Onkulunkulu baseJapane namademoni. Onkulunkulu baseJapan benjabulo, inhlanhla, ukufa kanye nempi

Izwe elangeni eliphumayo - iJapane - lihlukaniswa ngokwenkolo nakwezinye izindawo zomhlaba. Njengoba sincane kakhulu ensimini, iJapane iye yakwazi ukwakha isitayela sayo esiyingqayizivele, isiko layo, hhayi nje kuphela eNtshonalanga, kodwa nasezimpumalanga eziseduze. Kuze kube manje, ngenxa yenani elikhulu labantu, isiko lesimfihlo esivela kulezi zibonakaliso eziyisikhombisa lihlala lisiko lenkolo yamaJapane kanye nonkulunkulu baseJapane.

Umhlaba wezenkolo waseJapane

Isithombe senkolo seJapane sinezici ezimbili - iBuddhism neShinto. Uma kukhona okunye okungaziwa ngomuntu wokuqala kumfundi okhuluma isiRussia, khona-ke isintu seShinto saseJapane sivame ukuba ngumgodi ophelele. Kodwa kusukela kulo mkhuba ukuthi cishe zonke izithixo namadimoni zaseJapane ezihlonishwayo ngokuvamile zenzeka.

Kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi ngokwemvelo ngeBuddhism neShinto, iningi labantu abaningi baseJapane bazibandakanya ngokwabo - kuze kube ngamaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye namaphesenti, ngokwezifundo ezithile. Futhi cishe bonke babethi izinkolo zombili. Lesi yisici sokwethenjelwa kwenkolo yaseJapane - kufinyelela ekuhlanganisweni kwemikhakha ehlukene, ukuhlanganisa izakhi ezihlukahlukene kokubili ukuzikhandla nokufundisa. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, onkulunkulu bamaJapane abavela eShinto bamukelwa yi-metaphysics yobuBuddha, ukukhulekela kwabo kwaqhubeka emlandweni wenkolo yobuBuddha.

Shinto yindlela yawonkulunkulu

Kuyadingeka ukuthi usho ngokufishane mayelana namasiko awanikeza impilo emaphandleni onkulunkulu baseJapane. Okokuqala, yi-Shinto, okusho ukuthi "indlela yonkulunkulu." Umlando wayo uphelela emlandweni kuze kube manje ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukucacisa ngokungaqondile isikhathi noma isimo sesimo saso. Into kuphela engashiwo ngokunemba ngokuphelele ukuthi i-Shinto yazalwa futhi yaqhutshwa eJapane, ihlala inqubo engaqondakali futhi ehlukile, kuze kube yilapho isandiso seBuddhist, esingenalo ithonya nhlobo. Izinganekwane zeShinto ziyingqayizivele kakhulu, inkolo ihlukile, futhi umbono wezwe kunzima kakhulu ekuqondeni okujulile.

Ngokuvamile, iShinto igxile ekuhlonipheni umphefumulo kaKami noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo ezingokomoya zezidalwa ezihlukahlukene, izimo zemvelo, izindawo nezindawo ezingapheli (ngomqondo waseYurophu). I-Kami ingaba nompumputhe futhi inomusa, inamandla noma ngaphezulu. Imimoya-abanikazi bemindeni noma idolobha nazo ziyiKami. Lokhu, kanye nokukhulekelwa kwemimoya yobukhokho baseShinto, kufana ne-animism yendabuko kanye ne-shamanism ehlala cishe kuwo wonke amasiko nezinkolo zobuhedeni esiteji esithile sokuthuthukiswa. AmaKami onkulunkulu baseJapane. Amagama abo avame ukuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isikhathi eside kakhulu - kuze kube yimigqa embalwa yombhalo.

UbuBuddha BamaJapane

Ukufundisa kwenkosi yaseNdiya eJapane kwathola umhlabathi omuhle futhi kwagxila kakhulu izimpande. Kusukela ngekhulu le-VI, ngokushesha nje lapho uBuddha efika eJapane, wathola abanikazi abaningi lapho bebhekene namakhono amakhulu futhi anethonya lomphakathi waseJapane. Futhi emva kweminyaka engamakhulu amathathu ngakwazi ukufeza inkolo kahulumeni.

Ngokwemvelo yayo, ubuBuddha buJapane buyingqayizivele, alufaneli uhlelo olulodwa noma isikole, kodwa luhlukaniswe ngamahlelo amaningi ahlukene. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo umuntu angakwazi ukubeka ukubandakanya iningi lazo ngokuya kweZen Buddhism.

Ngokomlando, iBuddhism ibonakala ngokuhlanganiswa kwenkolo. Ngamanye amazwi, uma, isibonelo, umkhankaso wamaKristu noma wamaSulumane ukhombisa ukuthi amakholwa aguqula inkolo eyodwa kwenye, uBuddha akasangeni kuloluhlobo lwezingxabano. Ngokuvamile kunalokho, imikhuba nezimfundiso zobuBuddha zithululwa enkolweni ekhona, ukugcwalisa, Ukuyivuselela. Lokhu kwakunjalo ngeHinduism eNdiya, inkolo yeBob eTibet nezinye izikole eziningi zenkolo, kuhlanganise neShinto eJapane. Ngakho-ke, namuhla kunzima ukuphendula ngokungaqondile ukuthi yini onkulunkulu bamaJapane namademoni aseJapane - iBuddhist Bodhisattvas, noma imimoya yobuqaba yemvelo.

Ithonya lobuBuddha ngeShinto

Kusukela phakathi nenkulungwane yokuqala, futhi ikakhulukazi kusukela ekhulwini le-9, iShinto yaqala ukuzwa ithonya eliqine kakhulu lobuBuddha. Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni uKami kuqala waba ngumvikeli ongokomoya weBuddhism. Abanye babo bahlanganiswa nabangcwele bamaBuddha, futhi kamuva imfundiso yamemezelwa ukuthi i-kami idinga ngisho nokusindiswa ngendlela yomkhuba wamaBuddhist. NgeShinto, lawa yimibono engavumelani - ekuqaleni kwakungekho mqondo wensindiso, yesono. Kwakungekho ngisho nokumelwa kwenhloso kokuhle nokubi. Ukukhonza kami, onkulunkulu baholela izwe ukuba livumelane, ubuhle, ekuqaphelisweni nasekuthuthukiseni umuntu, yena, ngokwakhe, ophefumulelwe ukuxhumana namademoni, wanquma okuhle nokubi kuzo zonke izimo ezithile. Ukungahambisani ngaphakathi kwamasiko amabili kwaholela eqinisweni lapho kwakukhona ukunyakaza kokuhlanzwa kweShinto kusuka ekubolekweni kweBuddhist. Ukuzama ukuvuselela isiko sokuqala kwaholela ekubuyiseleni okubizwa ngokuthi umbusi waseMeiji ngekhulu le-19, okwahlukanisa ubuBuddha neShinto.

I-Supreme Japanese Gods

Izinganekwane zaseJapane zihlanganisa izindaba eziningi mayelana nezenzo zawonkulunkulu. Owokuqala kulawa kwakunguqembu leKami, okuthiwa yiTamagagahara. Lezi zintathu zakwaShinto zazihlanganisa noNkulunkulu omkhulu u-Ame-no Minakanusi kodwa uKami, unkulunkulu wamandla kaTamusuhi-noKami noNkulunkulu wokuzalwa kukaKamimusuhi-kami. Ngokuzalwa kwezulu nomhlaba, kwafakwa amanye amabili uKami - U-Umasi Ashikabi Hikoyi-noKami no-Ame noTokotati-kami. Lezi zithixo ezinhlanu zazibizwa ngokuthi uKoto Amazuki futhi zihlonishwa eShinto njengenhlobo le-kami eliphakeme. Ngezansi zabo ezikhundleni zobukhosi kukhona onkulunkulu baseJapane, abaloluhlu lwabo alupheli. Kulesi sihloko encwadini yaseJapan kukhona ngisho nesaga esithi "IJapane lizwe labamane abayizigidi eziyisishiyagalombili".

Izanagi no-Izanami

Ngokushesha emva kukaKoto Amatsuka, kulandela izizukulwane eziyisikhombisa zikaKami, okuyizinyanga ezimbili zokugcina ezihlonishwayo ikakhulukazi - umbhangqwana oshadile u-Idzanagi no-Izanami, abanelungelo lokudala u-Oyashima - iziqhingi zaseJapane. Babengowokuqala kami owayekwazi ukubeletha onkulunkulu abasha futhi wabeletha abaningi.

I-Izanami unkulunkulukazi wokuphila nokufa

Zonke izimo zezwe zilawulwa kami. Futhi izinto ezibonakalayo, nezenzakalo ezingezona izinto - zonke zilawulwa onkulunkulu baseJapan abanethonya. Ukufa kunikelwa ukunakwa eziningana zezinhlamvu zasezulwini zaseJapane. Isibonelo, indaba ethakazelisayo ekhuluma ngokubonakala kokufa emhlabeni. Ngokusho kwakhe, u-Izanami washona ngesikhathi ezalwa indodana yakhe yokugcina - unkulunkulu womlilo u-Kagutsuti - futhi wathuthela e-underworld. U-Izanagi wehla ngemuva kwakhe, uthola futhi aze akhombise ukubuyela. Umfazi ucela kuphela ngethuba lokuphumuza ngaphambi kohambo futhi eshiya ekamelweni, ecela indoda ukuba ingamkhathazi. Idzanagi uphula isicelo futhi ulala embhedeni isidumbu esibi esonakele somuntu owayengumthandi wakhe wangaphambili. Ngesabekayo ubalekela phezulu, egcwalisa umnyango ngamatshe. U-Izanami, ecasulwe yilolu senzo somyeni wakhe, ufunga ukuthi uzoziphindisela, athathe imiphefumulo yabantu abayizinkulungwane embusweni wakhe nsuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, ngokumangalisayo, onkulunkulu baseJapane bokufa baqala ubukhosi babo nonkulunkulukazi ongumama, kami omkhulu owanikezela impilo yonke into. U-Iyanjigi yena wabuyela endaweni yakhe futhi wayehlanjululwa ngemuva kokuvakashela izwe labafileyo.

Onkulunkulu baseJapane bempi

Lapho u-Izanami efa, ebeletha inzalo yakhe yokugcina, u-Izanagi waphukuthela wambulala. Inkolelo yaseShinto isitshela ukuthi ngenxa yalokho, kwazalwa uKami ambalwa. Omunye wabo kwakungu-Takemikazuti - unkulunkulu wenkemba. Mhlawumbe, nguyena owokuqala okuvela kuye onkulunkulu bempi yaseJapane. Nokho, i-Takemikazuti, ayibonakalwanga njengomuntu nje kuphela. Wayehlotshaniswa kakhulu nekrele futhi waba nesigca sakhe sisho, emele, uma ngingasho kanjalo, umphefumulo wenkemba, umqondo wakhe. Futhi kakade ngenxa yalokho, i-Takemikazuti yayihlotshaniswa nezimpi. Ukulandela i-Takemikazuti ehlotshaniswa nezimpi nezimpi, nguNkulunkulu uHachiman. Lo mlingisi uye wavikela amasosha kusukela ekuqaleni. Ngesinye isikhathi, ngesikhathi seNkathi Ephakathi, naye wayehlonishwa njengomphathi we-Samurai clan. Khona-ke ukuthandwa kwakhe kwanda, waqala ukuphakamisa indawo ye-samurai yonke indawo, ngesikhathi esifanayo ephethe izindawo ezivelele enkundleni yeShinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Hachiman wakhonza njengomgcini wezinqaba zombuso kanye nombusi ngokwakhe, kanye nomndeni wakhe.

Abashayeli benjabulo nenhlanhla

Unkulunkulu waseJapane wenjabulo yakha iqembu lama-kami ayisikhombisa, okuthiwa i-Cityfukdzin. Umsuka wabo uhambe kancane futhi umelela izithombe ezenziwe yinye yamamonsi ezivela kumaBuddhist naseTaoist ezinhlanganisweni zezinganekwane zaseJapane zendabuko. Empeleni, onkulunkulu baseJapane abanenhlanhla - kuphela i-Daikoku ne-Ebisu. Amashumi ayisihlanu asele angeniswa ngaphakathi noma angeniswa ngaphandle, nakuba asekelwe kahle emasikweni aseJapane. Namuhla, ngayinye yalezi eziyisikhombisa inezinhlaka zayo zomthwalo kanye nomthelela wayo.

Unkulunkulukazi weLanga

Omunye akakwazi ukukhuluma ngomunye wabameleli abakhulu kunazo zonke zezinganekwane zaseJapane - unkulunkulukazi welanga u-Amaterasu. Ilanga lihlala lihlala endaweni ebalulekile ekukholweni kwesintu, ngoba lihlobene ngokuphila, ukukhanya, ukushisa, ukuvuna. EJapane, lokhu kwanezelwa enkolelweni yokuthi umbusi uyinzalo eqondile yalesi sinkulunkulukazi.

Kwakukhona i-Amaterasu kusukela kwesobunxele be-Izanagi ngaleso sikhathi lapho enza ukuhlanzwa kwakhe okungcolile. Kanye naye, uKami amaningana waphuma. Kodwa ababili babo babenezindawo ezikhethekile. Okokuqala, uTukuyomi ungunkulunkulu wenyanga, ozelwe ngenye iso. Okwesibili, uSusanoo unkulunkulu womoya nolwandle. Ngakho-ke, yilowo nalowo wesithathu wathola isiphetho saso. Izinkolelo ezengeziwe zikhuluma ngokuxoshwa kukaSusanoo. Onkulunkulu bamaJapane bamxosha ukuba enze uchungechunge olunzima ngokumelene nodadewabo nobaba wakhe.

U-Amaterasu wayehlonishwa njengomsebenzi wezolimo kanye nokukhiqizwa kosilika. Futhi ngezikhathi ezizayo kwaqokwa noBuddha waseVairochan, ohlonishwayo eJapane. Empeleni, u-Amaterasu waba yinhloko yezwe laseJapane.