela ekukhanyeni ama-LED amakhulu-amancane, anephethini elincane eliqondayo.

I-high-frequency master oscillator iqukethe i-generator LED ekhanyayo. Ukusebenza kwalo kuhlale njalo, futhi imvamisa ingaba ngu-100 kHz.

Kanye ne-generator high-frequency, i-divider ezakhiweni ze-logic nayo isebenza. Futhi, ibuye ihlukanise imvamisa ephezulu kuze kufike ku-1,5-3 Hz. Isizathu sokusebenza okuhlangene kwe-generator high-frequency nehlukanisa imvamisa yukuthi ukusebenza komkhiqizi ophansi we-frequency kuyadingeka ukuba ube ne-capacitor nge-capacitance enkulu kunazo zonke zesifunda sokubeka isikhathi.

Ukuletha imvamisa ephezulu ku-1-3 Hz kudinga ukuba khona kwabathengisi ngezici ezinengqondo. Futhi zingasetshenziswa kalula endaweni encane ye crystal semiconductor. Esikhathini se-semiconductor substrate, ngaphezu komhlukanisi kanye nomphathi we-high-frequency generator, kukhona i-diode evikelayo kanye nenkinobho ye-elekthronikhi. Ukumelana okukhawulelwe kwakha ama-LED aqhakazile, alinganiswa ngombane we-voltage ka-3 kuya ku-12.

I-Low-voltage LED flashing

Ngokuqondene ne-low-voltage LEDs flashing, abanalo ukumelana okulinganiselwe. Uma ukunikezwa kwamandla kuguqulwa, i-diode evikelayo iyadingeka. Kudingekile ukuze kuvinjelwe i-chip ukuthi ihluleke.

Ukuthi umsebenzi we-high-voltage LEDs flashing wawuyisikhathi eside futhi wahamba ngokushelela, umthamo wokunikezela awufanele udlule u-9 volts. Uma i-voltage ikhuphuka, amandla alahlekile we-LED ekhanyayo azokhula, okuzoholela ekushiseni kwe-crystal semiconductor. Ngemva kwalokho, ngenxa yokushisa okwedlulele, ukuchithwa kwe-LED ekhanyayo kuzoqala.

Uma kudingekile ukuhlola isimo se-LED ekhanyayo, ukuze uyenze ngokuphepha, ungasebenzisa ibhetri ye-4.5 volt kanye ne-51 ohm resistor exhunywe uchungechunge nge-LED. Amandla omelana kufanele abe okungenani 0.25 W.

Ukufakwa kwama-LED

Ukufakwa kwe-LED kuyinkinga ebaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ihlobene ngqo nokusebenza kwayo.

Njengoba ama-LED namapayipi abathandi ukugxiliswa kwe-statics nokushisa, kudingekile ukugoqa izingxenye ngokushesha, kungakapheli imizuzwana emihlanu. Kulesi simo, udinga ukusebenzisa amandla aphansi e-soldering iron. Ukushisa kwe-sting akumele kudlule ama-260 degrees.

Uma u-soldering, ungasebenzisa futhi i-tweezer yezokwelapha. Ama-pipeline aphonsela i-LED eduze nezindlu, ukuze uma kukhishwa, ukushisa okushisayo okuvela ku-crystal kuyadalwa. Emilenzeni ye-LED ayizange iphule, akudingeki igobe kakhulu. Kumele bahlale behambisana nomunye nomunye.

Ukuze ugweme ukulayisha ngokweqile noma ukuhambisa okwesikhashana, idivayisi kufanele inikezwe nge-fuse.

Umdwebo wokushintsha ngokushelela kwama-LED

Ukushayela ngokushelela nokuhlala nokusukuma esihlalweni LED - ethandwa phakathi kwabanye, kube nesithakazelo imoto abanikazi abafuna tune izimoto zabo. Leli cebo isetshenziswa ukuze azenze zikhanye wezangaphakathi imoto. Kodwa lokhu akulona ukusebenzisa kwayo kuphela. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza amakha kwezinye izindawo.

Simple ezithambile isiqalo wesifunda LED kufanele kuqukathe Transistor, capacitor, resistors ezimbili futhi LED. Udinga eyolanda resistors ezifana zamanje sinciphisa, okuyinto ingakwazi ukuthwala samanje 20 ma ngokusebenzisa ngamunye string LED.

Ukushayela ngokushelela nokuhlala nokusukuma esihlalweni LED ngeke ephelele ngaphandle ukuba khona capacitor. Kuvumela wakhe ukuqoqa. I Transistor kufanele kube pnp-isakhiwo. A zamanje ngalendoda akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-100 ma. Uma Isikimi ezithambile isiqalo LED ababebuthene kahle, isibonelo ukukhanyisa imoto ingaphakathi 1 yesibili kuyoba ezithambile isiqalo LED, futhi ngemva kokuvala umnyango - ukuvala shaqa bushelelezi.

Kushintshana ku LED. uhlelo

Omunye imiphumela ukukhanyisa nge LED sika yanjalo ukufakwa yabo. Kubhekiselwa kuye ngokuthi umlilo ukugijima. Isebenza isikimu kwamandla ezizimele. Ukuze imiklamo wakhe wasebenzisa inkinobho ezivamile enikezela ngamandla yanjalo ngayinye LED.

Cabanga idivayisi ehlanganisa chips amabili futhi transistors eziyishumi, okuyinto ndawonye bakha okuyinhloko oscillator, ukulawula nangenkomba uqobo. aka esiphikisayo wedesimali kusuka ekhishwa ishayela master oscillator is adluliselwe ku-control unit. Khona-ke, voltage lisetshenziswa kumila Transistor futhi ivula ke. I anode we LED ixhunywe omuhle amandla umthombo, okuholela luminescence.

Ingqikithi yesibili edonsa iyunithi okunengqondo okukhishwayo esilandelayo counter, futhi owedlule voltage low futhi oyovala Transistor, lapho LED iyavala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bonke zenzeka ukulandelana efanayo.