Ukulingana komthengi ekhadini lokungakhathaleli ... Izici zokubunjwa kwephuzu lokulinganisa

Umnotho yisayensi eqondile. Ngakho-ke, iningi lemingcele efundwe ngenqubo yokwazi into into elula ukuyiqonda ngesimo samagrafu nemifanekiso. Elinye ipharamitha efana nalezi yi-curve yokunganaki kanye namaphuzu ayo amakhulu abonisa ukuziphatha kwabathengi. Izici zalokhu kusebenza zikhonjiswa ngendlela elula kakhulu.

Ukuziphatha komthengi kunqunywe kanjani?

Ukuze uthole ukuthi yini ukulingana komthengi kumephu yokunganaki, le ncazelo kufanele ihlaziywe ngegama ngalinye.

Noma imuphi umthengisi ngokuzethemba uzokubiza izinto ezintathu eziyinhloko eziveza ukuziphatha komthengi ongakwazi ukuthenga. Lokhu kubaluleka kokuthengwa, ukubaluleka kwayo kanye nenzuzo yomthengi. Njengoba umthengi nokuthenga kwakhe yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kunoma iyiphi inethiwekhi yokuhweba, ake sicabangele lezi zici ngokuningiliziwe.

Utility yisici esibonisa ikhono lomkhiqizo noma isevisi ukwanelisa isidingo somuntu. Le parameter ingahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili:

• Umbuso jikelele - ulinganisa zonke izimfanelo eziwusizo zazo zonke izimpahla ezikhethiwe;
• Umbuso ophansi - ubhala izimfanelo eziwusizo zeyunithi ngayinye yomkhiqizo.

Zombili imingcele ihlinzeka isisekelo sokuqonda okushiwo ukulinganisela komthengi kumephu ongathandeki. Leli nani linqunywe kusukela eqinisweni lokuthi insizakalo yesamba nesibambiso ihlobene nomunye nomunye. Ukwandiswa kokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo owodwa kwandisa insiza yayo yonke, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuncane kunciphisa.

Lo mthetho uyaziwa kakhulu kwabomnotho nabathengisi. Ezincwadini zokufunda, kubizwa ngokuthi umthetho wokunciphisa amandla okusebenza.

Izibonelo ezilula

Ibukeka kanjani ngokusebenza? Kulula kakhulu. Ake sithi awunayo imoto yokudlala. Uhlela ukuwuthengisa, futhi ngenxa yalokhu, hlola isiphakamiso ngasinye esithakazelisayo. Kuwe kunesisetshenziswa esiphezulu sezinto ezisemkhatsini - kuningi kakhulu oyifunayo, futhi okuncane kakhulu. Kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho uthenge imoto, isidingo sokuba amaconsi alandelayo ahlasele. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa komkhawulo womshini njengeyunithi yezimpahla kukuwa, futhi inani - ukwanda.

Izintandokazi zabathengi

Kusukela enkulumweni yombuso, kufanele sithole ukuthi sisho ukuthini leli gama. Kunemigomo eminingi yokunquma lo mqondo. Omunye wabo u-ordinal, uhlola amasethi wezimpawu ezihlukahlukene zomkhiqizo kusukela ekubukeni komthengi. Ukuze usebenzise le ndlela, kusetshenziswa amasethi amabili asetshenziswe ngokufanayo kumthengi. Konke ukusetha ngesevisi efanayo kufakwa ngokucacile usebenzisa ijika elinganandaba. Leli ijika libizwa ngenxa yezimfanelo ezinikeziwe nezindleko, le mikhiqizo izoba ekhangayo kumthengi futhi, ekugcineni, akunandaba ukuthi ukukhetha kokugcina kuyoba yini. Ukuze uthole into eyodwa, iphuzu lokulinganisa alikwazi ukukhethwa: izimpahla ezingaphezulu zihlanganyela esampheni, kunembile kakhulu idatha yezintambo ezinganandaba.

Amashadi nemisebenzi

Ngokubukeka, ijika lokunganandaba kwigrafu liboniswa kanje:

Ama-curve ahlambulukile, atholakala ku-axis ehambisanayo ye-ordinates, bonisa izintandokazi zamakhasimende angakhona uma uthenga umkhiqizo othize. Lezi zindwangu zinempahla ethile, okungukuthi:

• Ephakeme nangakwesokudla ijika, kungenzeka ukuthi umthengi ukhethe lokhu kusetshenziswe okunenzuzo;
• Zonke izintambo ezinganandaba nazo zibhekwa ngokungahambi kahle. Uma ngabe kunoma yikuphi ukuzuzisa kuyeke ukuba kube njalo, emehlweni omthengi ezinye izimpahla zezimpahla nazo zishintsha izindawo zabo;
• I-curves ayiphambisani nanini.

Iqoqo lezintambo lichaza imephu yokunganaki.

Kuyini ukulingana komthengi?

Incazelo yokulingana ihlobene ngokuqondile nezinto ezibonakalayo zomthengi ongenakho. Ngeshwa, kumthengi ngamunye imingcele yezintandokazi ikhona endaweni yesabelomali.

Uma umthengi enemali engenayo ngama-D amayunithi, lapho angakhokha khona izimfanelo zezimpahla A no-B, inani elilingana no-St _a no-St _, khona-ke isithintelo sesabelomali singabalwa ngefomula:

D = St _i- A × A + St _ku- × B;

Umugqa wesabelomali ekhadini lokunganaki ubeka inhlanganisela yazo zonke izici zezimpahla ezitholakalayo kumthengi ngezinga elinikeziwe nezinga lokuthola imali. Ukukhula kwimali engenayo yomthengi kushintsha umugqa webhajethi kuya kwesokudla - izimpahla eziningi zifinyeleleka kakhulu. Ukudonsa imali engenayo kushukumisela umugqa wesabelomali ngakwesobunxele kwigrafu. I-intersection yomugqa wesabelomali kanye nekhasi lokunganaki kuzonikeza inani elisha, elibizwa ngokuthi umthengi omkhulu. I-optimum ihlobene ngokuqondile nomlinganiso wabathengi kumephu engenandaba. Iyini le nzuzo, futhi ingafakwa kanjani ekusebenzeni?

Njengoba igama libonisa ukuthi, iphuzu lokunganaki libonisa umbono womuntu siqu, wokuzithoba komthengi mayelana nezinzuzo zalo mkhiqizo kanye nokuzimisela ukuwuthenga. Ukulingana komthengi kumephu yokunganaki yindawo yokuthintana nekhasi "elingenandaba" ngamathuba okubhajethi ngqo. Yonke imikhakha ekhona egrafu elingenhla futhi ngakwesokudla iphuzu lokungazinaki ngeke libe nesithakazelo kumthengi ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi ukuthola lezi zimpahla kunqunyelwe imali engenayo. Ngakho-ke, singathola incazelo elula: ukulingana komthengi ekhadini lokunganaki yizinga elilinganiselwe lezimpawu zomkhiqizo kanye nentengo yalo, lapho umthengi ongase akwazi khona ukuthenga khona ngempela.

Yini ukuhlaziywa komlinganiso wabathengi kuboniswa?

Lolu lwazi luhlobene ngokuqondile nendlela umlingani womthengi echazwe ngayo imephu engenandaba. Lena ingenye yamaphuzu aphambili eshadi, eyenzelwe ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kokudayiswa kwamanje. Umthengisi, owenza ukubaluleka kwezimpahla zomsebenzisi wokugcina, kufanele aqonde ngokunembile ukuthi ukulingana komthengi kumephu engathinteki. Leli gugu liyisiqondiso esihle kakhulu sokulinganisa kwentengo yomkhiqizo noma isevisi.

Ibhalansi yabathengi ekhadini lokunganaki yikhono lokunquma ngokufanele inani lempahla yokuthengisa elibonakalayo futhi ubale isitoko sezinto ezidingekayo, uma nje ukuhlinzekwa kwalo mkhiqizo kungekho. Ngakho-ke, kusukela kumqondo wesayensi ongabonakali, iphuzu lokulinganisa umthengi libe yithuluzi eliphumelelayo ongakwazi ukubala ukuziphatha komthengi nokwandisa ukuthengisa.