OPV (umjovo): Izibuyekezo kanye nezinkinga ngemuva kwakhe

Uvendle - ukugula kungaholela nemiphumela engelapheki. Okuwukuphela kwesilinganiso lokuvikela yalesi sifo ngokugoma. OPV futhi IPV kufanele kwenziwe isiqiniseko umntwana. Namuhla sifunda indlela ukuze ziqonde lo izifinyezo kungani abanye abazali ngokumelene yokugoma nokuthi bexabana bo rejection ukusetshenziswa imigomo. Bathola nokuthi odokotela cabanga izingane lokugoma, kuhlanganise nabafana abangaba ngu OPV imigomo.

Kuyini uvendle?

Lokhu igciwane lohlobo, by esithinta isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko (umgogodla intambo grey ndaba), okuyinto kuholela okwengeziwe ukuze ukukhubazeka. Umthombo ukubukeka kwalesi sifo bangase benze ndoda njengoba zibona kanjani nempilo ebuthaka, futhi unguye isithwali lesi sifo, kodwa ngeke kusho ukuthi wamangala. Uvendle wadluliselwa amaconsi sisemoyeni, umzila fecal-ngomlomo.

I Lesi sifo siphatha kakhulu kule ukutheleleka izingane ezineminyaka engu-3 izinyanga iminyaka engu-5.

Ukwelapha lokhu inkinga iba nzima, kodwa kungenzeka ukuvimbela ivela khona. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga isikhathi ukuba bagome izingane. Umgomo, eye yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo uvendle - wokugoma OPV. Kuphoqelekile zonke izingane, kodwa abanye abazali bayenqaba ukwenza ukuba izingane zabo. Ekupheleni kwe-athikili sizobe baqonde ukuthi kungani ukwenza kanjalo.

OPV-yokugoma: emagama izifinyezo

Lezi zincwadi ezintathu ume igama izidakamizwa dolobha umgomo. basuke ukukhishwa ngokuthi "temlomo wokugoma uvendle." Oral - lokhu kusho ukuthi i-ejenti iqondiswa ngomlomo.

umkhiqizo Iyatholakala eRussia. Wenza e-Institute of Poliomyelitis Viral encephalitis kubo. M. P. Chumakova Rams.

izinhlobo yokugoma

Ngokuba nokuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo usebenzisa 2 izinhlobo izidakamizwa:

1. OPV-lokugoma iqukethe attenuated Ushintshe poliovirus bukhoma. Lo mjovo yisisombululo (amathonsi) ngoba instillation emlonyeni.
2. IPV - inactivated wokugoma uvendle. Lokhu kuhlanganisa Amagciwane efile. Lo mjovo yisisombululo kwezokuphatha esicutshini.

Kungani ngidinga ukwenza zombili izinhlobo imigomo?

Kuze 2010 eRussia kwenziwa lokugoma ngokumelene nalesi sifo esiyingozi kuphela IPV, okungukuthi ukulungiselela inactivated. Ngaleso sikhathi lalichuma isimo epidemiological kuleli zwe. Kodwa ngo-2010, e Tajikistan kwakukhona ukuvuleka lesi sifo, okuyinto eye yathinta neRussia. Khona-ke abafileyo 1 umuntu kuleli zwe. Ngenxa yalokho, uhulumeni wanquma yokugoma okuxubile. Manje onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila womntwana injected IPV, kulandele OPV. Revaccination e izingane ezindala Kwenziwa kuphela nge wokugoma bukhoma.

Kukanjani amathonsi yokugoma?

Isixazululo sokufeza nenqubo efana wokugoma uvendle OPV kuyinto pink ketshezi kokuba ebabayo okunosawoti-ukunambitheka. Incwadi lehla emlonyeni:

- Izinsana kuze kube iminyaka engu-2 - i-lymphoid emphinjeni.

- izingane abaneminyaka engama 2 - ku amalaka LasePalatine.

Kulezi zindawo akukho ukunambitheka efihlekile, ngakho abafana namantombazane musa athukuthele.

instillation ketshezi kukhicite umhlengikazi usebenzisa weThrojani alahlwayo eyenziwe ngepulasitiki ne isipetu. Isikali ingahluka, kuncike lokuhlushwa wasebenzisa imigomo. Ngakho, wezempilo ungafaka isicelo 2 noma 4 amathonsi.

Ngezinye izikhathi izingane regurgitate izidakamizwa. Kulokhu, kufanele usuphinda. Uma emva okwesibili ingane esephimisela ke yesithathu umzamo umhlengikazi asisho ukukhiqiza.

Made OPV-lokugoma ayivumeli ukusetshenziswa nokudla neziphuzo ngemva kwehora kube lokugoma.

Isikimu yokuphathwa

Le ndlela kokugwema izifo kwenziwa plan elandelayo:

- Lapho eneminyaka engu-3, 4, 5 no-6 izinyanga.

- Re-lokugoma wenziwa 18, 20 izinyanga, bese eminyakeni 14.

Ukuwohloka zempilo emva yokugoma

OPV - wokugoma, yezinkinga okuyinto cishe lingekho. Ezimweni ezingavamile, isiguli kancane umuntu angezwa imiphumela engemihle ezifana:

- Ukwandiswa nezinga lokushisa komzimba.

- esihlalweni Eliphakeme.

Ngokuvamile lezi zimpawu zinyamalale bebodwa zingakapheli izinsuku 2 emva yokugoma, ngakho akukho ukwelashwa ayidingekile.

Amazinga emva inoculation OPV ungandi noma ehla enyuka phakathi 37.5-38 degrees. Odokotela bezingane abakholelwa ukuthi akufanele sikhathazeke ngayo, ngaphandle uma kuhambisana ezengeziwe ukusabela kabi komzimba.

Komzimba (okweqile) zingavela amahora 2-3 emva inoculation, futhi ngemva 2 noma 3 izinsuku ngemuva kokuthola izidakamizwa emzimbeni. Lokhu lokushisa zigcinwe kusuka 3 izinsuku 2 amaviki. Uma ingane iyasebenza, ke akazihluphi ke akadingi ukudubula phasi. Uma ingane whiny, bengenandaba, ngenkathi ukusetshenziswa kwezimali kusukela lokushisa ephakeme kungenzeka.

izingxenye izidakamizwa

Ukwakheka OPV wokugoma uvendle simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

- Attenuated zamagciwane we izinhlobo ezintathu lokuqala isifo, isiko wanda ngezinga izinso amaseli lezimfene Afrika oluhlaza.

- IStabilizer - magnesium chloride.

- uyakulondoloza - sulfate kanamycin.

Kusho ukudayiswa ngesikhathi ngemithamo 10 noma 20.

Izimo

OPV-lokugoma akuyona kwenziwe ezimweni ezinjalo:

- Ezimweni immunodeficiency, kubandakanya i-HIV, izifo umdlavuza.

- With amasosha omzimba buthakathaka, futhi uma umndeni kukhona abantu abanezifo ezithathelwanayo.

- Nge yezinkinga zezinzwa kusukela odlule yokugoma OPV.

Ngokuqapha futhi kuphela ngaphansi kweso lwezokwelapha Kwenziwa lokugoma uma izinkinga kanye amathumbu esiswini.

Imiphumela emibi engavamile ngemva OPV

Kunezimo lapho umgomo kuholela nemiphumela ephambene uvendle ukutheleleka. Lokhu kungaba, kodwa kukhona kuyaqabukela, endaweni ethile emhlabeni 1 e-3 million. Lesi simo kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu: uma umgomo OPV iqondiswa ukuze kid onesifo ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni kwenzeka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kulawo mazwe lapho uvendle wahlulwa, njengengxenye lokugoma evamile IPV, ie imijovo. Kodwa uma umuntu uya kwelinye izwe lapho kunendingeko enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo, ke kungcono ukwenza OPV. Lo mjovo kuveza mzimba eqinile yilesi sifo.

Ukulungiselela yokugoma

OPV futhi IPV kudinga ukulungiswa umntwana wakhe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka sibonise wezingane baby yakho. Uchwepheshe uhlola ingane ngokucophelela, umlalela, ihlola emphinjeni, wazibuza ukuthi kukhona amalungu omndeni ogulayo ekhaya. Uma wonke umuntu enempilo ke wezingane unikeza isiqondiso ngokugoma.

Ngaphambi yokugoma futhi emva okuphakelayo namanzi akukwazi ingane ihora elingu-1. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umgomo engcono akheka emzimbeni wengane.

ukusabela ezingezinhle ngemva IPV

Njengoba lokhu umgomo inactivated, kusho ukuthi-ke akasoze kuholele ukutheleleka kwengane uvendle. Ngokungafani OPW. Kuyiqiniso futhi esimweni ukungcoliswa singenzeka kakhulu kuyaqabukela. Kepha yezinkinga, ngezinye izikhathi izingane yokusabela lendawo kungenzeka. Abanye bangase balahlekelwe esesuthi, umsebenzi encishisiwe. Kodwa akulona ushintsho esiyingozi bahambe.

DTP

Lena enye indlela nokuvinjelwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, kanye OPV-ngokugoma. Ukuchazwa lezi zincwadi ezine ilula - wokugoma DPT. DTP wenza umntwana kusukela izinyanga 3. Ngendlela efanayo njengoba OPV. Faka izidakamizwa intramuscularly ehlombe.

lokugoma oluphelele

Ngo Russia nase-Ukraine i-DTP wokugoma, OPV ngokuvamile kwenziwa ukuhlelwa. Okukhishwayo kuphela yilabo izimo lapho umntwana kuwo ku-schedule ngabanye. Ochwepheshe uqaphele ukuthi wokugoma kuhlanganiswe uvendle, ukukhwehlela whooping, ngqi futhi idiphtheria kusiza ukuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba enamandla. Udokotela angase anikeze isiqondiso a hlaba eziyinkimbinkimbi omunye le mithi, "Pentaxim", "Infariks Hex." Noma faka izidakamizwa e yokugoma ezimbili ezihlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube izidakamizwa ezifana "Infariks" + "Imovaks".

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wokugoma eziyinkimbinkimbi - kuhle kakhulu, nakuba isinqumo ngale kufanele kuthathwe wokugxilisa ngamunye ngoba DTP ngokwayo osindayo emzimbeni.

ADSM

Lena ukuguqulwa DPT lokugoma, kodwa ngaphandle isakhi ezifana wokugoma ngokumelene ukukhwehlela whooping.

It kuvela ukuthi emva kweminyaka 4 isifo singakabi okuyisimo esisongela ukuphila. Ngakho-ke, noma yimuphi umzali anganquma kanye nodokotela, onjani lokugoma, ngemva kweminyaka engu-4 wokwenza ingane - DTP noma ADSM.

Lo mjovo isetshenziswa maqondana abadala (imijovo njalo eminyakeni 10), kanye labantwana contraindications DTP. Ukugonywa ADSM, OPV ongasetshenziselwa ukulekelela wenza kwelinye futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lokhu DTP ukuguqulwa yisisombululo in vials ngoba umjovo. Zigonyelwa intramuscularly. Izindawo imijovo yilezi: hip, ehlombe, endaweni ngaphansi isiphanga. I buttock iqondiswa izidakamizwa is hhayi Kunconywa ngoba isiguli singase kamuva abe avuvukele emsipheni sciatic noma i-ejenti singena amafutha ongama. Ukugonywa ADSM, OPV specialist kuphela ngemva wezingane luhlolo. ukusabela ezingezinhle ezivela yokugoma ngokumelene idiphtheria nomhlathi-ngqi, kungaba:

- Fever.

- I vagaries ukwethuka.

- Ukwephula iphango.

- Izinkinga isihlalo.

imicabango yabantu Negative mayelana wokugoma

OPV uthola Izibuyekezo okuxubile. Abanye omama bacabanga ukuthi ngemva wokugoma ingane iyoba ukungenwa yizifo futhi bakwazi ngokushesha sithathe lesi sifo - uvendle. Empeleni, lokhu akusoze kwenzeke. Oda bese zigonywe ukuze bakwazi ukuzivikela futhi ingane isifo esiyingozi esibizwa uvendle. Abanye omama zigonywe udumo, abanye ukugxeka. Labo akakuthandanga umphumela izidakamizwa uvendle, waphawula ukuthi ngemiphumela droplet kuyinto. Ezinye izingane ukuqala ukwenza up, banalo ukungakuthandi ukudla, izinkinga ziqala isihlalo. Ukuvela nemiphumela emibi kungaba avuse OPV. Izinga lokushisa, beqhaqhazela emzimbeni - kungabuye nasemkhakheni zokuqala ezingu 2 emva yokugoma. Lezi zimpawu akudingeki kuphela ulinde, baye wedwa.

Kodwa kukhona ezinye omama abaqinisekayo ukuthi ngemva OPV izingane ukugula nge acute izifo zokuphefumula ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ngesizathu esithile, abazali bayaqiniseka ukuthi umgomo ukusiza ukugula kwengane. Nokho, empeleni akunjalo. Ayikho ukugoma, kuhlanganise nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa uvendle abakwazi ukukwenza buthaka zokuzivikela umsebenzi umzimba. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi izingane sigule emva yokugoma, ngakho lokhu kuyinto abazali inkinga. Mhlawumbe umama nengane isikhathi eside ezazisemizini umtholampilo. Futhi ngenkathi elinde sako yokugoma, ingane ukuxhumana nabanye izingane kungenzeka kwakungekhona enempilo. amagciwane esendlini futhi amagciwane ande ngokushesha futhi ngokunembile ezibhedlela abafana namantombazane ngokuvamile zithole ukungenwa. Futhi akukho sasibucayi cha, kudingeka lungadambisa ingane yakho, ngakho musa unamathela kuso akukho virus, ngemva kwaso ngeke ukwethula ukulungiswa ezidingekayo, okungukuthi agonywe. OPV futhi isinyathelo ngokumelene nalabo bantu abenza bebhekene nenkinga yokugoma eliphansi. Lokho, bathi, emuva kokuba ingane zigonywe wagula, bahlanzwe, uvele indle okuxekethile, imfiva, kanye nomntwana waphuthunyiswa esibhedlela. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, udinga ukusebenzisa lezi amathiphu ezisebenza.

iseluleko esibalulekile kubazali

Uma abanye omama bayesaba ukuthi ayinayo imiphumela emva yokugoma ngesikhathi izingane zabo zazingamukeleki ke udinga ukulandela lezi ziqondiso:

- Qiniseka ukuthi ngithande izinga umgomo, usuku zokukhiqiza, izimo USB.

- Njalo umama kufanele bazi ukuthi impilo yengane yakhe ngaphambi kokunquma ukugoma. Uma ingane igula noma ukugula ngesonto eledlule, lapho lehla ukuvuza akuvumelekile. OPV kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ingane enempilo ngokuphelele.

- Ngemva lokugoma, qiniseka ukunikeza indodana noma indodakazi izidakamizwa antiallergic.

- Uma ungakwazi ke ukuza lomgomo nomndeni wonke. Ake ubaba nengane uhamba endleleni, kuyilapho umama uzobe elinde sako. Ngakho okungenzeka yokubamba igciwane emtholampilo kuyehla, kanti umntwana kuzoletha OPV okukhulu.

okubuyayo esuka kubantu

OPV libuyekeza ithola hhayi kuphela disapproving, kodwa futhi uyababazeka. Ngokuvamile okubuyayo mkhulu okungekuhle. Ngakho, labo omama owakhuphula ingane enempilo emtholampilo wokugomela uvendle, uqaphele ukuthi inqubo iqhubeke ngaphandle kwezihibe. Ingane akuyona ukwethuka, akusho ukukhala, akusho ukuzwa ngalokho ke ukuvuza amaconsi. Futhi umama azizwe engcono, ngoba ayidingi ukusiduduza indodana noma indodakazi yakhe. OPV - akuyona umjovo izingane eziningi wesabe.

Noma kunjalo, abazali abaningi bathi uma unakekelwa kahle wengane Awekho imiphumela emibi evela wokugoma uvendle ngeke. Futhi kuyiqiniso ngempela. Ngokwengxenye enkulu izingane ibekezelelwe kahle umgomo.

Ukugonywa - imfuneko endleleni eya impilo zesizwe.

UDkt

Odokotela bezingane sikholelwe ukuthi akekho nokuvimbela engcono uvendle kuka wokugoma akusho. Ngakho-ke, odokotela njalo ezama ukwenza abazali ukuthi imithi yokugoma akuzona eziyingozi. Usongo ingane adalwe abazali abafunda eziningi ulwazi olungamanga emaphephandabeni noma wezwa ngalokwanele ajwayelekile ezingozini ukugoma, ukuyekwa ebhaliwe evela izingane zigonywe. Asikho isidingo nempela izindaba ezingelona iqiniso, ukuze sifinyelele iziphetho ngesisekelo idatha zamanga. Goma ingane kufanele kube impoqo, futhi yimuphi udokotela uzokutshela ngakho. Umbuto ukutsi, lapho ukukwenza. Uma umfana noma intombazane egula, noma yimuphi udokotela eceleni ukugoma.

Odokotela bezingane bathi: neminye imiphumela Akubanga esesokile lokugoma, abazali Kumele futsi abasite. Kanjani? Ngesikhathi reception, qiniseka ukukhuluma esasikhuluma ngokuwohloka kungenzeka zempilo: amakhala yisisu, ukukhwehlela kanye nezinye izimpawu of igciwane lohlobo.

isiphetho

Uvendle - isifo esiyingozi esithathelanayo engaholela ukukhubazeka. isikhathi esibalulekile kanye nokugxilisa ingane ukuthi wayengumuntu ziyawathinta ngalokhu kugula. Ngakho-ke, uhambo esifike wezingane, imvume yabazali yokugoma - iresiphi for impilo yezingane zethu. OPV iyona isilinganiso eziyisisekelo ekuvimbeleni izifo ezifana poliomyelitis. Futhi kwenza kube efiselekayo zonke izingane, ngokuvumelana izinkomba.