Ukuguquguquka kwempilo we yisikhohliso isibindi. Isibindi yisikhohliso: isakhiwo

Uyini umjikelezo wokuphila kwe- the yisikhohliso isibindi? Lokhu flatworm iphathelene izimuncagazi flukes umndeni ukuthi libangele isifo sesibindi ezifana fascioliasis. Lesi sifo umphumela ukuxhumana inqwaba izimpethu beya esibindini noma Bile mapayipi. Sebawoti Lesisemkhatsini konke ezidla uhlaza, njengoba umthetho, lokhu kusebenza izinkomo. Amagciwane abangela izifo eziningi kuba ngenxa yezimvu. Ukuguquguquka kwempilo we yisikhohliso isibindi iqhathaniswa nezinye helminth kuyinqubo sasivumela eziyinkimbinkimbi, lapho omunye yenethiwekhi Lesisemkhatsini kungaba umnenke amanzi.

Ukuguquguquka kwempilo we yisikhohliso isibindi

Life amagciwane iqala esikhathini lapho, e elinegciwane womuntu isibindi Insikazi ibekela amaqanda okuyinto akhishwe esiqeshini biliary futhi excreted ngokwemvelo. Uma emanzini, ziba imibungu, kuyiphi izibungu ukuthuthukisa. Ukuguquguquka kwempilo we yisikhohliso isibindi kulesi sigaba sibandakanya Ukufuna aphethe Lesisemkhatsini ngesimo cochlea aqueous. Ukuthola isithwali efanelekayo, isibungu esiholela cercariae, okuyiwona isici isici kuba phambi nomsila ezinkulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo elikhulu, inqubo ukuthuthukiswa cochlea kungaqedwa esikhathini 5 kuya ku-7 amasonto.
Ngemva contact nezimila zasemanzini kwakheka at amagciwane izinhlumba ngokuthi metacercariae, okuyinto ngokungafani cercariae babe izindonga zangaphandle eqinile izinhlumba angaphila isikhathi eside endaweni zinomswakama. Uma udla ukudla izitshalo angenasawoti eluhlaza, bakwazi ukungena emzimbeni okomuntu noma isilwane. Ogangeni emathunjini, njengoba nje lenza sezinkomo tapeworm, isibindi yisikhohliso ingena phakathi komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu. Ukufinyelela kwesibindi, uqala ukondla amaseli ayo.
Iphuma nje kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngemva Ungowokuqala okuxhunyanwa naye nge amagciwane. Ngokuvamile, isibungu uchitha amasonto ambalwa ekudleni, khona-ke ihamba Amapayipi Bile, lapho kukhona ukuqhubeka yisikhohliso isibindi ukuze ukhule ngokugcwele. Ngesikhathi kungathatha cishe izinyanga ezintathu. Abadala zikhule ukuze mayelana 3 cm ubude futhi 1 cm ububanzi. Ngokocansi owesifazane ovuthiwe angakhiqiza kuze kufinyelele amaqanda 25,000 ngosuku.

Amagciwane ithelela isibindi

Iminyaka yasekuqaleni kwawo-ukutheleleka esiteji kungenziwa zingatholakalanga ukuhlolwa igazi amasotsha omzimba. Ngo ezingamahlalakhona esiteji of fascioliasis e ezinkulu Bile Amapayipi kwenzeka isibindi ukuvuvukala futhi isimiso we Bile uketshezi. Namuphi umphumela ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe kwesibindi Fluke emzimbeni womuntu? Nakuba izibungu uthuthe kubhekwa esigabeni acute ehlala amasonto ambalwa futhi kungafaka zimpawu ezilandelayo: isifo sohudo, eosinophilia, imfiva, ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza okungapheli. fascioliasis Okungalapheki libhekene intuthuko enenqubekela phambili izimpawu ezifana anemiya (kwehle abomvu cell count), ukuvuvukala ngenxa uketshezi olunqwabelene, iziyaluyalu wokugaya ukudla njengesifo sohudo noma ukuqunjelwa kanye cachexia (ukuzaca, kwesisindo, ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, ukungakuthandi ukudla nokunye).

amaqembu ingozi

Ukuguquguquka kwempilo we yisikhohliso isibindi sihlinzekela eziningi abathwali Lesisemkhatsini. Engozini kuyinto izinkomo, izimvu, izimbuzi, amahhashi, izinja, amakati, futhi abantu. Abamele flat izibungu yisinanakazana itholakala kuwo wonke umhlaba, iningi yazo izindawo olumanzi nge sezulu esipholile. Isibindi yisikhohliso - ke ingenye helminths ezivamile futhi eziyingozi ezithelela kwesibindi, ngokuvamile ukwaluka ruminants. Ezindaweni sendawo, izinga ukungcoliswa inyuka, igciwane esibulalayo izimvu. Yokudlanga kwesifo endaweni ethize kukhona sixhomeke kakhulu izimo imvelo sezulu, ezifana Lesisemkhatsini Sebawoti izindawo nezilwane ezincelisayo zasendle ubusika izinambuzane imvelo kanye nabanye. Amahhashi, izinja namakati kungabuye gciwane, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisemakhaya.

Ubungozi ukuze abantu

Ingabe umnikazi we isibindi Fluke ngesimo, isibonelo, i-inkomo elinegciwane, kube umthombo ukutheleleka ngomuntu? Ngokuvamile akunjalo. isilwane esigulayo akakwazi ukuthelela abantu, noma ngabe ngokuqondile ngokusebenzisa oxhumana naye noma uma zidle inyama, ubisi noma igazi, kanye ngokusebenzisa indle. Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo lokuhlola luye lwabonisa ukuthi abantu bangaba onegciwane ngu ukungenisa isibindi eluhlaza, bese ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi kwezicubu utheleleke nge izinambuzane esigabeni beya yentuthuko. Kungokufanayo uya okunakekelwa kwezilwane ezifuyiwe. Abantu ngokuvamile onakaliswe ngokusebenzisa ukungenisa amanzi angcolile ne cercariae. Kukholakala ukuthi izibungu omdala futhi amaqanda abo akuzona yingozi kubantu.

Isibindi yisikhohliso: isakhiwo

Abadala zinemizimba eyisicaba okusaqanda 3 cm eside futhi olubanzi 1.5 cm. amagciwane Color kuhluka pink-grey ukuze anemibala amnyama-bomvu. Ohlangothini ventral, kukhona izindebe ezimbili ukuncela. Umzimba ebusweni imbozwe eziningi spikes. izimpawu kwangaphandle elibangwa ukungakhulumi izingxenye. Ukuphela umlomo womphimbo, okuyinto tube kwemisipha elithatha ikhono ukuncela.
Uhlelo kokudla eyodwa emaceleni, ngaphandle ingquza, okungukuthi kuvulwa kuphela emlonyeni), kodwa branched, ephela ngo a Amapayipi ambalwa abayizimpumputhe. Ngokuphathelene nemisebenzi zokuzala, ukuthuthukiswa isibindi yisikhohliso inikeza ukwakheka Izitho zangasese bobubili ubulili, kusho ukuthi izimuncagazi kukhona hermaphrodites, okusho ukuthi babe kokubili iduna nensikazi ubulili izitho. Ubukhulu amaqanda isihlava kukhona micrometer mayelana 80 kuya 140, mhlawumbe okusaqanda futhi aphuzi noma umbala ogqamile.

Ukulinyazwa emzimbeni

Isibindi yisikhohliso kuthinta Amapayipi Bile, okubangela umonakalo omkhulu zabanikazi. izimuncagazi Young uthuthe ngokusebenzisa izicubu isibindi, ekubhubhiseni kanye ukopha. spikes ezincane phezu izimpethu obulimaza ezicutshini futhi nezilonda zabo. Lokhu kuphumela yokufa kwamangqamuzana engokwemvelo kanye cystic, isb ukwakheka ngokweqile ezicutshini, okuyinto ingena esikhundleni amangqamuzana afile isibindi, kanjalo impairing ukusebenza evamile umzimba.
Isibindi luyanda kakhulu ngobukhulu futhi siba nezinzwa ezisenza sizwele kakhulu. Ezinye flukes kungabangela ukubukeka izinhlumba nenkundla ziyadliwa. Bile Amapayipi nazo ziyanda. Konke lokhu kuholela ukudakwa jikelele nokuvikeleka encishisiwe, okuyinto yena, kuyimbangela ukutheleleka yesibili amagciwane, ikakhulu ngenxa yobuthakathaka jikelele umninikhaya.

Symptomatology futhi uphethwe

izimpawu Eyingqayizivele kalula ukutheleleka azikashintshi. Izimpawu main ezihlobene nokusebenzelana isibindi ukuvuvukala (i-hepatitis) kanye Amapayipi biliary (cholangitis), okungase kubangelwe izizathu okuhluke kakhulu. Okunye izitho ezibalulekile kuvame ayiphazamiseki. Ukuxilongwa sifo kube nzima ukuthi ngisho khona emzimbeni eziningana trematodes amashumi omdala kungabangela izimpawu zokwelapha acute, ngaphandle ebuthakathakeni jikelele futhi kuncishiswe ukukhiqiza. Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla kungaqinisekiswa ngokuthola ukuthola amaqanda helminth endleni.

amagciwane geography

Ukuze ngempumelelo ukuqedela umjikelezo wokuphila kwe-yisikhohliso isibindi, udinga abanikazi okungenani ezimbili. Indima omunye wabo enze angenasawoti umnenke zilwane. Kukhethwa yenethiwekhi yesibili ubanzi kakhulu, sifaka kwezilwane eziningi ezincelisayo herbivorous, kuhlanganise nabantu. Ukusabalalisa kwamanye amazwekazi esuka eYurophu ngokusebenzisa ukuthekelisa livestock lesi silwanyana zhiznestoyky ingashintshwa ukuze lezi abanikazi abasha, njengoba namakamela-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika, kanye marsupial e-Australia. Isibindi yisikhohliso uvuma kalula ukuze imvelo entsha womhlaba, uthola abamukeli baso Lesisemkhatsini, kuhlanganise imvelaphi isitshalo, ezindaweni ezintsha.