Tincenye Java imodeli into: ekilasini abstract, interface

Umqondo oyinhloko isigaba abstract iqukethwe iziphakamiso ezilandelayo: ngezinye izikhathi aludingi amakilasi ukupheka, futhi ifomu "ezimanzi". izikhala okunjalo ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngqo (instantiate).

Kuyini ekilasini abstract Java

Cabangela esinye isibonelo. Kukhona Java ekilasini abstract Calender Java.util iphakethe. It akusho liqalise ikhalenda ethize, esetshenziswa, isibonelo, Western naseMpumalanga Yurophu, China, North Korea, Thailand, njll Kodwa ayinaye izici eziningi ewusizo, ezifana kokwengeza izinsuku ezimbalwa ngosuku oluthile: .. Lezi imisebenzi kudingeka nganoma yisiphi ikhalenda kokusebenza. Akunakwenzeka ukukhiqiza ikhophi ekilasini abstract.

amakilasi Abstract, izindlela ze-Java abstract

Ake sithi ufuna ukuthuthukisa izakhi eziningi sokuqhafaza, isb zeJiyomethri: .. A mbuthano, isikwele, inkanyezi, njll Futhi kukhona isitsha okuyinto abadonse. Ngasinye ingxenye ukubukeka azifani, ngakho indlela efanele (ngisho noma ibizwa ngokuthi upende) luyasetshenziswa ngendlela ehlukile. Nokho, ingxenye ngayinye has eziningi ezifanayo: .. Isibalo kufanele zifakwe ebhokisini ungase ube nombala ukuba ebonakalayo nengabonakali, njll Ngamanye amazwi, udinga ukwakha ekilasini lomzali zonke lezi izibalo, lapho ingxenye ngayinye bayokudla ifa izakhiwo jikelele. Kodwa kuthiwani indlela upende? Phela, isigaba umzali akukho lendaba. Uma ulivuma indlela upende eklasini ngayinye ngokuzimela, kuyodingeka ukuba sihlaziye ukuthi ingxenye icutshungulwe, bese enze ukhonkolo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele indlela limenyezelwe abstract ekilasini umzali: indlela isihloko ngaphandle komzimba. A umzimba ngamunye ekilasini etholakala ngeke ukuchaza siqu sakhe. Ngo-Java, i-class abstract Ungafaka izindlela abstract.

Uma isigaba has izindlela abstract, isigaba kuyinto abstract. Ngaphambi isigaba izwi ukubeka elisemqoka abstract, isihloko indlela - kakhulu. Ngemva isihloko indlela enjalo kuyadingeka ukubeka isemikholoni. Ngo-Java, i-class abstract ayikwazi ukukhiqiza amakhophi. Uma sifuna ukuvimbela yokudalwa, ngisho noma kungekho izindlela abstract ekilasini laba bafundi, isigaba kungenziwa limenyezelwe abstract. Kodwa uma isigaba oyedwa indlela abstract, isigaba kumele kube abstract. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka Ekilasini kwakuhlale watibona kuyinto, futhi okokugcina, futhi indlela kakhulu. Indlela akukwazi abstract, ngasese, static, lwendabuko. Ukuze subclass eyodwa wayengase athi non-longeke watibona netintfo instantiate, bona kufanele asebenzise zonke izindlela abstract lomzali. Ikilasi ngokwayo angasebenzisa izindlela zayo abstract.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• ekilasini abstract AClass {
• umphakathi abstract uyize indlela (int a) ;
• }
• ekilasini BClass ubabonisa AClass {
• umphakathi indlela uyize (int a) {
• // umzimba
• }

eziguquguqukayo Ivunyelwe ezifana ekilasini abstract. Abakwazi ubheke ingane non-abstract aleso sigaba noma ingabi nalutho.

Interfaces Java - esikhundleni ifa amaningi

Ngo-Java, alikho ifa amaningi, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi kukhona izinkinga ezithile. Kwavulwa ikilasi akunakulidla ifa elingumbuso kusuka emakilasini amaningana. Kodwa yena uyakwazi nokuqalisa interface amaningi.

Java interface amakilasi abstract - imiqondo zifana, kodwa hhayi ezifanayo. Interface kungenziwa umenyezelwa njengezindaba umphakathi, ngaleso sikhathi-ke liyatholakala kubo bonke, noma ungakwazi yeka lwewashi umphakathi, ngaleso sikhathi i-interface itholakala kuphela ngaphakathi iphakethe yayo. elisemqoka Abstract kungadingeki, ngoba esibonakalayo futhi unjalo abstract, kepha ungacacisa.

Kuvele isimemezelo esibonakalayo

Iqala nge unhlokweni, futhi kungenzeka lokuqala ukuya umphakathi elisemqoka, bese - izwi esibonakalayo. Khona-ke kungaba khona izwi ubabonisa nokudluliselwa interface, okuyindawo njengefa lesi. Akuvunyelwe ukuphinda, futhi kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuba kubunjwe isilinganiso eyindilinga lobuhlobo ifa. Bese kufika umzimba esibonakalayo, ebiyelwe besokunxele abacaphuni. Emzimbeni izici interface kuthiwa: Field constants nezindlela abstract. Zonke izindawo zomphakathi static yokugcina - zonke lezi modifiers akuzona kudingekile. Zonke izindlela abhekwa abstract zomphakathi - lezi modifiers futhi kungenziwa ebekiwe. Manje, ngokwanele okushiwo umehluko phakathi ekilasini abstract kusukela Java esibonakalayo.

• esibonakalayo zomphakathi AI ubabonisa B, C, D {
• // umzimba
• }

Ukuze ngimemezele isigaba esibonakalayo indlalifa, udinga ukusebenzisa amathuluzi elisemqoka:

• ekilasini AClass nokobana BI, CI, DI {}

Okusho ukuthi, uma emva isimemezelo ekilasini nokobana eshiwo igama esibonakalayo, ikilasi amathuluzi ayo. Ifa lesi sigaba uthola izakhi zawo, ngakho nabo ukuwudayisa.

Eziguquguqukayo of uhlobo esibonakalayo uvumelekile. Abakwazi ubheke uhlobo isigaba nokobana le esibonakalayo, noma null. eziguquguqukayo ezinjalo kuzo zonke izingxenye isigaba Into, ngoba izinto eyenziwe amakilasi, futhi, esikhundleni salokho, usukele ekilasini Into.

Kulesi sihloko, saxoxa tincenye letitsite Java imodeli into - amakilasi abstract, abstract izindlela esibonakalayo.