Moscow, DME - okuyinto sezindiza?

EMoscow, inhloko-dolobha ye-Russian Federation, yidolobha elikhulu lesimanje, esisogwini Insimu East European Plain, cishe ngaso kakhulu isikhungo, emfuleni of the gama elifanayo. labantu kulo muzi, ngokuvumelana kwabantu okugcinile kwenziwe oda nambili futhi abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi nengxenye.

Inani labantu ngokuvakashela inhlokodolobha nsukuzonke, kuhlanganise izakhamuzi agglomeration BaseMoscow nedlelo, ngezinye izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-nesikhombisa million nasemsebenzini esimatasa. notshwala Traffic ezihlukahlukene mayelana aphambana lapha, kuhlanganise yomoya eziningi.

DME - okuyinto sezindiza uyoba ezifika engqondweni?

aviahaba amathathu yesimanje ukukhonza wedolobha emoyeni ephasishi lokho singabali nedlanzana zezindiza ezimbalwa uya khona lesifunda, kanye zezindiza yangasese. SVO, VKO, DME - sezindiza njalo has ikhodi yayo ngamazwe. Futhi ukuthi kukhonjiswe kwi ithikithi, zokugibela, imithwalo tags kanye nanoma yisiphi esinye kwemibhalo indiza. Ngokuvamile, lezi idatha anele ayinamaphutsa ukuzimisela ulwazi olufanele mayelana indiza. Nokho, iningi lama-aviaturistov ekwamukelweni uhambo irisidi noma wokuqhuba ithikithi electronic umbuzo enengqondo: DME - yimuphi sezindiza esifundeni dolobha uye igama?

Umlando omncane

"Domodedovo", eyaziwa nangokuthi Airport DME eMoscow, - omunye omdala aviahabov dolobha yesifunda. Ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa lokhu port emoyeni waqala ngo-1956. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa, nge evulekile ye sezindiza esisha saqala cargo kuqala indiza e-mail lapho uya khona, futhi ngemva konyaka indiza rose ku sha emoyeni "Tupolev" abagibeli phezu ebhodini.

"Domodedovo" sezindiza. isimo yamanje

Kuze kube manje, Domodedovo Isikhumulo sezindiza (DME) ingenye esikhulu kunazo zonke eRussia. Ngo-2013, wanqamula yena mayelana abagibeli ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili. zezindiza ezimbili ehlukile njalo e olunzulu operation mode, ukuthatha malanga onkhe inqwaba amabhodi ezivela emhlabeni wonke.

Basuke ahlelwe okufanayo, amakhilomitha amabili ukusuka komunye, ukuvumela takeoffs and lihlala phezu strip ngalinye kanyekanye futhi autonomously, ngayodwana. evulekile ngamunye eqinisekisiwe ICAO ngamazwe zezindiza inhlangano CAT IIIA isigaba. Ngemva ukuvuselelwa band yokuqala eyenziwe eminyakeni emibili nengxenye edlule, esikhumulweni sezindiza wakwazi ukuthola kanye nokugcina super-esindayo izindiza onqamula uthayiphe Airbus A380. Ngo ngumgogodla Russia ndawo kuphela lapho ungenza kokufika indiza yalolu hlobo - "Domodedovo" phansi (DME). Yikuphi sezindiza ezweni lethu elikhulu usengakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngalokho?

Ukwahlukanisa futhi esephepheni

inhlangano ngayinye isebenzisa uhlobo ayo ngamakhodi zezindiza, olwandle kokungathembeki amaphuzu (isib, vor-beacon) nezinye izindiza umhlaba ezisekelwe. DME - ikhodi "Domodedovo" sezindiza ngokuvumelana IATA ngezigaba. Ngokusho ICAO, unawomina UUDD.

Ngokwe-European ngezigaba Amakhodi olunamagama amathathu isiqu ku US - incwadi emine. Ngezinye izikhathi UKWABIWA phakathi izinhlamvu yonkana izibalo (ikakhulukazi wokugubha Vor-ezincane airfield zikabhekeni noma ukubaluleka lendawo zezindiza kanye yangasese). Hlobanisa nomunye, lamakhodi kungaba insimu yase-United States of America, lapho uhlamvu lokuqala "K" It uveza ukuthi lokhu ukufaka ikhodi lezinto e-United States ICAO amakhaza, kwathi ngakusasa ezintathu izinhlamvu ziyafana ngokuvumelana IATA ikhodi. Ngokwesibonelo, uJohn F. Kennedy International Airport e-New York, United States, ngokusho ngezigaba American incwadi ikhodi KJFK, ngenkathi European - JFK. Kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba phakathi wekhodi ayihambisani. Nokho umbuzo uhlale uvulekile. Moscow, DME - okuyinto sezindiza, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, yingakho kuba okuyigama obungajwayelekile?

ICAO noma IATA - Loyo ngumbuto

Kulula ukuqonda isimo, uma ubheka imithombo efanele ulwazi zezindiza. Kukhona ngamazwe izinhlangano ezimbili indiza-zezindiza: IATA (International Air Transport Association) , noma i-International Association of Air Transport; kanye ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization), noma i-International Civil Aviation Organization. Okwamanje, bonke babe indlunkulu yabo Montreal (Canada).

Ngaphambi kwempi yezwe yesibili, IATA based e-The Hague (Netherlands). Wayengumngane ngasese zokulawula negunya lokuphatha ukunikeza air traffic e-Europe, kuyilapho ICAO ikakhulu elawulwa aerotrafik ku Ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika. Nakuba uhlelo lokuphatha nokuthuthukisa izindawo emizileni emoyeni ubulokhu kuyinto ebaluleke emsebenzini lezi zinhlangano ezimbili, indima yabo akugcini kuphela kulabo imisebenzi e izindiza ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Omunye umgomo obaluleke ngokulinganayo - wukuqinisekisa ephephile futhi njalo wezimpahla umgibeli womgwaqo, ukwandisa inzuzo Amathrendi, noma yikuphi ukwesekwa nosizo indiza imisebenzi.

IATA eRussia

Lapha kokungabaza ezingase ziphakame futhi. Ngo wakho e-ithikithi kungenziwa ebekiwe kanje: Moscow, DME. Yikuphi sezindiza kulokhu kubalulekile?

Domodedovo phansi (DME) - Isikhumulo sezindiza esifundeni eMoscow, futhi ubhekwa emoyeni esangweni yenhloko-dolobha. Nokho, esikhumulweni sezindiza itholakala ngokwendawo esifundeni Moscow, emngceleni Ramenskoye wesifunda kanye wesifunda ezisemadolobheni Domodedovo, amakhilomitha amane nanhlanu kusukela isikhungo esingokomlando eMoscow ku isiqondiso eseningizimu nasesikhathini amakhilomitha amabili nambili kusukela imikhawulo emzini inhlokodolobha - eMoscow. DME ikhodi ngokwayo - kuyinto segama igama sezindiza Domodedovo. Ezinye izindaba zika-esangweni emoyeni esifundeni laseMoscow efanayo isisekelo esuselwe: "Sheremetyevo", eyaziwa nangokuthi Sheremetyevo, eyaziwa nangokuthi SVO. Noma, ngokwesibonelo, "Vnukovo", nguye Vnukovo, kuba VKO.

Kwenqwaba ayengaphansi kweSoviet Union zezindiza kungenziwa ziqala ngo-European IATA amakhodi. Nakuba zikhona ezehlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, esephepheni of the sezindiza we dolobha friendly Kazakhstan, idolobha of Astana, le Tse yiyona isifinyezo, okuyinto akuhlangene enegama yesimanje komuzi. Nokho, abantu onolwazi ukhumbule lokho igama kwakufakazela lokhu edolobheni phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet: Tselinograd, Tselinograd. Ngakho, ikhodi elifanele.

ICAO ku isikhala post-Soviet

Kanjani isiqu esisebenza uhlelo ICAO? Nalapho futhi, yonke into ihlelwe futhi zibekwe phezu emashalofini. Incwadi yokuqala ikhodi kubonisa izwe, kwesibili - esifundeni, futhi ezimbili zokugcina ukuchaza cipher sezindiza ethile. Phakathi eSoviet Union ngaleso sikhathi kwaba incwadi U iqinile. Ngemva kokuwa we-Union of amazwe aseYurophu post-Soviet ikhodi incwadi European determinant esifundeni E (isibonelo, emazweni aseBaltic), kodwa kuyacaca ukuthi amaningi uthi lanamuhla ezimele, wahlela, ngokuvamile e-Asia, futhi uye wayilondoloza amakhodi yokuqala ICAO (Tajikistan, Georgia, Armenia, njll .) "Domodedovo" kule isimiso kwaba UUDD ukunciphisa. Okunye zezindiza, ezifana sezindiza "Sheremetyevo", - UUEE.

Amakhodi kanye izindiza

Kungani sidinga lama khodi? Ayikwazanga sivele silahle ithemba endaweni sokuhamba, indawo lokufika, ukuqala injini futhi fly ukuthula kwengqondo, lapho ufuna? Nokho, akunjalo elula njengoba kubonakala efika kuqala. Nsuku zonke emoyeni ngesikhathi esifanayo kungaba izinkulungwane izindiza ambalwa. Hhayi okuningi, wena uthi, futhi nizoba ngokuphelele kwesokudla. Nokho, emoyeni kanye emhlabathini, kukhona indawo imakwe ngokukhethekile - yomoya.

Noma yimuphi buhlalu, commercial noma ongokomthetho, izimpukane at velocities okweqa izikhathi eziningana ijubane imoto. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi izindiza jet Inamandla abaphehla ugesi. Ngokungafani umshini, awukwazi ukumisa indiza emoyeni. iqhinga ngamunye kuyadingeka ukuze ukubikezela kusengaphambili. Ngisho kokufika izindiza yesimanje uqale ukuya amakhilomitha ayisishiyagalolunye eziyikhulu namashumi kusuka esikhumulweni sezindiza lapho uya khona.

izinqubo okuqinile, ukuqaliswa zonke nezinqubo zokulawula lokuhlola, kanye navigation ngokusebenzisa uhlelo olukhethekile indiza (Flight izinhlelo) - lezi izici eziyinhloko ekuphatheni izindiza omkhulu. Noma yimuphi indiza-plan - indlela egandayiwe eya endaweni kwi (ezingeni sihamba) predetermined indiza kokuwa, ikhumbula liner Umqansa futhi kuncishiswe it belungiselela kwelanga lokugcina kwi glideslope kokwehla.

Aircraft indlela - kuyinto kwelivi yayo okuphathelene nomhlaba - yokuhamba komunye ukulawula iphuzu eya kwelinye ibanga okungenani phakathi kwabo, okungukuthi umugqa oqondile. Futhi indlela elula kakhulu wokuchaza iphuzu - it is a ikhodi eyingqayizivele uhlelo ngezigaba okungukuthi IATA noma ICAO.

esikhundleni isiphetho

DME .... Yikuphi sezindiza esifundeni Moscow has ukufaka ikhodi? Manje ngokuphepha futhi ngokuphumelelayo ungaphendula - "Domodedovo". Futhi akulula ukuphendula, ngisho ukuchaza Umsuka waleli ukunciphisa, agqoke ulwazi lwabo nabangane noma salezo zikhulu.