Nevi Melanocytic, nevus papillomatous (isithombe). Umkhawulo nevus melanocytic - a ...

Cishe wonke umuntu emhlabeni ongazange umbala omnyama, kukhona okungenani eyodwa imvukuzane, imithi okuthiwa hhayi nje njengomuntu nevus melanocytic. Ngandlela-thile engajwayelekile isiRashiya igama elithi "imvukuzane" kubolekwe olimini lwesiLatini futhi lisho zonke imvukuzane efanayo noma umkhangu. Esikhathini inkambo yabo yokuphila, ngezizathu ezingaziwa, amavukuzi elisha lapho phambi kwakukhona isikhumba ecacile, futhi elidala zinyamalale endaweni ethile. Abanye abantu ke kuyabethusa, omunye ngokungalungile, ikakhulukazi uma amnyama baqala "ukuhlobisa" ebunzini, ekhaleni, izihlathi. Zama ukuqonda ukuthi yini kukhona amavukuzi, noma, ngokwesayense, nevi, ziyini, ukuphi nokuthi ngandlela-thile kuphazamise kakhulu ngokubukeka kwabo.

Uyini nevus

Esikhumbeni abantu nezilwane kuba namangqamuzana akhethekile - melanocytes, okuyinto ukukhiqiza lo mbala omnyama - melanin. Ezilwaneni ithinta umbala inquma umbala amehlo. Kubantu, melanin unesibopho ukushuba Sun, ukuthi uvikelekile UV nezinye imisebe eyingozi umzimba. Lapho sombala nombala basakaza phezu ngokusebenzisa amangqamuzana esikhumba somuntu, it has a iyunifomu umbala ithoni. Uma ngokungazelelwe - ngezizathu engakaziwa kuze kube manje, isayensi - ezitokisini ezihlukene ke aqoqana isamba ngokweqile ezindaweni ezinjalo ngokumelene isizinda uqale ukugqama, okungukuthi, kukhona indawo umkhangu noma nevus pigmentosa. nevi Melanocytic - kuyafana. Enye omqondofana we imiqondo efanayo - melanoformny nevus noma nevokletochny. Umbala lezi zokwakheka elisukela abamnyama brown ukukhanya, ngezinye izikhathi onsomi. Uma umkhangu obomvu (iwayini) umbala, ibizwa ngokuthi amalangabi nevi futhi ezakhiwe lokuhlala enkulu akukho lesi sakhi, futhi ama-capillary ngoba ziseduze kakhulu ebusweni isikhumba. Ngokwesibonelo: flammeus nevus ekhanda esiphongweni has Gorbachev, umongameli zokugcina zombuso waseSoviet Union.

Abanye abantu kungenzeka ezingeni elifanayo ngesikhumba, kuyilapho abanye bazenza kancane ngenhla ubuso melanocytic yayo nevus. Isithombe ngaphezulu sibonisa kancane ophumile nevi esikhunjeni. Ngo izinsana, mshini enjalo cishe ningagcini, nakuba ososayensi bathambekele bakholelwa ukuthi nje ezincane kakhulu ukuba kungathiwa ebonakalayo. Kubonakaliswa ngokucace kakhudlwana baqala endaweni ethile eneminyaka engu-9-10 ubudala. Ezimweni eziningi, nevi elula esikhunjeni behaving ngokuthula wayengelawo-ke amanye kuka ukukhubazeka yezimonyo ezingenakho ukuletha izinkinga.

Izinhlobo Birthmarks

nevus Melanocytic isikhumba akuyona ezimbili zama:

1. azalwa naso

Ngobukhulu, lezi sombala ukwakheka ezincane (kufika ku-1.5 cm ububanzi), eliphakathi (kufika ku-10 cm) futhi ezinkulu noma giant (ngaphezu kuka-10 cm). nevi azalwa naso banoma iyiphi isayizi ngekukhula ingane ukwandisa ububanzi futhi. I esiyingozi kakhulu yiwona nevi Ngokwesilinganiso, esikhulu ne-giant, ngoba ngokuvamile zibe-melanoma ebulalayo. Yini ukusho ngokuthe ngqó nzima izizathu izingane zizalwa ochwepheshe ezinkulu futhi giant umkhangu. Ngokwezibalo, mayelana 5% ezizalwe nge nevus giant, kukhona emdlavuzeni wesikhumba onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila noma abadadlana. Ngakho-ke, abazali abaye bezingane ezizalelwe nge birthmarks esikhulu kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi uxhumane uchwepheshe. Uma nevi giant esisogwini ebusweni, udokotela angase atuse ukuba yona laser amakhorali, futhi uma nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba - ukususwa. Inqubo yokugcina libuye Kunconywa uma umkhangu esikhulu surface amnyama futhi esingemnandi.

2. Acquired

Kukho konke ukuphila kungase kubonakale izindawo esikhunjeni kuphi emzimbeni, kuhlanganise ekhanda, umthondo, izintende, amathe ezinyawo. ososayensi baseBrithani baye bathola ukuthi inani elikhulu amavukuzi cishe 2-emhlanjini kunciphisa ingozi kwamathambo futhi kakhulu ukunciphisa ukubukeka imibimbi, futhi ukonakala kwazo nevus ku-melanoma ebulalayo siyenzeka cishe 16% wabantu abane lesikhumba amamaki.

Izimbangela amavukuzi

Ososayensi endabeni ethile alinakusho kungani umuntu unalo nevus melanocytic. Kodwa zikhona eziningi zezimbangela ezivamile lesikhumba.

Ngokwesibonelo, uyisithulu nevi kungenzeka uma okulandelayo kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa:

1. ukutheleleka Intrauterine (i-herpes, toxoplasmosis, Pox, nabanye).

2. Ukwamukelwa yokukhulelwa, eminye imishanguzo.

3. engayitholi ekhulile yemiphumela Vitamin A.

4. Ukuphuza utshwala.

5. Diabetes mellitus ekukhulelweni.

6. Ukungabonakali izakhi mkhondo.

7. Ufuzo. Isikhathi esining impela kakade ifakwe kuyi-DNA ukuthi nevi melanocytic kuvele ingane emzimbeni endaweni ethile. Futhi ngokuvamile birthmarks lezinceku ncamashí umntwana nonina, noma close kakhulu lokho.

nevi Kutholiwe kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

1. Ukweqiwa ezinkulu yelanga ye. Tan okungamukelekile ngokweqile Entrainment solarium avuse anda melanin zombala, okuyinto kuholela ekwakhekeni nezimvukuzane.

2. Izinguquko kwama-hormone. Lokhu kubandakanya noma yisiphi isimo (izifo, ukukhulelwa, ukuthomba, menopause ukucindezeleka, nokunye) lapho kukhona ukuphazamiseka kwama-hormone. Nazo ngokufanayo, kubangele ezengeziwe ibala lesikhumba, nakuba kwezinye izimo, kunalokho, kungaholela ukunyamalala amavukuzi ekhona.

3. Kushisa bhé kule ndawo.

4. ze-X ray.

5. Skin Ukulimala. Zingadala ukuhamba melanocytes kakhudlwana ebusweni isikhumba, okungukuthi, amnyama kuzobonakala ngaphezulu.

Ukwahlukaniswa amavukuzi

ngezinye izikhathi Medical igama nevi kubangele ukudideka. Kodwa eqinisweni, konke lapha ulula futhi okunengqondo. isikhumba Human yakhiwa izingqimba: i epidermis (kakhulu eduze kahle ebusweni), dermis (isilinganiso, obukhulu kakhulu) futhi hypodermis (ejulile). Kuye indawo yinhlanganisela melanocytes, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo izindawo esikhunjeni:

- epidermal nevus (etholakala izingqimba engenhla isikhumba - the epidermis);

- naphakathi dermal (ngokulandelana melanocytes ekuqongeleleni nasemkhakheni ungqimba ezijulile - dermis);

- Edge nevus melanocytic (lemali melanin luyanda phakathi epidermis futhi dermis);

- hypodermal (indawo sombala ku hypodermis) - lolu hlobo nevus ibukeka cishe akusho ukuzibonakalisa, kodwa kwezinye izimo, le melanocytes zingasuswa eduze kobuso isikhumba.

Sakhiwo uhlobo izimpawu lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo nevi:

- kulokulukhuni

- atypical;

- ukubuyela;

- papillomatous nevus melanocytic;

- blue;

- indawo ye-Mongolian;

- enoboya (kusuka amavukuzi zikhule eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izinwele, ngokuvamile amnyama ngombala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu omhlophe noma Brunette).

- Sutton nevi, Clark, Spitz,

Ake sicabangele ezinye zezinto eziphilayo.

Kuyini papillomatous naphakathi dermal nevus melanocytic pigmentosa

Kulesi eside futhi kancane nzima ukuqonda incazelo ngemvume imiqondo eziningana. Ngakho, la mazwi angenhla kuphawuliwe, igama elithi "melanocytic" futhi "sombala" kusho ekuqongeleleni sombala i-melanin e melanocytes esikhiqiza ke. nevus Intradermal abazalwa ibonisa lokuhlala melanocyte ku izingqimba ezijulile isikhumba nibonakala limelela Bump ophumile ngenhla ubuso bayo. lahlotshaniswa yayo imithi leli gama "nevus intradermal melanocytic." Uma unesikhathi umbala enyameni, kodwa namanje esisogwini umlenze, kukhona ukufana okukhulu nge papilloma. Kungakho igama - nevus papillomatous. zokwakheka ezinjalo ziyavela ikakhulu enhloko (enoboya ingxenye), intamo, ubuso, kodwa singenzeka kunoma iyiphi enye indawo zomzimba. umbala walo, ngaphezu isakhiwo qobo, ngezinye izikhathi nsundu, omnyama, futhi hummocky ngalokwanele sifana ukholifulawa. Kwezokwelapha, ungathola amanye amagama wakhe, ezifana nevus warty, komugqa, hyperkeratotic. 2 ihlukanise izinhlobo zawo - organic lapho papillomatoznye birthmarks zenzeka babeyivakashela ngankathi, futhi eqonda njengoba enjalo warty lamachubu kakhulu. Ngokuvamile basuke ibekwe lapho, lapho imikhumbi emikhulu igazi nezinzwa. Uma umuntu umthetho onjalo, kungase kube eyabonisa sezinzwa izifo uhlelo, ezifana isithuthwane. Nakuba naphakathi dermal papillomatous nevi melanocytic kwesikhumba, ungaveli lokuzalwa, kancane kancane zandise izinto njalo, lingelikaJehova le melanomoneopasnym izinhlobo ingozi ka izilonda esikhunjeni. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ngokuqinisekile kudingeka ubone udokotela onguchwepheshe ukuthi uzodlala, ke nevus, papilloma, noma i-melanoma. Kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ukuba kudokotela uma papillomatoznyh imvukuzane ngokuzumayo waqala Ache, silume noma ezishintshe umbala. Ngokuhlela isikhathi uphethwe, udokotela wenza kuhlolwe ngamehlo, futhi uma kudingeka, yenza Siascopy, imisindo ephansi, biopsy.

Kakhulu nevus melanocytic

Lenchazelo isetshenziswa lapho imvukuzane, ludabuka ezindaweni epidermis, dermis ikhula. Ngaphandle, kubukeka kancane efana insumpa, ngenhloso ububanzi esingeqile 1 cm. Njengezinye izinhlobo nevi, eyinkimbinkimbi ubhekwa kungavamile ukuba ingozi, kodwa, ngokuvumelana izibalo yezokwelapha, ezingaphezu kuka-50% izimo zibe a melanoma. Ngakho-ke, lingelikaJehova zokwakheka melanomoopasnym. Ngo oyiyo, nevi eziyinkimbinkimbi bangase babe bushelelezi, anolaka, enoboya, warty, futhi umbala ngokuvamile omnyama - brown ukuze omnyama.

nevi atypical

Kukholakala ukuthi cishe wonke umuntu yeshumi has esikhumbeni i nevus atypical noma dysplastic melanocytic. Isithombe ngenhla kubonisa ukuthi kungase zibukeke. Lokhu birthmarks igama yedatha etholakele ngenxa okungacaci baso ngokuqondene imingcele esilufifi, asymmetry, usayizi (njengoba umthetho, uma kudlule 6 mm), dissimilarity kwamanye amavukuzi. Umbala nevi atypical zingase zishintshe kakhulu - kusuka beige okhanyayo noma pink kuya konsundu. Kwezokwelapha, kukhona igama elifanayo we kumiswa sombala - Clark nevus. Esimweni lapho ngesikhathi umkhangu ongaziwa ezinjalo kudingeka siqiniseke ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho ukuze uqiniseke akukho melanoma. Odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi nevi atypical ngokwabo ningathwali kunezingozi ngokwempilo, kodwa abantu ukuthi bangobani, basengozini yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba, futhi akudingekile ukubeka amabala sombala. Phakathi nokuphila nevi atypical, njenganoma iyiphi enye, ingashabalala bebodwa, kodwa lesi akusona isizathu umuntu engozini inyumbazane.

ukubuyela nevus

Ngakho ngokuthi amnyama ukuthi avele kusayithi lapho kwakukhona imvukuzane isusiwe. nevus Breakout ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi amavukuzi lendwangu azisuswanga ngokuphelele futhi uzohlinzwa okwesibili kuyadingeka.

Spitz nevus

Lokhu kungenye izilonda esikhunjeni, sibonga ngalo abantu basengozini nesenzakalo melanoma. Vela esikhumbeni ezinjalo birthmarks izindawo isikhathi esiningi izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-10 ubudala, kodwa abadala njengoba nazo azinakiwe oVikelwe. Isici esiphawulekayo Spitz nevus kuyinto ekukhuleni kwayo ngokushesha. Ngakho, bheka, nanko kuvele esikhumbeni, e ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje, yena kungandisa ububanzi kusukela ambalwa amamilimitha angu a isentimitha noma ngaphezulu. Omunye sici yakhe ezingemnandi - kunganikeza metastases kuya ezindaweni eziseduze kwesikhumba futhi zamanzi. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, ezimweni eziningi, Spitz nevi ezibhekwa ingozi selashwa kalula.

nevus Sutton

Ngezinye izikhathi emzimbeni avele birthmarks nge usebe ezimhlophe emaphethelweni. Ziyakwazi amagama amabili - nevus melanocytic Sutton futhi halo nevus. Abanye abantu, abantu bangayithola imfundo enjalo ezingajwayelekile, kwabanye kungase kube eziningi, ikakhulukazi ngemuva. umngcele White, njengoba ososayensi bakholelwa, kubangelwa yokuthi amaseli ke amangqamuzana kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, nevi Sutton kungase discolour noma iphele ngokuphelele, kwasala engu inkumbulo ka ibala elikhanyayo. Ezimweni eziningi, ezifana amavukuzi Umncele akuzona eziyingozi. Nokho, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ukuba khona kwabo, ikakhulukazi esiningi, zingahlanganiswa khona oyisebenzisayo izifo ezifana thyroiditis ne-vitiligo, noma i-melanoma, okuyinto eye ambonise uqobo.

Becker nevus

Lokhu Birthmark lingakanani sifana melanocytic nevus giant. Cishe ikota yebahlali izimo, lokhu lesikhumba kwenzeka ku-fetus esibelethweni. Isici esiphawulekayo Becker nevus yilezi:

- nokwanda kokungabi izinwele zabo;

- awahlabi induna zabo;

- ukwanda usayizi kuze kube iphuzu ke ukumisa ukukhula kanye siphungule umbala.

Eziningi zalezi birthmarks ungumuntu ukuphila. Ingozi eziyiyo, kodwa zabanikazi ngezikhathi usadinga ukukhombisa wesikhumba.

birthmarks kanjani yingozi

Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi imvukuzane angagcina ukuthuthukisa ibe melanoma noma nezinye umdlavuza wesikhumba oyingozi. Nokho, akulungile. Ezimweni eziningi, noma yikuphi imvukuzane (noma nevus melanocytic) akusho ukusongela. Worry futhi ngokushesha ukusheshe udokotela (wesikhumba, oncologist) kudingeka uma ngokungazelelwe nge umkhangu izinguquko ezilandelayo ziye zenzeka:

- ukushintsha umbala, abanandaba okuyinto indlela;

- kwaba quin (isib, convex ohlangothini olulodwa);

- ukushintsha umbala usebe noma umkhangu isakhiwo;

- imvukuzane waqala ukulimaza, ukuluma, opha;

- kakhulu ukwandisa nenkundla umkhangu.

Kuzo zonke izimo, uma imvukuzane esanda sekukhona lihlukile akhona, noma kwenzeke ngokuphazima kweso ubudala waba engavamile, njengoba isidingo sokuya kudokotela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Okufanele ukwenze nge amavukuzi?

Uma nevi enza futhi akusho casula, futhi uma zitholakala ezindaweni eziphephile isikhumba, kulandele isidingo umane nje ubukele. Uma zilapho, lapho bangakwazi ngokuvamile alimale (ku izintende, amathe, entanyeni, ekhanda, okhalweni), noma ebusweni, elibangela umonakalo yezimonyo, kutuswa ukuba bawasuse. Ukushaja operation ezifana kuyadingeka kuphela odokotela - ohlinzayo, wesikhumba. nevi Epidermal Kunconywa ukususa ukuhlinzwa kuphela. Isilawuli Samandla kwenziwa ngaphansi izinzwa wendawo, ngaphandle kobuhlungu ngakho. isikhumba Papillomatous nevus melanocytic, ikakhulukazi esisogwini umlenze, ngezinye izikhathi kuwusizo ukususa liquid nitrogen. Eminyakeni zokugcina futhi lisetshenziswa ukwelashwa laser we birthmarks futhi excision yabo radionozhom.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, udokotela ngokuvamile uqondisa isusiwe izingcezwana luhlolo histological ukuba siqiniseka ngokugcwele ukungabi khona umdlavuza.

ukususwa nhlobo of nevi ngokwakho, izindlela zabo zendabuko. Esikhathini esiningi abantu bazame ukuqeda nevi papillomatoznyh phezu imilenze, wabopha intambo zabo. Lokhu kuholela igazi agqagqene ukufinyelela imvukuzane, futhi ungawela ngempela. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi, le ndlela yokukhuluma "elapheke" kuphakamisa izinguquko emangqamuzaneni epidermis noma dermis kanye kuholela nemiphumela eyinhlekelele.