Prince Svyatopolk Izyaslavich. inqubomgomo basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle phakathi nokubusa Svyatopolk

Ukutadisha Nezikhulu imisebenzi ebalulekile eyabusa emadolobheni Kiev Rus (Kiev, Novgorod, Chernigov, uVladimir-Volynskii) nezinye izazi-mlando wenziwa parallel njengoba nezokuxhumana ezihlobene nezimfanelo zomuntu siqu ezithinta ngayo ukwakheka isimo enkulu Kiev Russ.

Svyatopolk Izyaslavich eside ukukhunjulwa njengombulali inzalo ka umenzi inqubomgomo angaphandle, ayenzanga lutho ngobunye isimo.

Lozalo Svjatopolka Izyaslavich

Svyatopolk (christened Michael) wazalelwa 8 Novemba 1050 Uyise Izyaslav Yaroslavich kwaba iSikhulu Kiev. Ngubani umama, hhayi indlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, kwaba isancinza sikayise, ngokuvumelana neminye imithombo - indodakazi yenkosi Polish Mieszko II - Gertrude.

Svjatopolka uyise wayeyindodana kusho Yaroslava Mudrogo, futhi inkosazana Swedish Ingegerd (Irene ekubhapathizweni).

Izyaslav isikhulu Kiev Svyatopolk lapho indodana yakhe wayeneminyaka engu-19 ubudala, futhi kumbangela ukubusa Polotsk e 1069.

isikhathi komlando Kievan Rus ngemva kokufa Yaroslava Mudrogo kubhekwa isikhathi ezingacacile lapho Svyatopolk Izyaslavich nezinye izikhulu babe njalo ukulwa nomunye futhi Polovtsy.

Kusukela wokubusa

Ukubusa indodana yakhe Izyaslav Polotsk eyathatha iminyaka 2 kuphela, okwathi ngemva kwalokho ukuba bawushiye lowo muzi bese ubuyela uyise e Kiev, njengoba epherishi yangaphambili Bishop baphinde edolobheni.

Eminyakeni 1073-1077 Sviatopolk nge uyise wayengumGreki athunjiwe, futhi ngemva Izyaslav futhi wabusa Kiev, wanikela ngeNdodana yakhe Novgorod, lapho wabusa kuze 1088. Nge 1089 ku 1093 Wabusa Turov. I sekufe owokugcina zabantwana bakwa-Yaroslava Mudrogo kuye kwaholela yokuthi uhulumeni eKiev kwadingeka aye umzukulu wakhe endala - Svyatopolk.

Nakuba abantu Kiev wafisa ukuba ababuse, uVladimir Monomakh, umzukulu elicinathunjana Yaroslav, wayengafuni ukuphula umthetho futhi bamenywa ukuba bangenise Svjatopolka sobukhosi kwesikhulu. Ngakho 1093, waba iNkosi Kiev.

Le mpi ne Polovtsy

IBhodi Svyatopolka Izyaslavicha ekhatsi Kiev eyathatha ngezikhathi kusukela 1093 by 1113, wahlala imemori abantu njengoba engacacile kabi isikhathi. Ngonyaka wokuqala wazibonakalisa umbusi esifushane sekuqhamuke kwesikhulu esisha, isimo ayiqondakali kahle ka Kievan Rus 'e inqubomgomo angaphandle.

Nakuba Svyatopolk Izyaslavich wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi, lezi zidlamlilo Polovtsian walwa Russia. Kodwa ngemva kokufunda mayelana Prince entsha, bathumela amanxusa emhlabeni, futhi ezehlukene isiphelo sako. Prince akalilalelanga iseluleko boyars, ababe abeluleki ngesikhathi uyise wakhe, futhi ulalele leso okufunwa amaqhawe awo, ngubani ayeyilandela esuka Turov, ophethwe emva yeziboshwa.

Lesi sinqumo kwaphawula ukuqala izinhlekelele elalihambisana lonke ibhodi Svyatopolk. Polovtsy aya empini, futhi nakuba isikhulu sichithiwe izithunywa, wanikela ukuthula, kwase kwephuze kakhulu. Nge squad amasosha 800 nje, wahluleka ukumelana isikhulu Polovtsian.

Ngemva kokulalela, ekugcineni, boyars Kiev Sviatopolk wacela usizo kusukela Chernigov Prince uVladimir Monomakh. Akezanga wedwa, futhi ngokuthi umfowabo Rostislav nethimba. Kodwa ngisho wabutha amabutho ndawonye, bathola ukuthi isibalo sabo sincane amabutho okuningi phansi kunabaphostoli Polovtsian.

Lapho amabutho ababili bahlangana ku amabhange ezahlukene emfuleni Stugna, uVladimir ezihlongozwayo ukuba uxoxisane ne Polovtsy, kodwa Svyatopolk abazange bazilalele iseluleko futhi wanquma ukulwa, okwathi kamuva laba sizobuya ngokuba Rus. Svyatopolk babaleke izinsalela ibutho lakhe Trepol bese eKiev.

UVladimir Monomakh kule mpi elahlekile umzalwane, futhi iningi onogada kanye boyars futhi wabuyela Chernigov e olubuhlungu. Cumans enqobe baphanga izwe elisenyakatho Kiev bawenza incithakalo umuzi Torchesk, athumba zonke izakhamuzi zakhona zithunjwe.

Kuphela 1094 Svyatopolk Izyaslavich, ngesikhathi okubusa kwakhe waqala nge ukulahlekelwa esindayo, owenza ukuthula nabantwana Cumans ngokushada indodakazi ezinethonya kunazo Khan - Tugorkana.

OPhethe Liubech

Umzabalazo zezikhulu Chernigov nefa Novgorod kwaholela ukuxabana njalo nokuchitheka kwegazi, asizange okwamanje ngaqala ukuzama ukubazi ndawonye ababusi ukuze axazulule izimpikiswano zomhlaba. Ngo 1097 e Liubech sahlangana umzukulu Yaroslav the Hlakaniphile: Svyatopolk Izyaslavich, uVladimir Monomakh, uDavide I., Oleg nomfowabo uDavid futhi Vasilko Rostislavich.

Inhloso yalo mhlangano kwaba ukuhlanganisa izikhulu Kievan Rus ' ulwe nezitha yangaphandle futhi ngabelwa ngamunye wasihlukanisa njengefa, lokumele batitfole ngaphansi komthetho. Lokhu kwakwenzelwa ukuba ababusi abashongo phansi nomunye futhi abazange baziphathe izimpi internecine.

Bonke bavumelana phezu division bezwe, futhi labo abayobusa futhi kuphi. Izikhulu wamanga esiphambanweni njengesibonakaliso sokuthi bevumelana isinqumo, futhi wathembisa ngokuthi ngeke ukuwuchitha. Futhi bonke bavumelana ukuthi munye emelene labo abephula izifungo.

Isinqumo Congress kwakubaluleke mlando, njengoba kubonisa ngokucacile kwehlukana sangaphakathi Kievan Rus ku ahlukene principalities ezimele, ukulungele ukujoyina uma kwenzeka i songo zangaphandle. Konke lokhu kuye kwawathinta ubudlelwano phakathi prince uyishintshile ukufa kuphela Svyatopolka Izyaslavicha kanye eza namandla Vladimira Monomaha.

Congress Vitecheve

Sviatopolk i- isifungo Liubech, ukulalela uDavide ngenkulumo emnandi, ekhohlisayo ukuthi babekhwelezelana abazalwane cornflowers futhi Valadar Rostislavich. Cornflower ababemenyelwe lwakhe lokuzalwa, Sviatopolk avunyelwe uDavide imenze ungenise uVladimir.

Lesi senzo kwabathukuthelisa zonke boyars nezikhulu, njengoba enjalo nesihluku esikhohlisayo wayengakabi phakathi kwabo. UVladimir Monomakh ngokuthi kwamanye amalungu Congress abazalwane Oleg noDavide Svyatoslavich waya Kiev.

Wokulwa okwenzekile kuphela ngoba ecela Kiev futhi izwe Russian weza uVladimir nosingamama. Izikhulu waphoqelela Sviatopolk wahamba wayokulwa uDavide Igorevich, akwenza 1099

Kulandelwe ngemva kwempi kwaholela ekutheni izikhulu zibonise Congress entsha, owawusedolobheni 1100 e Vitichevske. umphumela walo kwaba ukubusa Vladimir-naseVolyn Svyatopolk umhlaba.

Dolobsky Congress

Dolobsky Congress 1103 waqokwa Vladimirom Monomahom, ukuthatha iseluleko ne Kiev isikhulu ku isidingo nokukhankasela ngokumelene Polovtsy. Svyatopolk Izyaslavich, inqubomgomo basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle okuyinto neze nomthelela nasekuqiniseni eRussia kanye ukukhululwa ejokeni we Polovtsian, wayengafuni imikhankaso yezempi, omema nesifiso sokungafuni ukulwa abezempi, futhi utshale.

Emhlanganweni echibini Dolobskogo, ibhange kwesokunxele Dnieper, uVladimir aphethwe inkulumo lapho enxusa ukuthi ngaphambi yokuhlwanyela kufanele imingcele, hhayi izitha nemizana eliyincithakalo futhi izitshalo zishisiwe ukuqiniswa.

Wamenza waqiniseka futhi ayephelezelwa, futhi Svyatopolk e isidingo impi ngokumelene Polovtsy. Ngakho ngaqala lapho ukuba umkhankaso wokulwa Rus abahlaseli.

yokuhamba ngezinyawo polovtsev

Umkhankaso ngo 1103 baba isenzo lokuqala lezempi inyunyana zezikhulu Kievan Rus ngokumelene khans Polovtsian. Eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kuka-7 udweshu phakathi kwamaqembu amabili kuye kwaholela yokuthi impi rusichi omusha ngamunye kukora ukunqoba kwasani.

impi ewumnqamula-juqu waba mpi Mashi 27, 1111, lapho amabutho Polovtsian zazifile ukuhlaselwa amasosha abanolaka isiRashiya, babaleka. Izikhulu impango ocebile emuva ekhaya.

Amakhosikazi nezingane Svjatopolka

On inkosikazi yokuqala Svjatopolka mlando anazi lutho, kodwa lo mshado azalelwa:

• indodana Yaroslav (1072-1123) - ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene Prince uVladimir-naseVolyn, Vyshgorod futhi Turov;
• indodakazi ka-Anna (1136 engqondweni.);
• indodakazi Sbyslava (d 1111.);
• Predslava indodakazi.

Umkakhe wesibili eyindodakazi Khan Tugorkana, ubhapathizo Elena. Kule umshado azalelwa:

• Bryachislav (1104-1123);
• Izjaslav (wafa ngo 1127.);
• Maria (d. Emva 1145).

Koonyana bakaRubhen, owamazibulo Svyatopolk wayeyindodana Mstislav (d. 1099), ozalwa owesifazane, isancinza.

Ukufa Svjatopolka Izyaslavich (usuku 16.04.1113) kuye kwaholela kwavukelwa ethandwa eKiev. Abantu awanelisekile nge wokubusa ngasekupheleni Duke, wafuna izinto ngenkani esihlalweni sobukhosi Vladimira Monomaha. Kuphela ukuyeka yezinxushunxushu, wavuma ukubusa eKiev.

Svyatopolk emlandweni Kievan Rus '

Ukufa Svjatopolka Izyaslavich abuqede the Time Nezinkinga, okuyinto emlandweni Kievan Rus wabiza enye olunegazi kakhulu futhi unonya. Njengoba sekunama- wokubusa Vladimira Monomaha kanye polity Waphuka waba isizwe obumbene enamandla.

Isibonelo zezinxushunxushu olunegazi futhi ukulahlekelwa okukhulu wokuphila phakathi inqubomgomo iDemo ababona ngokucacile futhi sokungazazi Svjatopolka baba ukuthi ababusi alandelayo isixwayiso Kievan Rus '.