Izindaba Umphakathi, Uhlobo
Thina imbewu plant ubuchopho?
imbewu plant zingasebenzisa "ubuchopho" amancane ukubasiza unquma iqhume noma ukuhlala esimweni sokungasebenzi. Lokhu kufakazelwa ucwaningo olusha ngokwesayensi.
Lezi imbewu "ingqondo" akanawo bendabuko grey ndaba njengoba umuntu, kodwa ukucubungula ulwazi lisebenzisa indlela efanayo lapho umsebenzi Nenkabazwe yethu. Izitshalo wendlale ahumushe amasignali kusuka hormone, ukunquma lapho beqala ihluma.
Izitshalo ufana nabantu
"Izitshalo ufana nabantu ngomqondo wokuthi banayo ukucabanga nokwenza izinqumo, njengoba nje sinamalungu," - wathi cwaningo co-umbhali Dzhordzh Bassel, isazi sezinto eziphilayo e-University of Birmingham eNgilandi. Ngokusho Bassel, abantu benze izinqumo usebenzisa iqembu elincane lamaseli ekhethekile isimiso sezinzwa, elise ubuchopho.
"NjengoNimrode indoda elele ngaphakathi imbewu kukhona inombolo encane kakhulu amaseli okwenza izinqumo ezithize. La mangqamuzana zifana amaseli isimiso sezinzwa, "- wathi Bassel kumagazini i Phila Science.
Ngokusho usosayensi, abacwaningi zingasebenzisa ngolunye usuku lezi imibono ukuthuthukisa imbewu ziqhume ngesikhathi esifanayo sonyaka ngamunye, kanye ukunikeza bavikeleke kakhudlwana izimo zezulu ezishintshayo.
Sicabangisise
Umqondo wokuthi izitshalo bangazizwa, ukuzwa noma ukubona emhlabeni yesayensi ngokuphelele ngeke entsha. Abacwaningi baye babonisa ukuthi izithombo ziqhume ngaphansi ethile imvamisa imisindo noma ukusheshisa ukukhula kwabo, lapho eduze nezinye izinhlobo ukuncintisana. Futhi, ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwa ngo-2007 (yayibizwa echazwe ephephabhukwini Oecologia), izitshalo ungakwazi ukuxhumana nabanye lapho usengozini.
Ngakho-ke, ngokuvumelana sokuziphendukela Bassel, umqondo "ecabanga" izitshalo akuyona njengoba angeke zifezeke njengoba kungase kubonakale efika kuqala. Omunye bonakaliso ukuthi ukucutshungulwa olunembile ulwazi mayelana imvelo kubalulekile ekusindeni isitshalo, kuyinto isikhathi imbewu ukuhluma.
Indima imbewu
Imbewu bakha indlela kuphela lapho lesi sitshalo Ungahambisa amabanga amade ukusuka imvelo engafanele sokusinda ofanele ngokwengeziwe. Abakwazi ukuhamba kude ekudliweni ngamabhubesi izilwane, noma eyenziwa ngumoya. Ngokusho Bassel, ngale ndlela lesi sitshalo elisebenzisa owodwa indlela ukunyakaza ngesikhathi nendawo. Basel ukuthi imbewu ithule kukhona emhlabathini nje izinga lokushisa noma ezinye izimo ayibi elungile. Bayakwazi nokwandisa amathuba abo okusinda.
Izitshalo ukucabanga indlela
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi izitshalo ukwenza izinqumo, usosayensi nozakwabo wadala Atlas digital ngamunye cell imibungu (imbewu) izitshalo Tala noma Arabidopsis thaliana. abacwaningi ke esikuyi izindawo lapho kwama-hormone athile, njengoba umthetho, zitholakala ngaphakathi imbewu.
Bathola ukuthi hormone ezimbili ezaziwa zinendima ukuhluma, gibberellin (GA) kanye abscisic acid (ABA), eziqukethwe lokuhlala okusezingeni eliphezulu e ichopho impande sombungu.
Kusukela 3000-4000 amaseli eziqukethwe imbewu mayelana 25 kuya 40, ngokusobala waba nendima evelele e ukucutshungulwa la ma-hormone. Omunye ingxenye amaseli ukukhiqiza ama-hormone GA, inikeza isignali ziqhume, kuyilapho enye ingxenye amaseli Yathola abantu abathile ibanga ezivezwa ABA, kuwuphawu lokuthi ikhuthaza "ngokuba ephusheni." Ucwaningo luveza ukuthi ama-hormone umklomelo phakathi amasignali.
"Ukusebenzisa lezi zimpawu ezimbili elinikeza ukukhula ukuyimisa", - uthi Bassel e Live Science.
Ngo lonke cell akhiqiza ABA ngetulu GA. Futhi ngcono izimo imbewu ezingeni GA-hormone okuthiwa i inyuka kancane kancane njengoba nje "maphakathi izinqumo" imbewu iqala ukuze ubonise ukuthi kungcono ukuqala ihlume, kuka ukuhlala esimweni ukuphumula. Le ndlela yokwenza ochazwa abacwaningi e imisebenzi yesayensi, esanyatheliswa kumagazini i-iziNyathelo ye-National Academy of Sciences.
ukuhluma isikhathi
Iqembu labacwaningi safinyelela ushintsho yokufakelwa sama-hormone asemzimbeni womsebenzi ezitshalweni. Okuhlangenwe nakho kuye kwabonisa ukuthi ngokwenza izakhi amazinga ama-hormone kanye okuwuphawu yokudlulisela isikhathi, imbewu ukuhluma angakwazi ukulawula isikhathi.
"Imbewu izitshalo okwenza isikhungo amabili aphikisanayo eyinkimbinkimbi zihlukaniswe ibanga elithile. Futhi e cortex motor ubuchopho bomuntu kukhona ama- ezimbili ezihlukene ukuqalisa ngokunyakaza noma ukuphumula, "- wathi Bassel.
"Ezilwaneni, ukwehlukana lezi zindawo ezimbili kuvimbela ngiyibona ngephutha kusukela umzimba yempoqo ukuthatha izinqumo ezingalungile", - usosayensi odumile.
Ucwaningo ikufakazele ukuthi ukwahlukana isitshalo phakathi ezifundeni "ukukhula" futhi "ukuthula" kuhloswe ukuba yenze izinqumo ezibalulekile zavela, zishukumisa ukuhluma ezinkathini lapho lokushisa kuma kushintsha njalo. Akucaci ukuthi kungani ukwahluka lokushisa kufanele kubaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni, kodwa esinye sezizathu itholakala lokuthi ukuthi le nqubo kusiza izitshalo ukuzizwa kanjani izimpande zabo shí enhlabathini. I ajulile abayikho, buffered kulapho ngokumelene nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. "Esinye isici ukuthi iyehla iyenyuka lokushisa abona othile ewunikela ngesikhathi ukuguquka kwezinkathi zonyaka ngokuvamile. Izinguquko kungasiza imbewu ukuzwa kwenkathi yenguquko ", - kushiwo Bassel.
I commonality phakathi kwezitshalo nezilwane
"Umqondo umphakathi zezitshalo nezilwane, isakhiwo ubuchopho kuyajabulisa ngoba we yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene is ngokucacile savela izakhiwo efanayo yokwakheka," - uthi Bassel. Ngokwe ucwaningo lwakamuva zesayensi, kukhokho oyedwa zezitshalo nezilwane kwaba ekamelweni owodwa, ulwelwe efanayo, i umzimba eyayikhona eminyakeni 1.6 billion edlule.
Ngokusho izinto zesayensi, eyanyatheliswa ngo-2002 kamagazini i-Science, naphezu kwalolu igebe ezinkulukazi kwemvelo, izitshalo nezilwane bahlinza izimiso ezivamile, okuyinto wabanika inzuzo ngokusukumela phezulu ukuze esiguquguqukayo. "Futhi izitshalo nezilwane, ngenxa inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ingashintshwa ngendlela efanayo", - uthe Bassel.
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