Retarder - kuyini? Retarder - retarder

Retarder. Ukuthi kuyini, akukhona konke kucace nje kusukela isihloko. NgesiNgisi, igama elithi ngokwezwi nezwi lisho "umengameli". Isetshenziselwa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yesayensi kanye umkhakha kumadivayisi, amayunithi noma izinto ezivimbela ukugeleza Dynamics inqubo. Ngokuphathelene emkhakheni mechanical engineering retarder libhekisela idivayisi efakwe izimoto ngenhloso ingasheshi ukuthi lingakanani ijubane lokuya yabo ngaphandle noma ngokusebezisa olulinganiselwe main uhlelo unyathela amabhuleki.

Lapho umengameli ewusizo?

Isidingo ukusebenzisa inhibitor ngenxa yokuthi ezimweni yokucindezeleka isikhathi eside phezu main ukubopha uhlelo nokwethenjelwa kanye nokwethulwa ngokuyiko kwezinhlelo mithandazo kakhulu ziyancipha, okuyinto inomphumela omubi ngokuphepha. Njengomthetho, lokhu kusebenza esindayo duty amaloli, nezitimela, okuyinto ukuhambisa lapho sibhekene Yokwenyuka njalo futhi ekwehleni emigwaqeni entabeni.

Ake sicabangele isimo sangempela, okuyinto kuyasisiza sibone ukuthi kungani kukhona retarder. Ukuya sehle egqumeni, umshayeli kumele njalo ukubambezela ukugcina i-speed njalo. Lokhu umthwalo isikhathi eside ohlelweni ngomshikisho ukubopha kuholela okweqile yayo futhi bafake kwesikhathi. Esimweni sokuqala, ukuchitha isikhathi esiyigugu ngendiza, ukuba aphole amabhuleki lesibili - okwandisa ebizayo okuyingxenye for the ukulungisa kanye nokugcinwa imoto.

Isidingo ukuthola umthombo deceleration ezengeziwe nazo zathonywa yokuthi sinekhono nesivinini amaloli luyanda njalo ngonyaka. Ngokwesibonelo, iloli ukumisa kusuka ijubane 80 km / h zidinga izikhathi 4 mkhulu unyathela amabhuleki amandla kuka ezokwehla esitobhini esilandelayo ayo kusukela 40 km / h. Kunzima ukuba uvume ukuthi ukuba itholakale futhi sazi ukuthi singabhekana kanjani ukusebenzisa retarder, umshayeli azizwa eqiniseka kakhudlwana futhi udlule ezikhathini ezinzima.

Kusukela umlando we retarder

Omele ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni we retarder kokusunguliwe German inkampani Voith. Imizamo ukusebenzisa umqondo ngofaka umengameli kusukela ngesigaba kwekhulu elidlule yesibili, futhi ukuze zayo zokuqala sokuthuthukiswa ithole in the 50s sekwephuzile kusuka nomkhiqizi enkulu ujantshi abahamba izitimela zamalahle. Phezu kokuphothula iphrojekthi ngo-1961, Voith kudala ukwehlukanisa iyunithi wakhe, okuyinto kuze kube yilolu suku ngokukhethekile kuphela ku retarders ukukhululwa.

Ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa, Voith imiklamo ethunywe umsunguli Setra retardants lokuqala kwazimoto. Ngakho Setra wafuna ukwandisa ezingeni ukuphepha kwezokuthutha abagibeli nge amabhasi abo. Inqubo entsha kusuka Voith wahlangana okulindelekile futhi waqala ukuthandwa phakathi kwezinye automakers. Ekupheleni kwekhulu elidlule, nabashayeli namaloli abe nomqondo jikelele ukuthi retarder e amaloli namabhasi, kodwa futhi ngenkuthalo wasebenzisa umshini emsebenzini wabo wansuku zonke hhayi kuphela.

Ukwehlukahluka kwezimangaliso omengameli

Ukuze zihlanganisa retarders futhi injini unyathela amabhuleki, futhi qeda ukubopha. Nokho, igama elithi "retarder" elisetshenziswe kaningi ukuze amayunithi ngabanye, okuyinto efakwe kwi drive imiphini yenjini noma ukudluliswa. Kunezinhlobo eziningana retarders. Njengoba zihlukaniswe zamabanga aphansi naphezulu, kuncike indawo ukufakwa. Primary wahlela ukuba PPC, secondary - emva. Ngo retarders eyinhloko eyodwa ethile likhona. Ngesikhathi ushintsho igiya, akabe liphazamisane transmission, kanye nezimboni ukubopha amandla ngamasondo iphele. Ngokusho isimiso retarders zihlukaniswe hydrodynamic futhi electrodynamic.

I hydrodynamic retarder

Kaningi kunabanye esikhathini namaloli ukwazi ukuhlangabezana retarder hydrodynamic. Lokho kusho ukuthini futhi kusebenza kanjani, kuyoba lula kulula ukuqonda kulabo bajwayelene othomathikhi kudivayisi yokudlulisela. Ngesisekelo retarder hydrodynamic isimiso a elihlangana uketshezi. Ikhipha umshini siqukethe amasondo amabili ne-gwedla izindwani achithayo ngonyaka zezindlu ezivamile komunye nomunye. Elinye lamasondo is isandla fixed ngaphakathi, kanti owesibili, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa kushaft imoto uyakwazi uphendukisa.

Ngesikhathi osheshayo lapho isikhala retarder phakathi izindwani ligcwele ketshezi. Amandla centrifugal ezenzeka phakathi ukujikeleza Rotor, ivame ukuba azixoshe ke ngaphandle nibonakala kubantu nilungile, kanti vane stator esiphazamisayo le nqubo kanye nokuhlinzeka impendulo retarding umphumela. In the state off, uma oketshezini retarder izindlu lapho, izindwani uphendukisa ngokukhululekile futhi musa basebenzisane.

Ezimweni eziningi, uwoyela isetshenziswa njengoba uketshezi ukusebenza. Kwezinye amayunithi supply uwoyela akancike, futhi kwezinye - lihlotshaniswa uhlelo ukudluliswa Lubrication. imali enkulu ukushisa ekhiqizwa enqubeni ye retarder. Ngokomthetho ukulondolozwa amandla, okwamanje traction olubamba retarder, is kuguquka ukufudumeza ukuthi kuphakamisa lokushisa uketshezi ukusebenza. Ngakho-ke, i-kahle ukudluliswa ukushisa retarder ixhunywe wesifunda eyinhloko uhlelo injini indlu.

retarder Electrodynamic. Kuyini lokhu?

On a efanayo isimiso imisebenzi kanye retarder electrodynamic. Kuyini futhi uchaza indlela alwa ngayo umsebenzi walo, kungaqondakala kukhulunywa imithetho electrodynamics. Idivayisi Ubuye Rotor kanye stator, kanye ne-torque engu unyathela amabhuleki elakhiwe ngenxa ekusebenzelaneni kwabo. Yilokho nje ketshezi iqhaza electro-magnetic field edlala omengameli. Ngemva kokusebenzisa wamanje ibhethri agelezela kagesi retarder stator emazombezombe obumba kazibuthe lapho Rotor uzungeza. Okuphambili imisinga eddy ukudala okuphambene ensimini ukuze yakha stator kanye Rotor ozuza retarding torque engu.

Njengoba e retarders hydrodynamic esibalulekile ukushisa ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa. Okweqile kulezi lokubolekwa kuholele kahle enciphile bese uqedela ukuhluleka kwawo. Ukusetshenziswa Ukupholisa ketshezi retarder kagesi ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, kunzima. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo kudivayisi kuhlanganisa eziningi izakhi kokwenza umsebenzi ngokuvikela ngokumelene okweqile. Wheel wahlela izindwani Rotor, okuyinto uma ijikelezwe kudala Ukuhamba kwakuqeda ukushisa. Futhi retarders electrodynamic ebekelwa zamanje umkhawulo supply system uma okweqile.

Intarder futhi akvatarder

Okungenhla kukhona eyisisekelo izinhlobo retarders. On isisekelo yabo, nabaqambi udala izinhlobo ezintsha retarders ukuthi kungenziwa ngokuthi amamodeli eziphambili kakhulu we-classic. I ZF inkampani, umholi emakethe European ukukhiqizwa izingxenye kanye ne-transmission izingxenye, ngokwesibonelo, seliqalile ihlanganiswe retarder ngaphakathi okuseshwa wabiza le-node intarder.

Voith isiJalimane, yona, ukuhlola ngokudla kancane indawo retarder ku imoto kwaba nabantu bezizwe ezixubile uketshezi ukusebenza. Enye intuthuko - akvatarder - retarder, okuyinto lihlelwe phambi injini bese isebenzisa emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni njengoba uketshezi ukusebenza. a retarder okunjalo akasayidingi Ukupholisa bephoqeleka, okuyinto wenza kube lula design and kunciphisa isisindo lomgwaqo kabani ukusebenza isimiso nsé kunoma iyiphi enye idivayisi hydrodynamic.