Ubukhulu of ukuvuleka iwindi. Ubukhulu emgomeni ukuvuleka iwindi - GOST

amafasitela Okokuqala yendawo izakhiwo anoma yiluphi uhlobo iwukuba kudlule ukukhanya ukukhanya yemvelo. Kodwa amafasitela futhi sinikeze ukupholisa izakhiwo, sife ngaphandle eziningi nezinye imisebenzi. Zama ukuqonda ukuthi yini elawula usayizi ukuvuleka ifasitela esakhiweni. Ingabe kungenzeka ukuba isethi ongumashiqela Usayizi amafasitela ekwakhiweni, isibonelo, izwe indlu?

Kushiwo ngamuphi umqondo ukuthi endaweni ukuvuleka ifasitela?

Ngo ukwakhiwa izinhlobo ezahlukene izakhiwo ezisetshenziselwa kwezinkambiso ukwakhiwa kanye nemithetho elawula usayizi ukuvuleka iwindi namawindi, kuye ngokuthi izinto eziningi. Icacisa phakathi kwazo Keo - Coefficient sokukhanyisa zemvelo. Kodwa acabangele nezinye izinto eziningi. Usayizi nenjongo isakhiwo, indawo, ukukhanya izici kanye nenani ingilazi ifasitelana, njll Ngokwesibonelo, e "izimiso zokwakha" (SNIP P-A862) kulawulwa isihlobo iwindi beso endaweni endaweni lamagceke ( iphesenti) okuyinto kunqunywa ifomula ezinikezwe dokhumenti. Amanani kwesejwayelekile kuchazwe SNP Keo ababhemayo izakhiwo ejwayelekile yomphakathi kanye yokuhlala, ngokwendawo ise band kusuka ku-45 ° kuya 60 ° enyakatho nenkabazwe. Lokhu value ucabangela ukuthi yokuhlanza ingilazi amafasitela kumele iqhutshwe kabili ngonyaka ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo ezindaweni uthuli ongaphakeme nokungcola, futhi izikhathi 4 ngoba isikhala ezindaweni osenyameni ebonakalayo uthuli amandla omlilo imikhiqizo. Uma isakhiwo itholakala eningizimu-45 ° enyakatho nenkabazwe, ukubaluleka kumele kusetshenziswe Keo Coefficient 0.75, futhi ngaleso indawo isakhiwo kuya enyakatho 60 ° enyakatho nenkabazwe - 1.2.

Inqubo yokubala babe okuza kwabo endabeni amafasitelana amaningi nangokuvikela ingilazi amayunithi, nge amabanga ehlukene phakathi amafasitelana, kanye izinguqulo ezihlukene ingilazi amafasitela (frosted, abacaphuni, kanye nabanye.).
Uma kunzima ukusetha ezahlukene, kukhona ifomula lula mayelana yokuhlala: amafasitela ahlotshiswe ngokweqile endaweni akufanele kube isikhala phansi kancane izikhathi esingaphansi 8. Lokhu ifomula inika anolaka, kodwa ngempela eduze Imiphumela kubalwa.

Ubukhulu ejwayelekile

Kodwa, kukhona osayizi isampula emafasiteleni, eyayifunwa amazinga isimo zokuhlala kanye nezakhiwo zomphakathi. Lezi Ubukhulu zikhethwa eliphezulu ukwakhiwa mass. Bona azithathe ku-akhawunti eziningi izici, okubala zangaphandle tebuciko ukubukeka isakhiwo njengenhlangano yezakhiwo isakhiwo.

State Amazinga acabangele hhayi kuphela ubukhulu iwindi futhi umnyango kuvuleka, kodwa futhi izici design ukusebenza kwazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zifane izilinganiso ukuvuleka, imidwebo kanye nomklamo kuvulandi iminyango. Kube GOST 24699-81, GOST 24700-81 futhi GOST 11214-86, eyethula imikhawulo kukhethwa amafasitela zokhuni kuvulandi iminyango for kwezakhiwo zikahulumeni kanye yokuhlala ngu-fiberglass namabhodlela, fiberglass futhi glazing double ngokulandelana.

Uhlu osayizi ejwayelekile

Ikakhulukazi, enikeziwe zifane Ubukhulu kwamafasitela kuvulandi iminyango, zokuhlala izakhiwo ukulungiswa (860, 1460 kanye 2175 mm) kanye ububanzi (570, 720, 870, 1170, 1320, 1470, 1770 noma 2070 mm). Ukuze uthole ezinye izakhiwo zomphakathi zifane usayizi lobubanzi amafasitela kanye kuvulandi iminyango (Ukuphakama - 1160, 1760 noma 2060, 2375 noma 2575 mm Ububanzi - 870, 1170, 1320, 1470 mm). Osayizi amathuba la kwaqanjwa nayo kuchazwa: e izakhiwo zokuhlala (ukuphakama 910, 1520 kanye 2210, ububanzi 610, 780, 910, 1210, 1380, 1510, 1810, 2110 mm) kanye yomphakathi (ukuphakama 1210, 1810, 2110, 2410 kanye 2810, ububanzi 910, 1210, 1380, 1510, 1810, 2110, 2410 kanye 2710 mm).

Ubukhulu emgomeni ukuvuleka iwindi (GOST 23166-99), izinhlaka zamafasitela futhi emphemeni iminyango ethulwa usayizi enwetshiwe ububanzi: wanezela value ukulungiswa - 580 futhi 1320 mm, nobubanzi - 2370 futhi 2670 mm, ngaphandle ecacisa, e izakhiwo zokuhlala noma umphakathi bona izofakwa .

Ngo iphaneli izindlu ewindini ibhanela enezinto ezimbili kumele dimensioned (ububanzi nobude) 1300h1400 mm enezinto ezintathu - ukuphakama 1400 mm, ububanzi we enezinto 2070 futhi 2050 mm.

Iwindi osayizi kukhona izindlu zifane futhi ezinhlanu storey kwesikhathi Khrushchev. Ukuze uthole iwindi amabili valve esetshenziswa usayizi 1300h1350 mm ngesikhathi ewumngcingo sill ka ezintathu slats - 2040h1350 mm, futhi ububanzi iwindi sill - 1450h1500 futhi 2040h1500 mm.

Kanjani ukubala ukuvuleka ifasitela?

Ngakho, ukuze ukhethe inombolo kanye nosayizi emafasiteleni ukuze kwakhiwe indlu yezwe, ungakwazi ukwenza ukulandelana elandelayo yezenzo:
- ukubala indawo egumbini endaweni glazing amafasitela (division by 8);
- sichaza ukuphakama amafasitela anezinhlaka usayizi ejwayelekile uchungechunge (azithathe ku-akhawunti umklamo ukubukeka endlini, layo obunobunye tebuciko ukubukeka);
- sokuhlukanisa endaweni glazing endaweni ephakeme amafasitela ahlotshiswe ngokweqile uthole ububanzi isamba elicwebezelayo;
- abale isibalo amawindi kini amagugu ezifanele lebanga esezingeni nobubanzi sokuhlukanisa ububanzi isamba glazing akhethiwe ukubaluleka iwindi ububanzi block iwindi (ukubaluleka etholwe is ahanjiswa elilandelayo ephakeme uma wathola inombolo wamaqhuzu);
- Khetha ukubaluleka ububanzi okuyinto okungukuthi efanelekayo ngenhla konke yethu izintandokazi.

Umphumela okungukuthi hhayi okubi kakhulu ukwedlula nezidingo SNIP, njengoba umphumela waba oyindilinga in a big indlela.

Ngokwesibonelo

Thatha egumbini linye endaweni 40 square metres - glazing endaweni uyakuba hhayi ngaphansi kuka 5 sq.m. Ezingeni ukuphakama 1460 amafasitela mm (iwindi ukuphakama - 1210 mm), ubude we elicwebezelayo kuyoba 4132 mm, okulingana 4 amafasitela 1320 mm ububanzi (iwindi ububanzi 1170 mm) noma amawindi ezintathu nge ububanzi 1770 mm (ububanzi 1520 mm ingilazi).

Ekunqumeni Usayizi emafasiteleni ukuba usayizi amafasitela ungeze kuya ku-15 mm ohlangothini ngalunye lokukhuphula Foam kokwehla bese wengeza 50 mm ukuphakama ngenjongo efanayo yokuqondisa plus iwindi sill.

ephetha ayebatshele zona

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ekwakhiweni kwendlu ngelizwe ngalinye akanawo enjalo imingcele enzima ekwakheni mass. amafemu Modern (elikhulu wabakhwelisa phezu emakethe), ekukhiqizeni ngamanani amancane kanye nesimondzawo amafasitela, ifasitela amayunithi ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza yimuphi usayizi. Kodwa uma lelisu Ubukhulu Kunconywa ukuvuleka iwindi (SNIP P-A862), kuyoba nemibandela ukukhanyisa yemvelo kanye kukhethwa osayizi GOST konga izindleko kuqhathaniswa wayala umuntu ewindini amayunithi.

Ngakho-ke, noma kunjalo kuyasiza ukwazi nokusebenzisa izindlela okukhanyisa wokubalisa ukuhlanganisa nezidingo ukwakhiwa, kanye lamalungelo emithetho ekhona wombuso by izilinganiso iwindi futhi umnyango imiklamo ukukhetha ubukhulu kwesokudla ukuvuleka iwindi, isibonelo, ukwakha indlu ezweni.