Izinkinga zokuhlenga abantu nokuzibandakanya kwemfundo

Iqiniso lokuthi umphakathi wanamuhla waseRussia udinga imodeli entsha eyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlonza imfundo, abalobi abaningi bathi. Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwekhadineli ohlelweni lwezemfundo kazwelonke, ukunqoba inkinga yezenhlalakahle nezomnotho akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokufakwa ngokugcwele kwalolu hlelo emphakathini wokuphila komkhuba.

Kuyini ukuhlaziywa kwabantu nokuzibandakanya kwabantu ngokujwayelekile?

Kuze kube manje, ukuthuthukiswa kwemfundo yanamuhla kubonisa ukuthambekela kokuzibandakanya kwabantu kuphela. Imibono yokuhlenga abantu kanye nokuzibandakanya kwabantu, ecaciswa yizinkinga zemali, kuleli khulu leminyaka liye lazuza ukuphuthuma okukhulu. Ngendlela, abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi le migomo ivela ezincwadini njengeyunithi elinganayo. Naphezu kokusondelana okukhulu, kunezinhlobo eziningi phakathi kwabo.

Ekhuluma ngokuzibandakanya kwezemfundo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ngaleli gama hhayi kuphela ukufakazelwa komuntu ebuhlotsheni phakathi kwezihloko zesistimu, kodwa futhi nokubaluleka kokuqondiswa kwezimiso zokuziphatha eziyinhloko. Ukuhlonishwa, ukuhlonipha, unembeza, umthwalo wemfanelo, usizo, ubulungiswa nezinye izinto eziningi kufanele kube yimigomo eyisisekelo yenqubo yokufundisa abantu.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela isidingo sokungena emkhakheni wesiqondiso somsizi ekufundeni kwe-semantic hhayi kuphela isayensi yokuqondisa umphakathi. Ukuhlanjululwa kwemfundo ephakeme yezobuchwepheshe kanye nesayensi yemvelo kusho ukuqaliswa emsebenzini wokuqeqeshwa wezobuchwepheshe kunoma iyiphi indawo, impilo yansuku zonke yabantu, nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Inkinga, ngenxa yokuthi ukwamukelwa kwale nqubo ngumphakathi waseRussia kunzima, ukuqonda kwawo njengabantu njengolwazi olulinganiswa nolwazi oluqondile lomuntu. Ngempela, empeleni, imfundo yobuntu ihlanganisa kokubili inkolelo namakhono okwenza imisebenzi ngokusekelwe kolwazi olutholiwe lwemithwalo, nokukhiqiza kwabo.

Kungani kudingekile ukuthi kusetshenziswe inqubo yokwenza abantu?

Ngendlela, akubona wonke umuntu oqonda ukuthi ukufundiswa kwemfundo kuhloswe ekubunjweni kokuziphatha nokubekezela okubhekene namaphuzu okungafani nakwezinye izimo zokuphila. Okokuqala, kungakhuthaza ukuvuleka futhi kube nabantu ukuvuselela umsebenzi wezingqondo.

Okwesibili, ukuthambekela kokufundiswa kwezemfundo yanamuhla ukudala igobolondo lemvelo. Lezi zimbono ezimbili ziseduze kakhulu komunye nomunye, kusukela ukuphakama kwemicabango, ukugqugquzela okuthandayo kwezenzo kanye nezifiso zomuntu siqu kufana nalokho kokubili. Imfundo yobuntu inikela ekunqobeni ukuhlukaniswa kwabantu, okuyimbangela eyinhloko yemiphumela eminingi engalungile yomphakathi.

Okwesithathu, ukuhlaziywa kwabantu nokufundiswa kwemfundo emfundweni ephakeme kusiza ekufundeni noma yikuphi ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nokuqonda amakhono ayo. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kuthinta imisebenzi yongcweti, obhekene nokusebenza kwemisebenzi yokuphatha.

Ukungaphumeleli kokuntuleka kokucabanga kwabantu

Uma sicabangela izikole ezincane nezesibili, khona-ke isidingo sokuqaliswa ngokujulile kokuqhutshwa kwemfundo emisebenzini yokufundisa nokukhuphula izikhungo kungalungiswa yilo lonke uhlu lwezizathu ezinzima. Njengombuso waseRussia, njengamanye eminye imibuso yezwe, ukukhula okungenakulinganiswa kokuthandwa kobudlova nokuziphatha okubi kuqhubekela phambili, kuphela ukujwayela ekuziphatheleni kwabantu ngokubambisana kuzosiza ekubhekaneni nalezi zifo zomuntu wonke jikelele. Ngokuvamile, ukuziphatha kwama-asocial ezimweni eziningi kungumphumela womthelela wezobuchwepheshe, ezombusazwe, ezomthetho, ezokuziphatha nezokuziphatha nezengqondo.

Kunelungelo lokusho ukuthi izinkinga ezinjalo zokuhlenga abantu kanye nokuzibandakanya kwemfundo njengezithiyo zokukhulisa ngokwanele, ngenxa yokutholakala kwemikhuba yokugunyaza, izindlela kanye namasiko ekusebenzeni kwesistimu, nazo zizenza zizizwele. Isibonelo, izikhungo eziningi zemfundo ezisemaphandleni ziqeqesha ochwepheshe bezintambo ezincane "uhlobo lokucabanga olulodwa". Bayazikhandla ukwenza imisebenzi eyodwa-yezinyathelo ezimbalwa zokuma ngobuchwepheshe, ngaphandle kokuya ngaphesheya kwemingcele yomongo jikelele walokhu noma lowo mkhakha.

Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izimbangela zokuvela kwezinkinga nezinkinga emnothweni, ezombusazwe, ezemvelo, ezingxenyeni zomphakathi ukuhluleka kwabaphothule amanyuvesi amanje ukuba bacabange ngokuhlukile.

Imiphumela emibi yentuthuko yesayensi yezobuchwepheshe

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukufunwa okuphezulu kanye nezindlela ezihamba phambili ekusetshenzisweni kwenqubo yokuhlenga abantu kuhlotshaniswa nenengozi enkulu yokwakhiwa kwendawo yonke yezakhiwo ezintsha zesayensi nezokusebenza. Kulesi simo, kunamathuba amakhulu okusebenzisa ulwazi lwempumelelo ekuphikeleni intuthuko yabantu yanamuhla. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakunjani, futhi ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa kokomoya, kokuziphatha nokuqondiswa kwezakhamuzi zomphakathi wanamuhla, akukho ukukhula kwezobuchwepheshe, noma ukukhiqizwa komsebenzi okuncintisana kakhulu, noma ukuvela komuntu onokwethenjelwa nenjongo kungenzeka.

Ukuphikisa ukuthi ukuzibandakanya kwabantu kanye nokuhlaziywa kwamuntu kuyizinhlangothi ezimbili zomunye owodwa obizwa ngokuthi "inqubo yokufundisa". Ngaphandle kwale mibono, ngeke kube lula ukuhlinzeka kabusha kabusha isakhiwo somphakathi kanye nesistimu yonke yezemfundo.

UJ. Friedman, umfundisi owaziwa kakhulu kanye nochwepheshe emkhakheni wezenhlalakahle, wathi phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule ukuthi inqubekela phambili kanye nemikhakha yezobuchwepheshe kuthinta ingqondo, ukucabanga okungacabangi, ukucindezela isinyathelo nokuqeda umqondo wemfanelo. Amashini namarobhothi afika esikhundleni sokuthatha izenzo ezilula zomuntu, ngokusho kwakhe, adilize isisekelo sosizo.

Ukulwa nesenzo esingenakuphikisana sobuchwepheshe ezintweni ezingokomoya, ezokuziphatha nezenhlalo zomphakathi wanamuhla zingasebenzisa i-antidote. Ukuzihlonipha nokuhlanzeka kwemfundo yizona zindlela ezingavumeli ukuthi umthelela omubi wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe ukuguqula ubuntu. Imininingwane eyithakazelisayo yukuthi isazi senhlalo yabantu uFriedman satshele ngezikhathi zenkathi yakhe, hhayi ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe uzoba njani emva kwesikhathi sekhulu lesigamu.

Umehluko phakathi kweziqondiso ezimbili eziphambene nemfundo

Isithiyo esikhulu - ukungahambisani kwamasiko nobuchwepheshe - kusivimbela ukuqaliswa kwemisebenzi ehlelwe ezingeni elifanele. Ukuphikisana nokungafani kwezici eziyisisekelo kulezi zindawo kunomthelela ekwakheni izinhlobo ezingafani zokuqaphela, ukucabanga, ukuziphatha, imikhuba yokuziphatha, izinkambiso zokuziphatha ezinkampani, nezinye izinto eziningi.

Kuze kube manje, kunezimiso ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo lapho uhlelo lwamanje lwamfundo lukhona:

• Ukuqhubeka;
• Ukuzithoba;
• I-Internationalization;
• Ikhomishini;
• Ukuzibandakanya kwabantu.

Ukuqhubeka kusukela kumaphuzu alandelayo, kungaphawulwa ukuthi izindlela zokuthuthuka zesayensi nezokwenkambiso kanye nezibonakaliso zeziqondiso zomsizi zihlangene lapha. Uma okokuqala kudala ukuhlaselwa, ukulinganisa, ukubonwa okubonakalayo kwezinto, izenzakalo, imikhiqizo, imicabango, imizwa, njll, okwesibini kuyaqhubeka ngokuvumelana nokuthambekela kokulondoloza umuntu, hhayi ukuphindaphinda. Ngakho-ke kulula ukuphetha ngokuthi intuthuko yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe inomthelela omubi ekwenzeni usizo kohlelo lokufundisa.

Ibhizinisi nesintu: ukuphikisana nokubunzima

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukuxabana phakathi kwamasiko wobuntu kanye nobuchwepheshe akuyona nje into ehlukumezayo emphakathini kanye nezemfundo ikakhulukazi. Inkinga enzima ikhona ekungqubuzaneni phakathi kobuciko bobudlelwane bemakethe kanye nesici esibalulekile somqondo wobuntu njengokuziphatha. Abalobi abambalwa kuphela abaqaphela ukuthi emvelweni wokuhweba ukuhlala umuntu onesimo esiphakeme sezimfanelo zokuziphatha, ingokomoya nokubambisana kwabantu kunzima kakhulu.

Cabanga nje: indoda ehloniphekile nemakethe. Ingabe la maqondana amabili angahamba ngesandla? Imfihlo yokuphumelela emkhakheni wezobudlelwane emakethe isekelwe kumgomo olula: ukutshala izimali kancane nokuthola inzuzo eyengeziwe, njll. Nika kancane - thatha okuningi. Umuntu ohloniphekile, owazile futhi ohloniphekile, ngokuphambene nalokho, uzama ukuthobeka, anikeze kancane kancane ukuthatha. Wonke umuntu ngokuzikhethela ukhetha indlela yokuphila: ngokuziphatha noma ngengcebo.

Kodwa cishe, ukuqala ukugcinwa kokuziphatha nokuziphatha kwamuntu ebhizinisini kufanele kubuyekezwe ukuziphatha kwabaholi bamazwe.

Izizathu zokungakwazi ukuphefumula ngokugcwele nangokuzijabulisa

Kuze kube manje, abantu bezemfundo abaqhutshwa kahle emphakathini. Izimpawu zalokhu zimi kanje:

• Isidingo, isifiso kanye nesinyathelo sokuqaphela isiko lokusiza phakathi kwabantu abasha abasuke bengekho;
• Izinga lokubusa ngentando yeningi emkhakheni wezemfundo waseRussia liphansi kakhulu lapho kukhona ubukhulu bokuphikisana;
• Umsebenzi wethisha awuhloniphi, ngokuqondene nabafundi.

Ukuphindaphindiwe kwenziwa izifundo zezenhlalo kugcizelela ukuthambekela kwabangenele ukukhetha lezo zisebenzi njengengcweti, ummeli, i-accountant, umphathi. Ukukhuluma ngezici zobunjiniyela, abavame ukukhethwa, kepha uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe obuncane bokudokotela nodokotela, bafuna kakhulu. Ukwenqaba kwabantu ukuba banikezele ukuphila kwabo emkhakheni wezemfundo noma wezempilo kungachazwa kuphela isimo esingahle kulezi zinhlelo. Akusizi ngalutho ukukhuluma ngokuguqula izindlela eziyisisekelo zokuqaliswa kwezinsizakalo zemfundo nezempilo, uma ukwanda kwesimo senhlalakahle semisebenzi efanelekile kungenzeki.

Umlobi owaziwayo waseBelarusian uSaleksievich waphawula ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi, ngokombono wakhe, into eyisiwula kakhulu ukuthi abaphathi bezemfundo banganquma kuphela ukuqedwa kwezemfundo yabantu. Ngempela, kancane kancane emisebenzini yokufundisa nokusebenza yezikhungo eziphakeme zezemfundo emazweni ase-post-Soviet, kuhlanganise. Futhi iRussia, izinhlu eziphelele zokuqondiswa kwalesi siqondiso ziyaxoshwa noma, okungcono, amahora okutadisha abo anqunywe ngangokunokwenzeka.

Imiphumela yokungabi nalutho emkhakheni wezemfundo

Konke lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi emphakathini wanamuhla waseRashiya inkolo yolwazi nokuqeqeshwa ayikakhiwa. Ukuzihlonipha nokuzibandakanya kwemfundo njengendlela ehlomekile ngokuphelele ayikho indlela yokwethula ubuchwepheshe bezenhlalakahle, ukubaluleka okungenakuhlolwa kabusha.

Siyabonga, imfundo yokusiza abantu ithola ithuba lokubonisa izidingo nezintshisekelo zabahlanganyeli enkulumweni yokufunda. Ngenkathi ukungabi khona kwemigodi ephumelelayo ekusetshenzisweni komqondo wezemfundo nakanjani kuyoholela ekunqandeni ukugeleza kwabantu. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi oyinhloko okwazi ukusiza ekufezeni imiphumela ehambelana ichazwa - ukwakheka nokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe bezenhlalakahle nezokufundisa.

Kutjho ukuthini ukufundiswa kwemfundo kulula ukuyiqonda uma sicabangela indima yemvelo yomphakathi phakathi nale nqubo, njengoba uhlelo lwezemfundo luyisikhungo esibalulekile somphakathi. Kuze kube manje, ukubiza indawo enhle yomphakathi esimweni sethu, ukwethembeka, ulimi aluphenduki.

Ukungabi nesithakazelo kombuso ekufezeni abantu

I-Russia inokuningi okumele ifunde emazweni lapho izinto eziphathekayo nezokuziphatha zezinga lokuphila liwumyalo wokuphakama okukhulu. Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu aphucukile, umbono wokuthi ibhizinisi kanye nosomabhizinisi akubandakanyi nje ukuphishekela inzuzo, kodwa nokubandakanya umphakathi: ukukhathalela umuntu, ukunikeza induduzo, izimo zokuthuthukiswa, njll. Ngokuvamile, "inhlanzi iphuma ekhanda" Abacwaningi. Izikhungo zikahulumeni zokuphatha zibonisa umsebenzi wazo ngokubonisa ukuthi zingasindisa kubantu. Ukuxhaswa okukhulu kwezingxenye zomphakathi ezihlukahlukene, kubandakanya imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, isiko, njll, akuyona imfihlo kunoma ubani.

Kukhona isiphetho esisodwa kuphela: ikhono lomuntu alunakwa yizwe. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziywa kwabantu nokuhleleka kwezenhlalakahle kuvinjelwe ukungabi nabathengi abaqeqeshiwe. Izinqumo ezibalulekile zokuphatha zivame ukwenziwa yiziphathimandla eziphansi, okuyinto ngokwayo isongela ohlelweni olujwayelekile lomphakathi.

Ukuphazamiseka emphakathini

Ngenxa yokungabi namasu okuphumelela ekuqaliseni abantu ekufundiseni, ukuhlukunyezwa kwemvelo yomphakathi kuyisezingeni elibucayi. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa yinani eliphakeme leziboshwa emajele aseRussia. Amanani aphezulu phakathi kwabantu abadala kanye naphakathi kwentsha. Isizathu sezigebengu zezingane yukuntuleka kohlelo lokulwa nokuphuza utshwala, izinhlelo zokulwa nogwayi nokulwa nezidakamizwa kubantu abasha. Izingane ezineminyaka engama-10 kuya kwengu-14 zisengozini yokudonswa kwezidakamizwa. Abaningi babo bayazi ukuthi yiziphi iziphuzo ezinamandla ezidakayo, hhayi ngezwi lokuzwa.

Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala okulimazayo emzimbeni wengane kanye nomsebenzi wezobuchopho kwenza kube khona ukuhlukunyezwa nokubona okungenakwanele kwezwe ngumntwana. Njengomthetho, izingane ziqala ukuthatha utshwala nezidakamizwa, ziwela ngaphansi kwethonya elibi lesixuku esisha. Ukuze ugweme izithakazelo ezinjalo, abazali kufanele bakwazi ukuxhumanisa isikhathi nesithuba somntwana wabo nomntwana wabo siqu.

Ukuhlelwa kwemfundo yemfundo yesibili kuyisici esiyisixwayiso esengeziwe kubafundi. Bathi, bazibandakanye ekucwaningweni kweziyalo eziningi ezithakazelisayo, ngeke bafike engqondweni yokuchitha isikhathi enkampanini engafani nhlobo. Akukhona ngengozi ukuthi ukuhlakanipha kwabantu kuthiwa: "Zonke izinkinga ezivela ekungeneni."