MTU kwi-router - kuyini? Ubuningi ukudluliswa iyunithi. amapharamitha router

Abantu abaningi abasebenzisa i-inthanethi ukuze ukuxhuma usebenzisa imigudu ephephile kusuka kubanikeli angase azizwe engakhululekile emsebenzini okuhlobene ne-ukungakwazi ukuvula izinsiza ezithile Inthanethi. Ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokuvamile ixazululwe by olukhulu - ukushintsha router noma ISP, Nokho kukhona awokuthi ukuze alungise leso simo ngokwakho, ulungise ipharamitha eyodwa kuphela okuthiwa i-MTU kwi-router. Kuyini, indlela yokuthola futhi ulungiselele ilungelo - imibuzo iphendulwa kule athikili.

ukucacisa

Ukuze andise ijubane Internet imigudu yokuxhumana esetshenziswa ukudluliswa packet data. Phela, akunandaba mqondo ukuze uthumele futhi wamukele ulwazi isiteshi ngasinye kancane ukulayisha. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe lakhiwe evumela ukuqoqa ukusakaza idatha iphakethe ekhethekile, okuyinto adluliselwa ibanga. Phezu kokuthola kwikhompyutha iphakethe uya khona nje ukukhipha bese idatha yoqobo. Ngokuhamba usebenzisa ezifana ukulinganiselwa uhlelo ezabonakala, okwaholela ekulahlekelweni nesivinini ukwanda usayizi iphakethe. Ngaleyo ndlela wangena nomgomo ofanele - esiphezulu yokudlulisela iphakethe imishini (Maximum Transmission Unit), kanye esifushanisiwe njengoba MTU, router. Lokho, yebo, kuze kube ukuhlonza izizathu ngenxa ngalo le ndinganiso ayisebenzi kahle.

Ukusangana noma ukuphepha

Yiqiniso, noma ikuphi ejwayelekile ihlinzeka lezinkinga e izimo eziphuthumayo. Ukuze MTU uye wazakhela kwehlukana ekhethekile, esangenza ongaphakeme ukuze ushintshe usayizi iphakethe ngesicelo computer target inethiwekhi. Wona sicela ulandele TCP ezokuthutha ungqimba usebenzisa ICMP olandelwayo, ogama msebenzi ukudlulisa imiyalezo yesevisi. isixhumanisi ungqimba yezifiso lapho awukwazi ukuthola iphakethe uthumele umlayezo mayelana nakwenzeka lokhu. Umthumeli kunciphisa ubukhulu iphasela bese uthumela futhi. Nokho, lokhu akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isikhathi esining impela izinsiza Inthanethi ziphethwe abaphathi ukuvilapha kakhulu ngubani, esikhundleni esihle kutsha zokuphepha, kukhona endleleni eya lula, ukukhubaza Ngokombono wabo, yezifiso ezingadingekile. Ngokwemvelo, ICMP ungomunye wabo. Futhi akukho myalezo - akukho inkinga, kumsebenzisi iphutha kothile isebenzisa ikhokhwe amasevisi akuzona ngokugcwele.

Excellent ping-index

Bonke baya sokungabaza ukuthi uhlale ezingqondweni umsebenzisi technical support yinoma yimuphi umhlinzeki, odinga ukukwazi liphuzu lelibalulekile - umyalo ping - akuyona inkomba. Njengoba umsebenzi wayo ophambili nosemqoka hlola ukutholakala umtfombolusito, kodwa hhayi izinga isiteshi zokuxhumana. Ungaqinisekisa lokhu ngokwakho by egijima ya.ru. somyalo ogqamile ping Impendulo Terminal Server azobika ukuthi ubukhulu iphakethe amabhayithi 32 wamukelwe. Futhi uma uthumela iphakethe lokubeka indinganiso 1500 bytes? Ithimba izobukeka kanje: ping ya.ru -F -L 1500. Lapho l - usayizi iphakethe, futhi f - ban kwehlukana. Kungase kube izinkinga ezisukela isinqumo ukungakwazi, siphetfo ukulahlekelwa esiteshini. Ikhumbula ukuthi lonke ulwazi eyatholakala kusukela Inthanethi, idluliselwe amaphakheji ithemba elikhulu ping umyalo amasheke isiteshi engeke asebenze. Kulokhu, ubukhulu iphakethe - hhayi nje ukubaluleka MTU, okungaba ngcono Inthanethi umsebenzi wokuhlela.

amathuba umhlinzeki

Into yokuqala ukuqonda ukuthi yini ipharamitha Maximum Transmission Unit efakwe at umhlinzeki. Uma isevisi ye-Inthanethi bunikezwa ikhebula ukunikezela "pair ezisontekile", ngaphandle ukumisa inethiwekhi, akukho izinkinga. Kodwa endabeni ka-evikelwe iziteshi PPPoE noma isengezo senethiwekhi ezimele-VPN, udinga uzilungiselele ukuthi ngeke akwenze ngaphandle izilungiselelo router nekhompyutha. Izinketho ukunquma nobukhulu obufanele iphakethe, kanye lesifanele inkinga eziningi, futhi sizogxila eziningi zezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu. Ngokwemvelo, ungazama umhlinzeki ngocingo ukuthola MTU Isilungiselelo nerejista ku-router, kodwa kulula kakhulu futhi, cishe akunakwenzeka ngenxa ongaphakeme opharetha sibhamu.

Mhlawumbe le nkinga itholakala kwenye indawo

Kungenzeka ukuthi ukungatholakali amakhasi athize web ayenzeki ngenxa MTU kulungiselelwa ayilungile e router ukuthi lokhu Hotfix akusho ukuxazulula inkinga. Udinga ukwazi kahle lapho isiqondiso ukuhamba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umsebenzisi kumele uye ku izilungiselelo router yakho futhi kunciphise namathuba okuzenzakalelayo MTU ukuba 1400 bytes. Emva ugcine bese ulayisha kabusha ukuzama ukuya isisetshenziswa oyifunayo futhi. Uma inkinga iqhubeka, buyela izilungiselelo isikhundla yayo yasekuqaleni futhi baqala ukufuna isixazululo ngakolunye uhlangothi. Nokho, umbono abasebenzisi eziningi, ushintshe usayizi esiphezulu iphakethe ohlangothini ezincane inika yi omuhle futhi zonke izinsiza, kuhlanganise imidlalo inthanethi etholakalayo. Nokho, kukhona enye inkinga - ijubane falling of emakhasini okuqala futhi ulayishe amafayela. Ufuna ukuvula izilungiselelo router futhi emihle-tune MTU.

Emazwini esenzweni

Ukuze ufinyelele izilungiselelo, udinga yekheli isiphi isiphequluli bese ufaka ikheli le-router, ukushaya iwindi ngemvume, faka login yakho nephasiwedi. Ngokwemvelo, uma kulungiselelwa ngumlawuli evela kumhlinzeki, ezinekhono nokuqeda izinkinga yayo ukusebenza kwi-Inthanethi. Kodwa bonke abanye abasebenzisi ukwazi langempela iphasiwedi isethi kanye login AP. Kunoma ikuphi azinakuxazululwa ngaphandle kokugunyazwa inkinga, ngoba kwemigomo router ngeke kutholakale.

Ekugcineni, akukho izimo ezingenathemba. Ungathola kusuka yakho izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi umhlinzeki, setha kabusha router kumasethingi factory nokunye ubambe uxhumano ngokwakho. Esikhathini abezindaba imiyalelo esanele lokumiswa hardware kunesidingo, ingasaphathwa iziqondiso brand kamakhi, engatholwa kumawebhusayithi ezisemthethweni umdayisi.

Indlela yokuthola MTU kwi-router

Ethandwa kakhulu eRussia ubhekwa umzila D-Link, ngakho zonke izibonelo ukuhleleka okuhle uzobe kuchazwe ngesisekelo ukusebenza walo, engesiyo ezahlukene ikakhulukazi ezivela kwezinye imizila. Kwake kwathi ngo-yedivayisi Izilungiselelo semenyu, amehlo liyadingeka ukukhokha entweni WAN ku "Inethiwekhi" sigaba. Leli phuzu unesibopho ukwakhiwa ukuhlobana router futhi umhlinzeki hardware, khona layo liyadingeka kunoma iyiphi idivayisi inethiwekhi. Uma imenyu oyifunayo, umsebenzisi bangathola zezakhi ezingaphezu ukuthi babe isimo "ixhunyiwe". Oluthandwayo kufanele inikwe yokuthi ifulege "okuzenzakalelayo lomasango i-". Fit ezikhethiwe kwakwakhe isikhombisi. Ngokuchofoza "ushintsho" (noma "engeza" - version kwegama zabo ngamunye), umsebenzisi ungena imenyu ukuhleleka okuhle. Thola into ofuna MTU kumakwe. Shintsha ilungiselelo ngokuchofoza isithonjana ipensela emkhakheni ekhethiwe. Beka usayizi oyifunayo. Londoloza izilungiselelo iqalise router.

I oluyilo izilungiselelo router njalo ukuthela izithelo

Ukubeka MTU kwi-router, njengoba umkhuba imibukiso, kuyisihluthulelo iziteshi eziningi, eyakhelwe virtual amanethiwekhi yangasese. Kodwa, bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi ukuhleleka okuhle uxhumano qualitative futhi kuncike izinto ezimbili zihlale eduze MTU. ukumiswa Ofanele yonke nemingcele njalo ukuxazulula le nkinga namanethiwekhi babe bafake ngokomzimba futhi izinyembezi. Router D-Link, Zuxel, Cisco, Linksys, namanye amadivayisi angaphakathi ayogcwaliswa ngokuzenzakalela ne nemingcele ezibalulekile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, luguqule izilungiselelo akufanele ngokungathandi.

1. Uqhubeke Uphila. Dala zenethiwekhi njalo inakekelwe router, kusukela amandla kuze kube kukagesi.
2. LCP isikhawu. Lokhu ipharamitha icaciswe ngemizuzwana bese ubeka imvamisa izicelo kusuka kumzila wakho kuya imishini yomhlinzeki ukusebenza test siteshi.
3. LCP ehluleka. Sepharamitha, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba unqamule umhlinzeki imishini ukusungula omusha, ephezulu wokuxhumana uma ezizenzakalelayo amaphakheji ambalwa angathunyelwa ngaphambili.

amazinga zokuxhumana yangasese

Uma ungafuni ukwenza ucwaningo ngokuzimela, sokunquma ubukhulu esifanele MTU, ungasebenzisa ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe ebekiwe amazinga.

1. PPPoE uxhumano. Ngayinye iphakethe ngocansi unamathisele idatha abo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha, othiwa unhlokweni. Lesi sihloko ithatha ngamunye 8-Byte iphakethe, kusale isiteshi bakwazi ukudlulisa 1492 bytes. Yakhelwe kule umsebenzi ubuchwepheshe ADSL, ngokulandelana, ngoba izilungiselelo imodemu ukushintsha MTU kunesidingo.
2. I-VPN Private nakunethiwekhi PPP. Lapha MTU ngokwezinga elikhulu incike ihadiwe iseva, kuzo yokuxhuma. Ngemva kwalokho umhlinzeki, kwakwakhe ingasetshenziswa axhumana nabo ku workstation phezu ibhizinisi ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana akude. Sepharamitha 1400 bytes ubhekwa the best, kodwa kahle nokuhleleka okukhulu akuyona akuvumelekile.

Software ukusiza

Nquma usayizi edingekayo we MTU ngaphandle ucwaningo nge-router, unga futhi ngosizo isofthiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo TCP Optimizer wenza computations ezimele esiteshini zokuxhumana bese unikeza yi umsebenzisi ne incazelo ephelele inkinga. Kuyinto elula, kodwa isisetshenziswa khudlwana. Phela, udinga ukuthola uhlelo, thwebula, ufake futhi baqonde imisebenzi yayo. Futhi ukuqonda, noma yimuphi umsebenzisi uzothola ukuthi isicelo isebenzisa ping banal ezizindeni ku-intanethi. It kuvela ukuthi ungakwazi ukunquma MTU kusuka kumugqa womyalo? Kalula, nje kudingeka ukunqinda iphakethe ngomunye kuze Impendulo yeseva akuyona omuhle - ping ya.ru -F -L 1499.

Imikhiqizo eminingi software izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi ukunikela esihle kutsha uhlelo ngokuhlela ebhukwini, enquma keys esikhethekile imishini inethiwekhi. Lokhu kusebenza imangalelwe esikhathini esidlule izinjini leminyaka, kodwa wokusebenza wamanje bayakwazi ngokwabo ukuzivumelanisa isiteshi ezimisiwe zokuxhumana futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngoba nekusebenta kahle nokuhleleka okukhulu ngemva router liyadingeka kabusha computer.

Ekuphetheni

Emva kokuthola ulwazi mayelana MTU kwi-router, kuyini futhi kanjani kahle kutsha imishini, ungakwazi uqhubekele izenzo oqondile okuhloswe ngayo ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle wokuxhumana. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba uqale umsebenzi, udinga ukwazi ukuthi akubona bonke imizila zikuvumela ukushintsha izici zayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ZTE inkampani, eyaziwa ngokuba layo 3G-imodemu, kubhekwe ukuthi kulungiselelwa MTU kwephula noma yimuphi mithetho yokuphepha yangaphakathi. Ngakho, ukushintsha izilungiselelo oyifunayo ngesandla behluleka. Ochwepheshe batusa ukufaka imishini olwathengwa umhlinzeki, noma ukuthenga okungenani uyavumelana kukhethwa umhlinzeki we-Inthanethi.