SNIP ukufulela kanye ukwahlukanisa izinto, namazinga imibhalo lapho akha uphahla

Lapho wakha indlu ukwakhiwa kophahla ingenye izakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba zivikela imithelela sangaphandle uhlamvu zemvelo nihlobise isakhiwo. Ngokungafani bezindonga ochwepheshe umuntu azisetshenziswa kule mboni, kunzima ukuzulazula kule izindlela ukwakhiwa kophahla futhi ukukhetha impahla kwesokudla. Ngakho-ke kudingekile ukuba ugxile ophahleni SNP, imithetho ephathelene nokwakhiwa. Baphuthunyiswe isikhathi eside, ngezinye izikhathi ngokuziphatha yisikhathi, kodwa namanje sokusebenza.

Nasi amagama

Uphahla yilona eliphezulu walling ezaziphase isakhiwo, futhi ophahleni - a isigubungelo ophahleni, esivikela isakhiwo emvuleni. Okuvame kakhulu bamisa phezu kwezindlu. Zakhiwa ramps - ramps okuncike, nazo eziba njengoba sheathing nemishayo yokhuni. A indawo empambana imisebe akha engeli engenayo ukwakha kwesigodi razzhelobki. Futhi emaphethelweni ophahla kuyoshaya ngaphesheya izindonga ngaphandle isakhiwo abizwa ngokuthi uphahla. Amanzi emthambekeni ageleza phansi emikhombeni esisogwini udonga. It ke engena amanzi emvula, zazo aphuthelwe downspouts futhi isivunguvungu endle.

Ukufaka uphondo ukuphambukisa amanzi

Design ophahla kumele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana ophahleni SNIP, 1976 Uphahla iyona into eyinhloko, futhi uphondo maqondana kuba yesibili. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kuba yeqoqo ophahleni, kuphrojekthi ke, njengoba uphondo sensimbi kufanele ngempela ibhekwe ukukhwezwa ophahleni.

Kukhona amane izinhlobo ezahlukene funnels, okuyinto zingafani izinto kusukela okwakwenza, futhi injongo isakhiwo. Ngenxa yalezi isicelo ezimelana nokushisa epulasitikini futhi insimbi engagqwali. izinhlobo zabo eziyisisekelo: esidayisa mpo futhi enezingqimba, nge bafudumale electric (esisiza ukugwema amanzi okokuqandisa) futhi ngaphandle kwalo, ngoba bituminous ezintweni zokwakha uphahla nemisipha.

SNP manje usebenza ophahleni adinga ukuthi sonke isimiso ne ophahleni amanzi amanzi ingcindezi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze akwazi ukumelana namandla amanzi. Lapho ukuphakama isakhiwo ayisikhombisa amamitha ngezansi yokucindezela eziphindwe eziyisikhombisa. Steel esetshenziswa ukwenza ingcindezi amapayipi. AmaBhayibheli asanda kukhululwa kusuka amapayipi epulasitiki ingakamiswa kabanzi yokutholwa.

Ebusika, ophahleni liyaphuma futhi uwela ehlobo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba ekhuthaza ka ezikhukhula ipayipi liner kanye uphondo, njengoba ehlonipha izidingo yobunzima banamathela ngokomthetho snip ophahleni, okuyinto ucezu ipayipi kokuba ububanzi emikhulu, is eziphothene kuya nephayiphu. Kulesi ukwakha ifakwe shank we uphondo. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njenge kwakwakhe babhujiswe futhi elungisa edingekayo.

Ezimweni zanamuhla isicelo esikhethekile ukuhwebelana steel noma plastic ipayipi spigot, okuyizinto izandiso of compensator komugqa.

Ukunwetshwa amalunga omzimba futhi Hydro

Enye ingxenye ebalulekile ophahleni - ilunga ukunyakaza. It ihlose ukunciphisa umthwalo lemisuka isakhiwo, okuyinto angaphansi ukusonteka, futhi udlala indima enkulu yomngcele ezihlukanisa isakhiwo ku amabhlogo, kuyilapho sihlinzeka kuyaqina nokuqina lonke isakhiwo.

Ngokuhambisana SNP at 1987 godu, ungangenisi amanzi uphahla Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile ezifana mastic waterproof noma ukhaphethi iphuma. Zisetshenziswa ukuze agcizelele kulo uphahla nezigodi ungangenisi amanzi enamathela. Kuyadingeka futhi ezindaweni ezingabalulekile eseduze izindonga nezinye timphawu tesakhiwo.

Ukuze iziqondiso ekhona: SNiP ku ukuklama ophahleni 1976 futhi eyamukelwa 1987 idokhumenti ku imithetho nemigomo ephathelene nangokuvikela ezinengilazi zokuhlobisa, ithuthukiswe izincomo.

Ukuvikela ophahleni zisebenzisa isithiyo umusi, zifudumele futhi ungangenisi amanzi ukhaphethi. Ngenxa isithiyo umusi ligamanxa kwensimbi ukunwetshwa ngokuhlanganyela izindawo lapho ilunga ukunwetshwa, SNIP uncoma ukugqagqana wokwenza ibitume-polymer izinto.

Ngokuvumelana nemithetho normative yokwakha, kungenzeka ukuba babhekane nezimo ukwakhiwa noma yiliphi ibhilidi futhi ilungelo ukwakha uphahla, ungaphuthelwa yimuphi imininingwane ebalulekile.