Sensorineural ubuthulu: degree of ukwelashwa

Zokwelapha zanamuhla inkinga wandile ezifana sensorineural ubuthulu. Lesi sifo lihlotshaniswa okuqhubekayo ubuthulu. Ngokwezibalo, inani leziguli unesifo ezifanayo eminyakeni yamuva liye landa kakhulu. Yingakho ulwazi izimbangela futhi izimpawu zesifo kuyoba usizo abafundi abaningi.

Siyini isifo?

Sensorineural ubuthulu - isifo okuyinto lihlotshaniswa ukulahlekelwa ezivamile ukuzwa, okungase kubangele umonakalo zengaphakathi lendlebe (uhlaka Corti, oguqula kunyakaza ku pulses kagesi yadluliselwa eziyimpumelelo ezinzwa) ka emsipheni sokuzwa noma isikhungo sokuzwa ebuchosheni.

I degree of sensorineural ubuthulu ziyahlukahluka, ezisukela ukwehla okuncane nokuzwela umsindo yokuzwa egcwele. Ngokwezibalo, abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-400 emhlabeni namuhla uhlushwa lesi sifo, ne Inani lamacala abikiwe sifo okwandisa njalo ngonyaka. Ngokuvamile, izisulu isifo abantu abasha noma ovuthiwe izinto ngemizimba yabo. Ngakho iziphi izizathu ngendlela, futhi yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala?

Amafomu kanye ngezigaba uhlelo lesi sifo

Kuze kube manje, kukhona izinhlelo eziningi ngezigaba zesifo. Ngokwesibonelo, sensorineural ubuthulu zingahlukaniswa zibe isegazini futhi atholwe. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, kukhona zokugula azalwa naso:

• non-syndromic (isifo ephelezelwa kuphela ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa; 70-80% kutholakala leli fomu);
• syndromic lapho, kanye ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa, ukuthuthukiswa ezinye izifo waphawula (njengesibonelo Pender kuphela syndrome lapho ukwephulwa umsindo bezibona yegilo elihlobene ne ushintsho kanyekanye e umsebenzi umsebenzi).

Kuye isithombe emitholampilo ngesilinganiso ukuqhubekela phambili kwesifo, emnandi ukwaba amafomu ezintathu eziyisisekelo, okuyilezi:

• Ngokuzumayo (okusheshayo) uhlobo lesi sifo, kwakheka lapho inqubo sokugembula is ngokushesha okukhulu - isiguli ingxenye noma ngokuphelele isithulu amahora 12-20 emva izimpawu zokuqala. By the way, ukwelashwa esifike ngesikhathi, ngokuvamile kuyasiza ukubuyisela somuntu sokujikeleza sokuzwa.
• Acute ubuthulu - kayikhuli ngokushesha. Njengomthetho, kukhona ukwanda izimpawu, sihlala izinsuku ezingu-10. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iziguli eziningi zama indiva inkinga, uvele izindlebe stuffy futhi ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa ku ukukhathala, ekuqongeleleni sulphur nokunye. E., Ukubambezeleka Ukuvakashela udokotela. Lokhu kunomthelela ongemuhle empilweni, kuyilapho ngokushesha waqala ukwelashwa izikhathi eziningana kwandisa amathuba okuthi yokwelashwa okuphumelelayo.
• Okungalapheki ukuzwa sensorineural ukulahlekelwa - mhlawumbe ifomu kunzima kakhulu futhi kuyingozi lesi sifo. Phakathi kwayo kancane nevilaphayo, ngezinye izikhathi iziguli siphile iminyaka nalesi sifo ungazi ngisho nokwazi mayelana khona yayo. Ukuzwa kungehlisa izinga eminyakeni kuze kube isikhathi lapho unomphela, umsindo kuyacasula ezindlebeni ayenzi uxhumane udokotela. Leli fomu zimbi kakhulu amenable yokwelapha izidakamizwa, futhi ngokuvamile ukubuyisela ukuzwa ehluleka. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu zokugula kuholela ukukhubazeka.

Kunezinye ngezigaba izinhlelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa kungaba sohlangothi olulodwa (ezithinta indlebe eyodwa kuphela) noma zamazwe amabili, ingaqala isakhasa (ngaphambi ingane ifunda ukukhuluma), futhi umuntu omdala ngaphezulu.

I degree of sensorineural ubuthulu

Namuhla isinqumo ukwaba degrees ezine ukuqhubekela phambili kwesifo:

• ubuthulu Sensorineural 1 degree - kuhambisana ukwehla embundwini luvelo 26-40 dB. Man ngaleyo ndlela ingakwazi ukuzwa imisindo ngisho at ibanga 6 metres, futhi Whispers - akukho kuka ngamamitha amathathu.
• ubuthulu Sensorineural 2 degrees - Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuzwa embundwini lesiguli kuyinto 41-55 DB, kangangokuba ingakwazi ukuzwa ibanga hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-4 amamitha. Izinkinga bezibona umsindo singenzeka ngisho quiet, imvelo buthule.
• Isigaba sesithathu lesi sifo libhekene i embundwini ezwakalayo of 56-70 dB - umuntu ovamile angakwazi ukuhlukanisa inkulumo bekude ezingadluli imitha, hhayi endaweni enomsindo.
• Embundwini bezibona umsindo esinyathelweni lwesine 71-90 dB - lena inkinga enkulu, ngezinye izikhathi kuze ukuqedela ubuthulu.

Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu yesifo

Empeleni, kukhona izinto eziningi ezingasenza le sensorineural ubuthulu singenzeka. Okuvame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• yizifo njalo, ikakhulukazi indlebe izifo, umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane nezinye izifo ezingase ukukhiqiza yezinkinga;
• thrombosis semithambo;
• Izifo ukuvuvukala, isibonelo, adenoids, labyrinthitis, meningitis;
• otosclerosis;
• isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi lesichubekako;
• ukuhlukumezeka acoustic;
• Kwenhlekelele okulimala ebuchosheni;
• izifo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba;
• ukuvuvukala phakathi cerebellum kanye oluvala amasondo;
• ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezithile, e salicylates ethile, aminoglycosides;
• umonakalo ka emsipheni sokuzwa noma kwangaphakathi indlebe amakhemikhali, ubuthi;
• ukusebenza emsebenzini ezinomsindo;
• ukulalela okuqhubekayo umculo okhalela phezulu;
• Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa kwezibalo, ngokuvamile kusukela ezifana isifo kuthinta nabakhe emizini emikhulu.

Sensorineural ubuthulu ezinganeni: izimbangela azalwa naso

Izimbangela ezichazwe ngenhla ka atholwe ubuthulu. Nokho, ezinye izingane uhlushwa isifo enjalo cishe kusukela ekuzalweni. Ngakho yiziphi izimbangela zesifo? Abasakwazi eziningi:

• yofuzo (kunenkolelo yokuthi cishe 50% labantu emhlabeni kukhona abathwali zezakhi zofuzo yohlobo oluthile lwesifo ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa);
• azalwa naso aplasia iminenke noma ezinye kwezinso yokwakheka;
• intrauterine ukutheleleka fetus negciwane rubella;
• khona abesifazane abakhulelwe fetus alcohol syndrome;
• yokwamukela nezidakamizwa unina;
• ukuphazamiseka enjalo kungaba inkinga ka ugcunsula;
• Izinto eziyingozi ezingabangela i zihlanganisa zabasebenzi ekuseni;
• Ngezinye izikhathi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kubangelwa chlamydia ukutheleleka kwengane ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.

Ayini izimpawu zesifo kuhambisana?

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, isithombe emtholampilo zingase zihluke kuye ngesilinganiso Ukulandelana ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa. Ngokuvamile sokuqala ibonakala tinnitus, kungenzeka ukuhlanekezela umsindo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye iziguli bakhononda ngokuthi yonke imisindo ziqondakala sengathi ngokunyenyeza obugcwele.

Ukuzwa ukulahleka eba kancane kancane. Abantu unenkinga uzama ukuncela umsindo endaweni enomsindo noma inkampani eziminyene. Njengoba isifo siqhubeka kukhona izinkinga kanye zokuxhumana ngocingo. Lapho ukhuluma isiguli womuntu ngokuvamile uqala ngokungazi ulandele ukunyakaza kwezindebe, ngoba lisiza ekuhlukaniseni imisindo. Iziguli njalo ubuze izwi. Njengoba izinkinga isifo babe evelele - uma unganikezi ukunakekelwa nesineke, imiphumela ingaba ebuhlungu.

izindlela eziyisisekelo uphethwe

Ukuzwa ukulahleka - inkinga engathí sina kakhulu, ngakho uma unanoma iluphi uhlobo izimpawu kufanele ngokushesha afune usizo lwezokwelapha. Sifo kulokhu kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi oqala ENT luhlolo. Uma ucwaningo wakwazi ukubonisa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa akuhlangene ne isakhiwo nemisebenzi indlebe yangaphandle, ezinye izifundo eyenziwa, ngokukhethekile, embundwini audiometry kokuthona, Tuning ekuphambukeni ukuhlolwa, impedancemetry, kwekhabhoni otoacoustic, kanye nabanye. Njengomthetho, enqubeni ukuxilongwa ochwepheshe abakwazi ukuthola hhayi kuphela khona isifo asathuthuka, kodwa futhi nezimbangela zayo.

Sensorineural ubuthulu: ukwelashwa

Ngokushesha kufanele kusho ukuthi kutichaza Kulokhu akwamukeleki. yokwelapha schema ukukhethela udokotela ngemva kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane ngokuphelele. Ngakho yini okumele uyenze uphethwe "sensorineural ubuthulu"?

Ukwelashwa amafomu acute lesi sifo kungaba medicated futhi incike izizathu ngendlela. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuba khona ukutheleleka ebekiwe ejenti ukuvuvukala, namagciwane noma elwa namagciwane. Kwangathi olunye aqoke amavithamini B, kanye E. Ngo khona edema isisu oqinile asetshenziswa nezidakamizwa hormone.

Lapho udinga amazinyo?

Maye, sensorineural ubuthulu abanakwethenjwa ngaso sonke isikhathi zelashwe ngosizo izindlela olandelanayo wezokwelapha. Futhi uma ifomu acute lesi sifo aphendule kahle ekwelapheni, ezingamahlalakhona ubuthulu, izindlela ezinjalo cishe kuningi ithonya umphumela.

Kwezinye izimo, indlela kuphela ukubuyisela ukuzwa lomuntu ukusetshenziswa izinsizakuzwa. By the way, onobuhle lanamuhla usayizi amancane sensitivity high okubenza kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Nge namuhla otohirurgii kwezinye izinhlobo zesifo kungenziwa okuthiwa izimila cochlear, enikeza isikhala elingaphakathi indlebe electrode ekhethekile kusukumisa emsipheni sokuzwa. Le nqubo isetshenziswa kuphela uma ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa lihlotshaniswa ukuphazamiseka uhlaka Corti, kodwa sokuzwa emsipheni kanye nobuchopho izikhungo tisebenta kahle.