Okukhulu kakhulu Spaso-Prilutsky, Vologda: amahora zokusebenzela, izithombe

I-Monastery of Savior-Prilutsky ingenye yezakhiwo ezinkulu zenkolo zaseNyakatho yaseRussia. Labizwa ngeSonto laseSpassky le-monastery kanye ne-bend river (hay-bark), lapho itholakala khona. Namuhla kuyinkimbinkimbi yezikhumbuzo zezakhiwo zekhulu le-XVI-XVIII lokubaluleka kwezwe.

Umlando omncane

Umsindisi waseMsindisi-Prilutsky (Vologda Region) uvele kuleli zwe ngo-1371, enyakatho yeVologda, emgwaqeni oholela eBeloozero, eduze nomuzi waseVivryagovo. Umsunguli wayo ungumongameli waseRashiya odumile , ophethe iVologda Dimitry Prilutsky. Wakha isonto lezinkuni endlini yezindela, futhi eduze kwalo kwakhiwa amangqamuzana enziwe ngamatshe.

Abalimi ababenabo la mazwe, u-Ilya no-Isidor Vyprryag, njengoba umlando ufakazela, bajabule ukunikeza lezi zindawo ngesizathu esihle. Ngokwezikhathi ezithile, uMsindisi-Prilutsky Monastery (Vologda) uhlale ejabulela ukuhlonishwa okukhulu nokuhlonishwa okukhulu kwamaDokodo Omkhulu kaJohane III, uJohn IV, uBasil III.

Lapho uJohn III eya eKazan (1503), wathatha esitokisini isithonjana sikaDimitri Prilutsky esibhalwe nguDionysius. Ebuyela ngokunqoba, wahlobisa isithonjana ngesiliva negolide. I-monastery yaseSpaso-Prilutsky yavakashwa nguBasil III nomkakhe u-Elena Glinskaya (1528) ngenkathi kuhambela izindwendwe zaseRashiya.

Isigqoko sesigxobo sika-140 cm, esihlotshiswe ngezithombe eziningi eziqoshiwe ezenziwe ngethambo elimhlophe futhi zimbozwe nge-basma eqoshiwe, zathathwa e-monastery kaJohn IV phakathi nomkhankaso wokulwa noKazan (1552). Abalando-mlando baxhuma lesi siqhingi saseKilikievsky esivela enkampanini yaseCilicia yasendulo, e-Asia Minor. Manje ligcinwe e-Vologda Museum. Ngokomlando we-SM Soloviev, uDimitri Prilutsky wadala i-monastery emigwaqweni eyaholela eVologda eya eNorth Ocean. I-Spaso-Prilutskiy Dimitriev Monastery ekhulwini le-XVI yaphenduka enye yezindwendwe ezidume kakhulu futhi ezicebile enyakatho yezwe.

Izakhiwo

Phakathi nendawo yezindela kukhona ibhontshisi kanye noMsindisi Cathedral. Kwakuyithempeli lokuqala elakhiwe ngamatshe edolobheni. Ukuze ukwakhiwa kwakhe kuhambe ngokushesha, u-Ivan the Terrible wayala isimemezelo sakhe sokukhulula lezindela ngemisebenzi. Umsebenzi wokwakha wagcwaliswa ngo-1542. Ngonyaka ofanayo, izindlu zezindela zeMsindisi-Prilutskiy Dimitriev, kanye nesonto eliphakeme elakhiwe, livakashelwe nguJohn IV.

I-cathedral iyafana nezakhiwo zenkolo zaseMoscow. Ithempeli lefomu le-cubic, i-two-storied, i-pedestal ezintathu, insika ezine. Ikhishwa ngamakhanda ama-helmet enamehlo ayisihlanu, atholakale emidumbini enemijikelezo. Ngaphansi kwezigubhu kukhona i-cornice, ehlotshiswe nge-slot yokuhlobisa. Izitezi zokuqala zinezikhukhula, izigqoko zalo eziyisihluthulelo zisekelwa ama-pilaster amane, ama-cornices abo aphethwe yi-zakomarars ezinemizimba emithathu.

Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, umkhumbi wesentshonalanga wabonakala lapha kuze kube sekhulwini le-XVII. Eningizimu nasenyakatho kwakhiwa kamuva, ngo-1672. Umpheme wesango langasentshonalanga uhlanganisa izinsika ezimbili zamatshe nezinsimbi ezimbili. Besekela ama-arches amabili, atholakala ohlangothini ngalunye. Ehlangothini olusentshonalanga kwebhulagi ungabona isenzo. Ebusweni obushelelezi budwetshwe ngefresco.

I-cathedral ibonakala ibusa izakhiwo ezizungezile futhi iphuma ngokubukeka okukhulu. Ivolumu enkulu yeCubic, efake i-podklete ephezulu, ibonakala iyamangalisa kakhulu. Ezingxenyeni ezintathu i-cathedral ibhajwe yizibuko, futhi kusukela empumalanga kukhona ama-apses amathathu.

Izindonga zethempeli zihlukaniswe ngamapulangwe angama-flat and wide wide into ezintathu. Ngaphezulu kwazo kukhona izingxenye ezimbili zama-macakomar amakhulu amakhulu, ane-keel encane phakathi. Ngokungafani namathempeli enhloko-dolobha, lenziwa ngokuthobeka okugcizelele okukhona endaweni yokwakhiwa esenyakatho. Kumele uqaphele ikhambi elihlose kakhulu lokuhlobisa ama-facades.

Umhlobiso obhekene nokunye okuhlukeneko wemigubhu, equkethe amabhande womgijimi, ama-arches, ama-nicks kanye ne-curb. NgoSeptemba 1811, kwaphuma umlilo ekhandleleni elalikhohliwe ethempelini. Yonke imidwebo yangaphakathi ishiswa phansi. Ezinye izahluko zishisiwe.

Lapho amaFrance ehlasela inhloko-dolobha (1812), ingcebo ye-sacristy yezinzalamizi zaseNovovassky, i-Chudov, i-Ugreshsky, i-Znamensky, i-Novodevichy, i-Pokrovsky, i-monzère Voznesensky, i-Trinity Lavra yaseSt. Sergius namanye amasonto aseMoscow athathwa enhlokodolobha. Izindinganiso zazisendaweni yesikhishobhi kuze kukhululwe inhloko-dolobha.

Ukubuyiselwa kweCathhedral

Kusukela ngo-1813 kuya ku-1817, ithempeli lakhiwa kabusha. Ukulungisa amakhanda awonakele, kunqunywe ukuba ubanike umumo onjenge-pitcher. Izindonga ezakhiwe zibuyiselwe ngokuphelele.

U-Ivan Baranov - I-Yaroslavl master - nabasizi abayisishiyagalombili ngaphakathi bangena ezindongeni ze-cathedral. Umlimi waseVologda, uMorin Gorin, ngo-1841 wenza inhloko entsha yekontrasi kanye nensimu yombhoshongo. Emgumbini ophansi we-cathedral kwakukhona amathuna wezikhulu zamalahle uJohn noDimitri, abathunjwa uJohn III ukuboshwa kuleli dolobha elisenyakatho noDimitri Prilutsky. Esikhathini sezindela uJohn wathatha isifungo futhi wathola igama lika-Ignatius. Amathuna amaMonks Ignatius noDimitrii Prilutsky namuhla abuyiselwe ngokuphelele - yizona iziqu ze-monastery ezihlonishwa kakhulu ngabazalwane nabahambi.

Isango LaseSangweni

Isango eliyinhloko lezindwendwe, isonto lesango phezu kwabo, futhi ingxenye yodonga kwakhiwa emva kokwakhiwa kweKhedhedral of the All-Mercy Savior. Bahlobisa ukungena eMonastery of Savior-Prilutsky eceleni komgwaqo oholela eKirillov, eB Belozersk nase-Arkhangelsk.

Isonto lesango lalingcweliswa egameni likaTheodore Stratelates ngo-1590, kodwa kamuva laqanjwa kabusha ngegama le-Ascension of the Lord (1841). Ngokusho kwamarekhodi ekhulwini le-XVII, eligcina uMsindisi-Prilutsky Monastery (esifundeni saseVologda), kubonakala sengathi isonto letshe elinemidwebo emine lapho amabellane afakwa khona lalihlanganiswe esontweni elisenkundleni. Kwakukhona iwashi lesondo esontweni.

Ngomnyaka ka-1730, ithempeli laguqulwa libe yintonga encane. Kuze kube manje, i-quadrangle esine-fouryed egcinwe, lapho i-octal of the ringing yakhiwe khona. Ngonyaka ka-1914, kwaba khona insimbi eyodwa kuphela, enesisindo esingama-52. Wadonswa yinkosi endala yezindondo, uChartyshnikov (1876). Ukuhlobisa lesi sakhiwo ngamabhande, ama-niches, ama-arches, umgijimi kanye nomgqoko wegubhu nezindonga. Ukuhlobisa okunjalo, lapho ungabona khona ithonya le-Novgorod neMoscow, livame kakhulu kumathempeli asenyakatho avela etsheni lekhulu le-15 le-16. Izindonga zihlukaniswa ngenye yezinhlamvu ezimbili.

I-Church of the Assumption

Namuhla iSonto LaseMsindisi-Prilutsky (Vologda) lisezindaweni zalo i- Assumption Church eyingqayizivele , yabonakala lapha engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-16. Wathuthwa esuka endlini yasezindlini yase-Alexander-Kushtsky, eyayiseduze nomuzi wase-Ustia, emfuleni iKushte.

Lesi yisikhumbuzo esidala kunazo zonke zokwakhiwa kwokhuni eNyakatho YaseRussia. Ifomu lalo lwakhiwa lifakazela ukufisa okunamandla. Ngaphezulu kwevolumu ehambayo kune-octagon enkulu ephuma phezulu. Ibizwa ngokuthi inqwaba. I-octagon ihlotshiswe itende elincane futhi eliphakeme nekhanda elincane. Izingxenye ze-lateral (ezanciphisa kakhulu) ziphela ngokuphahlazeka okunamandla okugobile. Umbala wesiliva wamapuleki ngokhuni (melecha), ahlanganisa uphahla kanye netende, lihlanganiswe ngokugcwele nama-shade ama-shades ama-shades. Zonke izinhlobo zesakhiwo azihlanganiswa ngokungenakuqhathaniswa. Bakha ukuwa okukodwa nokuvumelanisa.

Isonto Labo Bonke Osanta

I-Spaso-Prilutsky Dmitriev Monastery inesinye isonto elithakazelisayo. Ekuqaleni wayeyisibhedlela, ngoba wayekude nesakhiwo esibhedlela. I-one-headed, eyodwa-indaba yokukhanya kabili. Yakhiwa ngo-1721 futhi yahlukaniswa egameni laBangcwele abathathu. Kamuva kakhulu (ngo-1781) kwaqanjwa kabusha igama lalabo bonke abangcwele.

Belfry

Ngokuziqhenya kakhulu abahambeli nabazalwane bendlunkulu yezindela zezindela, okuyindawo yezindela zaseSpaso-Prilutsky (esifundeni saseVologda). Ukwakhiwa okufanayo okufanayo kwakhiwa nekontrarethi. Yayiseduze nephiko elisenyakatho-ntshonalanga. Kodwa maduzane waxoshwa. Le entsha, ekhona namhlanje, yakhiwe ngo-1654.

Ngo-1736 kwakunezinsimbi eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili kulo. Okubaluleke kunawo wonke kwaba nesisindo esingaphezu kuka-357. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona nensimbi yezindaba. Isisindo salo sidlula ama-55. Kulo mfanekiso wezikhulu uJohn and Dimitry we-Uglich. Lezi zinsimbi zaphonswa ngo-1738 yiNkosi yase-Idolobha i-Ivan Korkutsky. E-octagon engenhla, iwashi lesondo elinokulwa lafakwa. Amakamelo we-chetverik enamandla aphansi ayefanelwe isonto namaseli.

I-Vvedensky Church

Amavesi ahlanganisiwe axhuma uMsindisi weChristian neyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo. Omunye wabo yiChurch of the Presentation. Lesi yisakhiwo esisodwa esiphezulu esisodwa esinezitezi ezinesidlo esiseduze. Isikhathi sokwakhiwa kwayo, ngeshwa, asiyazi ngokuqinisekile. Ezichazweni ze-monastic ze-1623 sezivele zichazwe njengetshe.

Iphansi elingaphansi lihlala ethempelini namuhla. Ngo-1876, isonto, elahlukaniselwa egameni lomfel 'ukholo u-Varvara , lakhiwa kuleli sonto . Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlobisa kwayo, okwenziwa ngendlela ye-kokoshnikov, kuhlanganiswa ngokuphelele neKathhedral yoMsindisi kanye ne-gatehouse ye-Ascension Church. Amabhande ahlobisa ama-balusters, curbs kanye nishek anika ithempeli ukubukeka okuhle kakhulu.

ISonto likaCatherine

Empumalanga yeSonto LaseVvedensky (amamitha ayishumi ukusuka) limelela isonto elincane elenziwe ngamatshe egameni leMarty Martyr Great noSt. Prince Vladimir. Yakhiwa ngo-1830 ngemali yomnikazi wenini evela kuVologda V. Volotsky. Yakhelwe phezu kwamathuna ezihlobo zakhe, abafihlwe lapha.

Izindonga nemibhoshongo

I-Vologda Spaso-Prilutsky Monastery ekhulwini lama-17 yayizungezwe izinhlangothi ezintathu ngecingo lwezinsika zamapulangwe. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona isango eliphakathi kuphela nesigaba esincane sodonga olubahlanganisa nabo. Lesi esinye sezizathu zokubhujiswa kwezindela ngo-1612-1619. I-Monastery yoMsindisi-Prilutsky, isithombe ongabona kuso esihlokweni sethu, sasihlanganiswe ngokuphelele ngodonga lwamatshe ngemibhoshongo ngo-1656. Yakhelwe ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho yokwakha isayensi yekhulu le-XVII.

Izindonga zamasonto kule plan zinokucushwa kwe-quadrilateral (engavamile). Emakhoneni ayo kwakhiwe imibhoshongo engamakhilomitha angama-hexagonal, ahlangene nomunye ngezindonga eziphakeme. Kusuka enyakatho, isango elikhulu lamatshe neSango LaseSonto lakhiwa. Ehlangothini olusentshonalanga kuwuMbhoshongo wamanzi olayini onamasango ahlukene aholela emfuleni. Engxenyeni yaseningizimu kukhona amasango amancane (wesithathu), okwakhiwe namuhla ngezitini.

Imibhoshongo yekhoneni isandiswa kakhulu kusuka endizeni yezindonga. Babehloselwe ukuzivikela okwesikhashana. Ngodonga lwangaphandle lwemibhoshongo kukhona ukulenga izingodo (mashukuli). Imibhoshongo yangaphakathi, enkabeni inezinsika zamatshe. Lezi yizinsizakalo zezinsika zethempeli, kanye nokuxhumana okuhlangene phakathi kanye nesisekelo semibhoshongo yokubuka.

Izindonga zinezixhobo zokuqhuba izimpi eziphezulu nezansi. Ngaphakathi, eduze kwamatshe amatshe kukhona inkundla engenhla. Kuyinto ezungeze zonke izindonga. Ubude obuphelele bezindonga zingamamitha angu-830 ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayisikhombisa nengxenye.

Namuhla hhayi kuphela abahamba ngezinyawo, kodwa nabavakashi abavamile bavakashela uMsindisi-Prilutsky Monastery (Vologda). Amahora ayo okuvula angcono izivakashi. Sizokuxoxa ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe kamuva.

Izakhiwo

I-Savior-Priluki Monastery ekhulwini le-XVII labhujiswa izikhathi eziningana. Ngakho-ke, ngoDisemba 1618, izinqola zikaHetman Shelkovodsky noCoscack Atam Balovny bashisa amakholi angu-59 bephila endaweni yokucubungula, kwafa abantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu amabili ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa.

Abantu baseLithuania nabasePoles bachitha izinsuku ezintathu ejele. Bachitha futhi bachithe impahla, bashise ingxenye yengqolobane yomlando wezindela. Futhi ngonyaka olandelayo i-monasteri yonakaliswa. Lesi sikhathi senziwa yisikhulu saseSiberia u-Aleyevich, owafika "ekuqapha" i-monastery namaCosacks namaTatars. Omunye "umlindi" - uMraza noTatars basebenzela indawo yokuhlala engcwele izinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye.

Ngo-1618 abaseLithuania bawushisa ama-refectory kanye nezinsizakalo, kanye nezindawo eziningi zezakhiwo. Baba izinkomo, baphinda baphanga impahla, bashisa imizi, babulala abalimi abahlala eduze nendawo yezindela. Ngo-1645, e-monasteri, ngokushintshaniswa kwamaseli aphikisana namapulangwe kanye ne-refectory, isakhiwo esisodwa sezitebe zamatshe esakhiwe ngamangqamuzana angama-monastic ane-refectory evamile eyakhiwe. Ngokwakhiwa kwabo amakhosi amasonto abavela eMsindisi-Yaroslavl Monastery.

Isakhiwo sezitezi ezimbili sithatha iseli lasendulo lamaseli. Esitezi sesibili kwakukhona izindawo zokuhlala ze-prelate, esiteji sokuqala kwakukhona ama-cellars. Amaseli okuhlala ama-abbots axhunyiwe esontweni laseVvedenskaya ngendatshana ehlanganisiwe.

Ngasentshonalanga yeSonto LaseSangweni, esinye isakhiwo samasheya sakhiwa ngo-1718, okwathi kamuva sakhiwa sibe yindawo enamabhilidi amabili ebusika abbey chambers, futhi kamuva ihhotela lezivakashi lafakwa lapha.

Ngasempumalanga yeNadvratnaya ngo-1720 kwakhiwa isakhiwo se-Kelar esakhiwe ngamatshe amabili. Kamuva, ingcebo yendlu yezindela yakhiwa lapho. Isakhiwo sezakhiwo zokuhlala siseduze nodonga olusenyakatho, oluphela ohlangothini lwasempumalanga yeSonto Labo Bonke Osanta. Yakhiwa isikhathi eside kakhulu (i-XVII-XVIII leminyaka), Isiqephu senziwa ngo-1790. Namuhla, amangqamuzana abazalwane atholakala kuwo.

Kuvaliwe kwezindela

Phakathi nenkathi yeSoviet, i-monastery yaseSpaso-Prilutsky ayizange ibalekele isiphetho esibuhlungu sezakhiwo zenkolo zaseRussia. Ngomnyaka we-1918, ukuseshwa nokufakwa kwempahla yendawo yonke kwakwenziwe endaweni yezindela. Ezingxenyeni zezakhiwo kwafakwa amadoda aseBlack Army. Phakathi neMpi Yomphakathi, imibhoshongo yezindela zezindela yaba nendima yokugcina impahla yeziqhumane. Kanye kuphela izinyathelo ezithathiwe ngesikhathi esithathwe, zavunyelwa ukukhokhelwa okwesikhashana komlilo owaqala futhi ulondoloze lesi sikhumbuzo esingokomlando nesakhiwo esiyigugu. Kuze kube ngu-1923, izindinganiso zesonto zathathwa ezikhungweni zezindela, ikakhulukazi, ezasiza esifundeni se-Volga esilambalala.

Ikomidi eliphezulu lesigungu linqume ukuxosha i-Archimandrite Nifont (iKursin), ama-novices kanye namakholi asusiwe esontweni, futhi amalungu esonto abonisa ukunganeliseki agxeke. Izakhamuzi zasePryluk nezindawo ezizungezile zacela iziphathimandla imvume yokuqothula izindonga zezindela ngezitini, kodwa isicelo sabo senqatshiwe.

Ehlobo lika-1924 isivumelwano nomphakathi saphela, futhi i-monastery ngokwayo yagcina ivaliwe. Yonke imisebenzi yobuciko yanikelwa emnyuziyamu womuzi, yonke indawo yahanjiswa ezifundeni zombuso. Ema-30s i-monastery yaguqulwa yaba yijele lokuthutha labo abalahliwe, ababe bathunyelwa ekamu lasenyakatho yeGulag.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwama-50s kuze kube sekupheleni kwama-70s, izigceme zempi zazikhona ngaphakathi kwezindonga zezindela. Ngezikhathi ezahlukene e-monastery kwakuyi-cinema, indlu yabantu abakhubazekile. Phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, izakhiwo ezibhubhisayo nezishiyekile zezindela zaqala ukuvuselelwa kancane kancane. Ochwepheshe bathi umsebenzi wenziwa kahle kakhulu, izakhiwo eziningi zabuyiselwa ekubukeni kwazo kwasekuqaleni.

Kusukela ngo-1979, uMsindisi-Prilutsky Monastery useyingxenye yeVologda Museum-Reserve. Ukuvakasha kwendawo yayo kwakufakwe ohlelweni lwemyuziyamu "Ukuvuselelwa kweNdlunkulu". Maphakathi noJuni 1990, emva kokuvalwa kwesakhiwo sezindela okokuqala, ukuhanjiswa emathuneni eKorbachevsky, lapho kwakukhona khona isonto likaLazaru. Ngo-Agasti wonyaka ofanayo, iSango Ascension Church lathunyelwa eSontweni Lama-Orthodox yaseRussia. Ngo-1991 i-monastery yase-diocese yavulwa futhi.

Ngosuku inkumbulo Dmitriya Prilutskogo (24 Februwari 1992), Isigodlo waphindiselwa Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia ngokugcwele. Kancane kancane, Isigodlo waqala ukuvuseleleka ukuphila salungiswa sezindela izakhiwo, wabuyisela izinsimbi kanye iconostasis. amasevisi waphezulu nsuku zonke. Isabelo has a egcekeni, isikole ngeSonto.

Esikhathini sezindela kukhona legatsha le-Orthodox Theological School of Vologda. Ilungiselela izifundo abefundisi ngoba Vologda futhi Veliky dioceses. Minyaka yonke kukhona uDemetriyu ukufunda, lokuqoqa othisha nabefundisi.

Ngo-2014 i-wesigodlo koMsindisi Priluki Monastery - Metropolitan Kirillov Vologda futhi Ignatius. AbaZalwane sezindela - abantu abangaba ngu-20 lapha uhlala ongekho empini abasebenzi ilungu futhi izisebenzi eziningana.

Uhambo

Sazisa bonke abantu abanentshisekelo ukuba uvakashele uMsindisi Priluki Monastery (Vologda) amahora.

- Esikhathini zeviki (ngoMsombuluko kuya kuLwesihlanu,) - kusukela 10.00 kuya 17.00.

- Sunday - kusuka 12,30 kuya 17.00. Phakathi imikhosi patronal izinkambo aphethwe kusukela 14.00.

UMsindisi Priluki Monastery: ama-iri wokusebenza (isevisi)

Phakathi nezinsuku:

- Matins - 5.00.

- Inkonzo - 7.00-7.30

- Confession esiqhutshwa ohlangothini lwesokhohlo lwendlu.

- Vespers - 17.00.