Ukuguquguquka kwempilo trypanosomes. Izinhlobo trypanosomes. izimuncagazi esiyingozi

Kuyaziwa ukuthi izimuncagazi kuvamile kakhulu ngokwemvelo. Bona ukungena emzimbeni kubantu nasezilwaneni kanye bekwazi ukuphila lapho isikhathi eside. Nokho, izinhlobo eziningi izimuncagazi ningathwali ingozi eliphezulu futhi ngokuvamile phambi kwabo akusho ukuzibonakalisa. Lezi zihlanganisa giardia, pinworm, izikelemu, njalo njalo .. Kwezinye izimo, ukuba khona kwalezi izimuncagazi izenze wazizwa izimpawu ezinjalo ukuhlukumeza sezinyawo, ubuhlungu besisu. Ngezinye izikhathi, kunalokho, khona yabo imperceptible, futhi umuntu Akazi nakwazi ukuthi mayelana nokuba khona lezi zilwane. Ukubonakaliswa noma ukungabi khona izimpawu kuncike esigabeni lomjikelezo amagciwane ukuphila. Kodwa, kanye cishe izidalwa "ingozi" Kunabanye kabani khona kubangela izifo kubantu nasezilwaneni. Isibonelo trypanosome. Lokhu umzimba unicellular kokuba izinhlobo ezihlukene morphological. Lokhu amagciwane kungokwalabo Kunengozi ngenxa yobukhona bayo emzimbeni womuntu futhi isilwane kungaba yingozi.

Trypanosome - Iyini?

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi trypanosome likhuluma eziphilayo owumphumela, kuyingozi kakhulu. Ezinye zezifo angakhula ngenxa parasitism yayo, - zokugula Chagas kanye Afrika sobuthongo. Pho, nguwuphi kulaba Izifo avele lomuntu onegciwane, kuye ngohlobo trypanosomes. I engavamile lesi silwanyana elilodwa ukuthi akakholelwa aphendule izindlela ukuzivikela mzimba ukuze zilwe nabo. Abathwali trypanosomes - yizinambuzane. Kuye kwatholakala izinhlobo ezingu-silwanyana ingavuthi nabasabalalisi bawo iziphazamiso noma impukane zidlulisela isifo. Ukuguquguquka kwempilo trypanosomes nzima, kusukela ngesikhathi sakhe ngaphakathi isinambuzane futhi mammalian morphological iguquka ukuma izikhathi eziningana. Isikhungo sokugcina webantfu netilwane (amahhashi, izinja) ngoba umzimba owumphumela. Rod "trypanosome" - a baphoqwe yisinanakazana, abangakwazi nhlobo ngaphandle kwe "inkosi". Okungukuthi, kuze bangena umzimba isinambuzane noma isilwane esincelisayo, ikhono lazo ukuphila engekho.

Zama-trypanosome izimuncagazi

Lesi silwanyana kungokwalabo trypanosomatids umndeni. Kunezinhlobo 2 izinhlobo (amaqembu) zalezi zinto unicellular. Phakathi kwabo:

• Trypanosomes Salivaria - ke ukuphoqa izimuncagazi, esebenza njengesikhali othwala fly zidlulisela isifo. Yokugcina "master" kungaba yisiphi isilwane yezilwane ezinomgogodla, futhi indoda. Phakathi parasitism ngayinye vumelekile izinguquko by 2 esiteji trypanosomes Saivaria sokuphila. Lokhu lwegciwane itholakala e-Afrika. Lapho lingena emzimbeni eba trypanosomiasis - sobuthongo. Pathology libhekisela anthropozoonosis futhi avame kuthinta izinyamazane. Lapho igciwane womuntu liyabulala.
• Tripanosomy Stercoraria iqembu. Izimuncagazi yalolu hlobo zivamile eLatin America. aphethe Lesisemkhatsini ngabo kukhona triatominae. Insect eluma idatha ku ezincelisayo kanye indoda ekuthuthukiseni Chagas isifo. Lokhu zokugula kuholela ekuhlulekeni inhliziyo futhi ukwephulwa nezinye izitho. Nokufa kusukela lesi sifo-30% amadoda itheleleke.

amafomu morphological trypanosomes

ekilasini trypanosomes ungachazwa ukuthi ngesikhathi ukuphila alawa magciwane ukushintsha ifomu morphological izikhathi zabo ezimbalwa. Lokhu kubasiza ukuthi bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kokubili umninikhaya Lesisemkhatsini amagciwane e ezincelisayo. Kukhona amafomu alandelayo:

• Amastigotnaya (noma leyshmanioznaya). Uma sicabanga trypanosomes ngokusebenzisa isibonakhulu ungabona round noma amaseli okweqanda. Ezimweni eziningi, leli fomu ayinakho msila.
• Promastigotnaya. Cell kuba side, ke kinetosome esisogwini phambi. Ngo ezingemuva ingxenye kukhona msila (sidlula imbobo encane - ephaketheni). Ngaphambili, leli fomu libizwa leptomonadnoy.
• Epimastigotnaya (noma kritidialnaya). Basal libhekene ukuphokophela phambili. Ngenxa yalokho, cishe ngendlela efanayo le kuyi-nucleus yengqamuzana. Ngokungafani ifomu langaphambilini, msila elisukela emaphethelweni iDemo ulwelwesi inamagquma.
• Tripomastigotnaya. Kinetosome futhi sigudluke futhi kuthatha indawo ngemuva kuyi-nucleus yengqamuzana. ulwelwesi inamagquma kuba eside futhi abaningi.
• amafomu Metacyclic koda zinezikhathi ukungabakhathaleli nhlobo msila.

umjikelezo Trypanosome ukuphila emzimbeni wesinambuzane

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi le izimuncagazi kukhona baphoqwe, okusho ukuthi ngeke siphile ngaphandle aphethe. Okwamanje, kusukela trypanosomes ungene yenethiwekhi umzimba ziphethe lithathelwe layo emzimbeni isilwane noma wobuntu, ngokuthi sokuphila. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, le liphindaphindeke amagciwane ukwahlukana, uthola izakhi. umjikelezo wokuphila Trypanosome kuhlanganisa izinguquko eziningana ilandelana morphology yayo. Amagciwane engena emzimbeni impukane zidlulisela isifo ngefomu tripomastigotnoy. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ulahlekelwa glycocalyx - isici kuqukethwe ulwelwesi cell. Zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10 trypanosome uhamba kusukela izimpukane posterior midgut ngaphambili. Lapho, liphindaphindeke amagciwane. Khona-ke, izinsuku 8-10, ihamba phambili - kuze kube nezindlala salivary. Kuleli qophelo, amagciwane kweselula ngokugcwele kulungisile mitochondria ngoba iqukethe cytochromes sokusebenza. Ngokulandelayo, amagciwane uthola epimastigotnuyu fomu. I salivary nezindlala ke esandisa futhi, ingxenye - unamathele epithelium. Esigabeni esilandelayo umjikelezo ukuphila kwathatha ifomu metacyclic. Kuleli qophelo, the trypanosomes kuphele ukwehlukana, kuthiwa bathinteka kusukela epithelium futhi ufake mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi we nezindlala salivary. Umjikelezo isilinganiso kuthatha 3 kuya 4 amasonto. Uguquko ku nokunye ukwahlukahlukana morphological zenzeka emzimbeni yempi yokugcina - isilwane noma wobuntu.

Trypanosome: esigabeni lomjikelezo ukuphila yesibili

Okulandelayo umjikelezo isinyathelo trypanosome ukuphila iqala nokudla yayo ekupheleni-host - umuntu noma isilwane esincelisayo. Bathi ukungena kuhlelo Udosi isinambuzane ifomu metacyclic. Uma udle, le morphology iseli washintsha ukuze amastigotnuyu. Kuleli fomu of amagciwane liphindaphindeke. Ukwakheka pseudocysts. Ukungena isikhala phakathi amaseli, bathatha sokuqala izi-, nomumo ke epimastigotnuyu. imiphumela Pathogenic phezu komzimba amagciwane iqala ngemva kokufaka egazini. Kube aluthathayo tripomastigotnuyu balolonge futhi sithinta iseli aphethe. Ukuguquguquka kwempilo trypanosomes emzimbeni wakhe kungaba liphindwe izikhathi eziningana.

Lo mshini parasitosis

Kunezinhlobo 2 izinhlobo tripasomoza (Chigasov zokugula nokugula elele). Ukutheleleka nge-thile isifo kuncike hlobo of zinhlobo (amaqembu) izimuncagazi hit umzimba. Mshini yentuthuko yalezi pathologies lihlukile. By bite we zidlulisela isifo impukane eziphehliwe trypanosomes Salivaria, evela kumuntu noma esilwaneni abathintekayo sobuthongo. Emavikini lokuqala amagciwane ke itholakala amanoni ongama. Kusukela lapho-ke ungena isimiso semithambo yegazi. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka ukulahlekelwa amandla omzimba okuzivikela kanye hematopoietic kwezitho: ubende, isibindi, izindlala zamanzi. Ngemva kwezinye esiphelweni izimuncagazi zingene kwemizwa uhlelo amaseli. Hit nabo cerebrospinal fluid izimbangela ukulimala ebuchosheni spinal cord izicubu.

Ukuthuthukiswa triposomoza Stercoraria

Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa leli qembu ezidala kwenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili. Eyokuqala - ngokusebenzisa ukulunywa izimbungulu. Okwesibili - uma ufaka triponosom nolwelwesi lwamafinyila izandla ezingcolile. Ekuqaleni ukutheleleka senzeka ethize impendulo ukuvuvukala wendawo - ukuthuthukiswa "chagomy" izimuncagazi zasakazekela kulo amanoni ongama. Ngemva kwalokho, egazini, basakazekela izitho. Leli qembu trypanosomes kuthinta lymph izicubu, isibindi kanye nemisipha. Ingozi embi kunazo zonke iyona zilimaze izimuncagazi cardiomyocytes. Lokho senhliziyo siholela ekufeni kusukela lesi sifo.

Sifo yenethiwekhi trypanosomes

Trypanosome libhekisela izimuncagazi unicellular kuyingozi ngokukhethekile ukuba abantu nezilwane ezincelisayo. Okusakazwa lokhu umzimba asexually indlela - division longitudinal. Trypanosomiasis sitholakale ezimweni eziningi e enkabazwe ye-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona kulezi izindawo izinambuzane, okuyizinto Sebawoti Lesisemkhatsini for amagciwane. Nokho, lesi sifo kungavuka kwamanye amazwe, isibonelo, ngemva kokufika womuntu kusuka kusayithi ukutheleleka. Esikhathini zokugula iziguli Chagas Sikhathazekile zimpawu ezilandelayo: evuvukele lymph node ezizungeze amehlo, kahle motility emathunjini, ubuhlungu benhliziyo, Ukugodola, myalgia. Ngokuvamile e abadala isifo esingamahlalakhona futhi ingahlala iminyaka eminingi. Ezinganeni kufika eminyakeni engu-5 ubuswa inkambo oyingozi futhi ngokwempilo yangenyama okusezingeni eliphezulu. Okusolwayo ingalali ukugula kungenziwa eyasungulwa ngezizathu ezifana, ubuthakathaka lesichubekako, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukucobeka, equlekile. Ukuze ukuthola ezidala emzimbeni Kwenziwa uphethwe serological: ukukhomba titer amasosha Amagciwane.

Okufanele ukwenze lapho zokuthelela trypanosomes?

Umqondo wokuthi ukuze uthole izimuncagazi emzimbeni, has udokotela izifo ezithathelwanayo kuphela. Njengoba trypanosomes kukhona Amagciwane ebulalayo pathologies uqale ukusiza ilandela ngokushesha ngemva kokutholakala kwayo. ukwelashwa parasitosis siyasebenza kuphela izigaba sokuqala lesi sifo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba ukuqhuba uphethwe laboratory kusenesikhathi uma usola kokulunywa bug noma izibawu. Lapho isiqinisekiso uphethwe kudinga esibhedlela, njengoba izidakamizwa ngokumelene trypanosomes kungadala ahlukahlukene ohlangothini ukusabela.

imithi ye parasitosis esiyingozi

Ukuze siphendule umbuzo kanjani ukuletha izimuncagazi, kungaba onguchwepheshe. Ukwelashwa kwezifo carotid kuncike esigabeni we egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Uma abathintekayo kuphela hematopoietic futhi amasosha omzimba, basebenzisa izidakamizwa "Berilin", "Pentamidine" futhi "Suramin". Lezi imithi akuzona aphumelele ukuqhubekela phambili kwesifo. Uma kuhilela isimiso sezinzwa, prescribers "Diflyuorometilornitin". Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa sikaChagas isifo ezithela imiphumela kuphela qophelo parasitism extracellular. Kuze kube yimanje, prescribers "Nifurtinoks".

Izinyathelo ngokumelene trypanosomiasis

Ukuvimbela ukusilaphazeka trypanosomiasis, indawo yemvelo izinambuzane ukuthi izimuncagazi Sebawoti Lesisemkhatsini, wafutha ngamakhemikhali akhethekile (disinfestation Kwenziwa). Ekukhombeni izilwane onesifo zibulala ukuze ukuvimbela ukusabalala ukutheleleka.