Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevna: Biography, izithombe kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevna (ukugcizelela kulomndeni ewela ilunga wesibili) kwaba unkosikazi wokuqala Russian, umbhali Soviet wemidlalo Mihaila Afanasevicha Bulgakova. Abathandi izincwadi ijwayelekile izinkumbulo zakhe zokuphila owayengumyeni wakhe.

Ngemva kokuhlukanisa kusukela Mihailom Afanasevichem nalo kwaba esikhundleni nzima. Nokho, njengoba kufakazelwa indaba, eyabhalwa abacwaningi yomlobi, akukho imizwa ongaqondile Bulgakov akazi. Cishe, waqhubeka abamthandayo, kodwa umangalele ukuthi uyajabula emshadweni wakhe wesithathu noDavide Kiselgof.

umndeni

Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevna wazalwa ngo 1892, ngo-November 23 ekhalendeni likaGregory, noma Disemba 5, ngokwesimiso esidala. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo wakhe - emzini Ryazan. uyise Tatiana sika - Lappa Nikolay Nikolaevich - insika wohlanga olukhulu. kwavela okhokho bakhe Lithuania. Ngo Ryazani Nikolay Nikolaevich wakhonza njengephayona umphathi we-Exchequer. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Lappa owayeyisiphathimandla ezinegunya, yayinesithakazelo yaseshashalazini kanye kwadingeka ithalente umlingisi. Nicholas wafa ngo-1918 eMoscow.

Omunye Tatiana okhokho kwakunguMathewu Dem'yanovich Lappa - indodana umninindawo, ilungu Southern Society, Okwesibili uLieutenant we Life Guards Izmailovo Regiment. Ngesikhathi yena wajoyina Decembrists, okuyiwona 10.07.1826, kwaba zehliswa ezikhundleni ukuze ezinhlwini, kodwa hhayi ngesikhathi esifanayo ophucwa yezikhulu. Mhlawumbe, ukhokho wakhe Tatyana Nikolaevna Lappa futhi wathola ifa isifiso sokuthola inkululeko yokuzibusa futhi inkululeko, okuyinto akukaze wamyeka konke ukuphila kwakhe.

Umama wentombazane - Pakhotinskikh Eugene V - wayengomunye walaba gentry Polish. Umndeni ondlile abantwana abayisithupha. Tatiana wayenabafowabo ezine futhi udade.

Umndeni iKhansela of State kuvikelwe futhi iphephile. Futhi, njengoba izinkumbulo Tatiana Nikolaevna ukubonisa ingane lutho lena kwakungeyona nje i ukwehluleka. Khona-ke ecabanga esizayo futhi ukuthola izipho ezivela kubazali. ebuntwaneni kwakungenazinkinga, njengoba umyeni wakhe wesikhathi esizayo UMikhail Bulgakov.

Ukunqamula

Ngo-1904, umndeni Tatiana wathuthela Saratov. Isizathu salokhu kwaba ukuqashwa kukaNksz ubaba omusha. E Saratov uNikolai ran Exchequer futhi wakhonza ngaphansi umyalo umbusi womuzi - PA Stolypin.

Lezo ezineminyaka engu-futhi washiya izinkumbulo yabo Tatyana Nikolaevna Lappa (bheka ngezansi isithombe).

Mayelana Saratov ukuphila walondoloza imizwa okumsulwa kakhulu. Ngo Umlando wakhe, Tatiana ukhuluma uhulumeni efulethini elikhulu, lapho kwakukhona khona egumbini lokuphumula nasekamelweni, ihhovisi kayise enkantini, kanye amakamelo ahlukene for abafana namantombazane. ukuphila komkhaya sasibalwa nokuzola. Uyise wasebenza. igama likanina lalingu-ingane. Ehlobo umndeni baya ezweni, ngubani inkanyezi kule iqashwe.

E Saratov Tatiana wayenomngane ongumakhelwane (kamakhelwane). Uyise waqhubeka Ochkina yaseshashalazini kanye kwakungcono ebhokisini lakhe. Tatiana ngokuvamile wathatha nabo ukuba ukusebenza, esamsiza wakwazi esebenzayo exhunywe ubuciko, kuhlanganise i-opera. Kuyaziwa ukuthi Bulgakov futhi othanda opera. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kwaba esinye sezizathu esenza convergence intsha.

Ajwayelane Bulgakov

Ehlobo lika-1908 ngokumenywa anti wakhe e Kiev weza ababuthaka nanhlanu yesikole Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevna. Biography amantombazane kusukela kulesi sikhathi ishintshile kakhulu.

Sofia Nikolaevna (Anti Tatiana) wasebenza izikhungo zabesifazane zemfundo ekhatsi Kiev - Frebelevskom Institute. Wakhe osebenza naye kwaba Varvara Mihaylovna Bulgakova - lo umama womlobi esizayo. Ukusiza baqonde kangcono Kiev nomshana, anti owethulwa yakhe umfana, indodana yakhe enisebenza naye. Ngakho Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevna Bulgakov wahlangana okokuqala.

uthando kuqala

Ngo Umlando wakhe, Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevna wakhuluma okuningi Kyïv. Ngezinye nanhlanu yesikole idolobha kwangihlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Kamuva wavuma ukuthi konke ngabona lapha kwababekulindele wakhe. Wayebona qaphele kanzima amehlo akhe off the domes yegolide amasonto, aminzisa in amagquma ezijulile oluhlaza, amapaki omnandi futhi izingadi, yeshashalazi, izakhiwo zikahulumeni eziqinile namathempeli lasendulo. Yiqiniso, okuningi kwalokho wabona konke injabulo kwaba ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi ehlangana nalo uthando kuqala. Ngemva ukuhamba emhlabeni Kiev ne eyishumi nesithupha Bulgakov kancane kancane lakhula laba nomuzwa emangalisayo.

Lesi sikhathi ngenjabulo Bulgakov zikhunjulwe. In isihloko sici enesihloko esithi "Kyïv-City", esho ngesasasa echazwe ezitaladini engenisa ukukhanya kwelanga futhi amagquma ezinohlaza, ethi ngalesi sikhathi enhloko-dolobha ikusasa Ukraine wahlala ngokunganaki isizukulwane young, siqiniseka esikhathini esizayo zabo ndawonye.

Umlando wabantu ababephila

Bekanye Bulgakov ku 1st Alexander sokuzivocavoca ukutadisha umbhali esizayo Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky. Ngo Umlando wakhe wabhala ukuthi uMichael efunda ulimi abaphezulu futhi ononya ezahlukene yakhe, ukuphila futhi impetuosity. Ngo konke akushoyo wazizwa amandla nesiqinisekiso. Ngaphandle silulumagama Bulgakov wagcwala hoaxes futhi ezisungulwe. Umlobi esizayo babenza kalula futhi ngazo zonke izikhathi.

I abasha yesikole yesifundazwe Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevna ayengayisebenzisa ukumelana le nsizwa. Okokugcina indima edlalwa kule, kanye Kiev - omunye izikhungo ezinkulu yamasiko eRussia. Abantu abasha ukuchitha isikhathi, hhayi nje kuphela ekuthandeni ubuhle edolobheni. Bakhuluma ngoZiqu-yaseshashalazini, umculo nezincwadi. Bakuhleka ngesikhathi satyrs Saltykov-Shchedrin, hhayi nje Ixoxwa humoresques Antosha Chekhonte. Ngokwe-Umlando wabantu ababephila, Bulgakov ngekhanda izindaba ezikhethiwe kanye izinhlamvu laseChekhov. Kepha Saltykov, wayengumuntu cishe "siqu" emkhayeni Lapp. Iqiniso liwukuthi uma umkhulu Tatiana UNikolai Ivanovich wakhonza Ryazan ngaphansi kokuqondisa Michael Evgrafovich owabhala izincwadi ngaphansi mbumbulu Shchedrin.

Ukubhekana abazali

Ngokushesha idyll iphelile. Amaholide siphele, futhi Tatiana waya Saratov ekhaya. Kodwa abathandi wayelokhu exhumana ngokubabhalela izincwadi, okubangela ukunganeliseki nemindeni yabo.

Abazali zabantu abasha yayiphambana nobuhlobo babo. Babebheka lezi ubudlelwane ukungalingani. Iqiniso lokuthi uyise Bulgakov sika esithile waba uprofesa e Kiev Theological Academy. Futhi lesi sihloko, wathola ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe. Naphezu isikhundla sakhe kwekhansela isimo, Athanasius Ivanovich Bulgakov kwaba WiMP. Futhi Rodney nomkhaya wakhe bangoFakazi ezicukuthwaneni nepochetno-insika.

Owenqabela ukushadana kanye nendodana nonina Tatiana kwaba Bulgakov. Wayekholelwa ukuthi abazali nomalokazana wentombazane iyobheka kusukela amakilasi aphansi phansi.

Initiative ukuba nihlukane phakathi intsha balandela abazali balo Tatiana. Babefuna ukuthumela indodakazi atadishele eParis futhi babeqiniseka ukuthi maduze ukwakha ubuhlobo obungathi sina.

Tatyana Nikolaevna Lappa ukuza Kiev ku likaKhisimusi 1908 Nokho, abazali akakungenisanga wakhe. Bathumela indodakazi yakhe lapho efundela ugogo wakhe eMoscow. Futhi konke lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi omunye Michael Alexander Gdeshinskogo e Saratov yocingo becela wire ekhatsi Kiev mayelana nokufika Tatiana, kungenjalo Misha badutshulwe.

Kamuva Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevna zikhunjulwe ukuphendula kayise. Buthule, eligoqiwe le ncwadi bakuthumela udadewabo, Sofia Nikolaevna, ngakho intombazana yamnika unina Bulgakov sika.

Ngalowo nyaka, uMichael waphothula izifundo zakhe e-sokuzivocavoca nomalume ezinikelwe ruble 25, wanquma ukuza Saratov. Nokho kweqiniso lwalezi zinhlelo wangafika. Abazali musa nimyeke ahambe.

Ukuqokwa entsha

Zonke izithiyo ezibonakala zingangentaba kuphela lwavuthela uthando. iminyaka engu-3 ngemuva komhlangano wokuqala nge Tasya (ngakho babembiza Bulgakov Tatiana) Michael ngokwakhe wafika Saratov ku amaholidi kaKhisimusi. Wahlala khona kusukela ngo-December 1911 kuze kube maphakathi no-January 1912 Kulesi sikhathi, Bulgakov wafunda Faculty of Kiev Imperial University, okuyinto wangena 1909. Lolu hambo ukuthonywa isifundo sakhe ngendlela engafanele. Michael kukora isigaba futhi kuhlulekile ukuhlolwa. Ngenxa yalesi wayengabhekiseli idluliselwe inkambo esilandelayo.

ngokudala umndeni

Ngokusho udadewabo Nadia, Bulgakov waya Saratov okungenani kasikhombisa. Futhi ngo-1913, abazali baphoqeleka ukuba bakwemukele imizwa izingane zabo, futhi banikeza isibusiso wokuzibophezela emshadweni wabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Tatiana kwase sebevele ukuhambisa kokungenela yezokwelapha phezu ukukhipha izisu.

Wedding badlala ku 26 April. Njengoba Ngakhumbula Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevna, phambi kwe-altare, babejabula, kodwa akazange benamandla sina okwamanje. Ngaso sonke isikhathi bakhangwa ukuhleka. Kwakubonakala sengathi into embi ekuphileni kwabo sesiphumile, futhi ngaphambi - futhi ujabule iminyaka eminingi injabulo kwelinye lamadolobha amahle kakhulu e-Russia.

impi

Umshado ophumelelayo awumi ndawonye endaweni Russia obunokuthula eyathatha umbhangqwana Bulgakovs kwesikhathi esingaphezudlwana konyaka. Ngo-1914, ukuphila ushintshe kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. izwi ngonya wabanjwa Tatiana futhi Mikhail e Saratov, lapho befika ngesikhathi ehambele abazali bakhe. Ngokushesha, idolobha kwalimala iqala ukufika. Bona zafakwa esibhedlela, wahlela ukuba izikhulu imali. Yiqiniso, abahlengikazi kanye nodokotela kuleli isikhungo azange abe anele, futhi Bulgakov bamenywa ukusebenza khona isikhathi eside. Ngakho Michael wathatha umkhuba wakhe wokuqala yezokwelapha. Esibhedlela Saratov Bulgakov wasebenza kuze kuqale amakilasi eNyuvesi.

Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, uMichael ngokuzithandela bazinza esibhedlela samasosha e Kiev. Nokho, ehlobo lika-1916 Bulgakov wayiswa Kamenetz-Podolsk, etholakala eduze phambi. balandela Tatiana. Futhi kukhona, waba khona njalo lapho umyeni wakhe, uhleli ukusebenza njengoba umhlengikazi.

i-aphoyintimenti entsha

Ngo-July 1916 Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevna waya nge Bulgakov esifundazweni Smolensk. Lokhu kwakuhambisana nezinga ukuqokwa entsha umyeni wakhe, owayevele abasisiwe agcinele eMoscow District Military-Medical Administration. Lapho, edolobhaneni Nikolskoye Sychevskii wesifunda Mikhail waqala ukukhonza udokotela ezweni. Esikhathini esifanayo, umbhali esizayo baba imilutha morphine. Kungenzeka, ngoba-ke, futhi wenza isisu wesibili Tatyana Nikolaevna Lappa. Akuphindanga kwaba Izingane zakhe ngenxa yaleli kokungenela.

Ekwindla ka-1917 Bulgakov kuhanjiswe ku Vyazma. Kulomuzi, uMichael waba kwenhloko yomnyango kuhlinzwa ezithathelwanayo esibhedlela. Tatiana wayefuna ukuba lapha nomyeni wakhe, kodwa abasebenzi bezokwelapha kuqhathaniswa ke.

imisebenzi yokudala

Ngo-February 1918, ngemva Okthoba ngo-1917, lo mbhangqwana uthuthela kusukela Vyazma Bulgakov Kyïv. Kodwa kwadlula isikhathi eside ukuba bahlala kuleli dolobha abazange babe. Michael, kanye White Army babaleka amaBolshevik eCaucasus. Tatiana wakwazi ukuthola phandle lapho waphathwa ze-typhus, waphulukisa nabanye futhi wathumela kuJehowashi eMoscow. Bafica elambile neminyaka yempi. Ukuze bazigcine bephila, Bulgakov omningi umsebenzi, futhi ebusuku waqala ukubhala. Kusukela abandayo Mikhail kwamzwisa ubuhlungu kusukela izingalo isango. inkosikazi ethembekile sekuqala ukufudumala kaphalafini bakhe isibani amanzi asibeke etafuleni elisemcengezini. Bulgakov bacwilisa izandla zakhe, ukufudumala kubona futhi waqhubeka ukubhala wemisebenzi yakhe yobungcweti.

isehlukaniso

Yonke imizamo neze yize. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva umlobi Bulgakov waqala ukungena vogue. Wayefanele imali nodumo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphila komkhaya kuhlala khona lezi zithandani uqale sidilike. Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevna, inkosikazi yokuqala yomlobi, isithakazelo impumelelo komyeni wakhe etemibhalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena wayeqaphile kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi Bulgakov waqala ukuba udlale ngothando nabanye abesifazane.

Ngemva Michael alethwe ekhaya Love Belozerskaya futhi wathi babengeke baphile ngendlela, Tatiana igcwele izikhwama zayo ngase ngakwesokunxele. Ngo-April 1924, isehlukaniso semthethweni. Yaphela kanjalo-ke beshadile.

Tatyana Nikolaevna Lappa, inkosikazi yokuqala Bulgakov, kwaba kanye naye iminyaka eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kunzima zokuphila kwakhe. Yena wamsindisa morphinism nomkhuhlane, owelama Michael ezikhathini ezinzima futhi uye wasekela njalo-ke. Ngemva kwesehlukaniso, Tatiana eyedwa, ngaphandle umsebenzi kanye efulethini abandayo.

Iminyaka ngaphandle Bulgakov

Njengoba kwaba isiphetho wesifazane? Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevna, ogama izinkumbulo kufundvwe by abahlaziyi bemibhalo namuhla, ngemva kokuhlukanisa kusuka umbhali ukuwo wezingubo, wayezama ukuba abe oloba, abasebenzi yesisebenzi esakhiweni. Okwesikhathi esithile usethole indawo emtholampilo. Kube wasebenza maphambili edeskini.

Ngo-1933, umzalwane Tatiana wahlangana nomunye Bulgakov Alexander Pavlovich Kreshkova. Ngokushesha wabuya futhi esephethe waphinda washada, sathuthela nashade naye omusha e-esifundeni sase-Irkutsk. Esibhedlela sendawo kwaba Kreshkov wezingane. Lo mshado ibingabhalisiwe.

Ngo-1945, ngemva kwempi, Wafika Kreshkov phambi awuwedwa. Weza nomunye wesifazane. Ngemva kwalokho Tatiana kuhanjiswe ku laseKharkov. Kamuva wahlala kwaze kwaphela unyaka e Moscow, lapho laqasha ikamelo futhi wasebenza njengoba yezincwadi.
Okwesithathu umyeni wakhe wayengekho owayengumngani kalowo Bulgakov - ummeli uDavide Aleksandrovich Kiselgof. Naye yena ngo-1947 bathuthela ukuze Tuapse. Kube eshona ku 04.10.1982, lesikhumbuzo livela nesibongo Lappa-Kiselgof.

Lokho a baxgeki eziningi etemibhalo, ababenesithakazelo ezazifika Tuapse lokusungula Bulgakov. Umkakhe wokuqala isibe ngabo ubufakazi eliyigugu, izinkumbulo okuzokwenza ukukwazisa kangcono impilo umlobi odumile.