Kuyini kiotny engu-

Lapho izikebhe ekubunjweni zethusi abasezinhlanganweni yingcweti ngokuphelele, enkathini entsha ekukhiqizweni izinto ngezinto ezahlukene noma efanayo. Izinkampani eziningi ziye zadalwa, okuyinto ezikhiqizwa izinto kobufundisi kusukela yethusi Alloys yayo - zethusi. Ngo XVIII-XIX eminyaka idaliwe lenqwaba imifanekiso, kiotnyh kanye kwesiphambano.

I engavamile engu-

Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi kuleli zwe lanamuhla, lokho kiotny ukuwela futhi kuzinjongo yayihloselwe ku Amakholwa Old. Nokho, sizama ekususeni umgubuzelo ekusithekeni ngale ndaba. Lokhu izesekeli isonto kungahlali ukuba zigqokwe emzimbeni, incazelo yalo wayehlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela zangaphansi evamile engafani ngobukhulu futhi kwadingeka simise kancane ezingahambisani nezivamile.

Igama isonto livela nekusita izwi lasendulo "isithonjana icala." Kyoto - kungcono ibhokisi elincane enjalo, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba esifubeni, isayizi esincane, lapho imifanekiso ehlukahlukene zigcinwa. Emacaleni isithonjana ubudala wazenza ngethusi noma ithusi, futhi enamels ubuhle ukulondolozwa camera.

Kiotnye kweqa umlando

Leziphambano esukela emuva ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho kwanqunywa ukuba akusibekele; amasango ke awo. Futhi kungaba kokubili ezifuywayo ezisemadolobheni. Nokho, banayo nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezahlukene ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, kiotnye iziphambano kwaqhubeka kwenzeka izibonakaliso ezindaweni ezingcwele noma imigwaqo. Bona ishayisa isihlahla, ngakho bekulokhu ezindaweni yisakhiwo sodumo. Futhi, avame linamathele lokhuni iziphambano phezu kwamathuna. Ngenxa yizinhlobonhlobo kiotnye yayo iziphambano abangu uhlonishwa phakathi labantu isikhathi, base endlini cishe yonke imindeni.

abalekele okunjalo ezimweni eziningi une-ayisishiyagalombili-shape kanye ezine ukushanela (ezimbili phambili, etshekile amabili). Isikhathi esining impela, lezi isonto izingxenye enameling, kodwa kwezinye izimo bangabizwa ezimboziwe patina.

Patina - ungqimba we oxide sensimbi, okuyinto has izakhiwo zokuzivikela. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le patina ku yethusi Alloys yayo zingase zimiswe ngokuzimela, kodwa kufanele athathe emashumini eminyaka ambalwa. Nge amakhemikhali asebenzayo izingcweti sikhathi kweqa kiotnye "Ukubethelwa" camera nale ungqimba izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Old Amakholwa zazenza umsebenzi omkhulu, futhi umkhiqizo ke etholwe Liyindawo enhle. Abantu abaningi ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe abasuke bengakakwazi ukusebenzisa ukuqonda ukuthi babekwazi kanjani ukubonisa yonke imininingwane ngakho esasile, usebenzisa amathuluzi sasivumela bakudala kwesikhathi.

Endaweni ehlukile, ikhwalithi sibalo koqweqwe lwawo, okuyinto kwakunzima ngempela. Kunezenzakalo lapho kufika ku-6 ezinengilazi ezahlukene babesebenza kwelinye esiphambanweni. Sokusebenzisa enamels ashisayo wasebenzisa indlela.

Kaningi kiotnye iziphambano kwekhulu le-18 kwadingeka nokubiyela izithombe ezengeziwe: uMariya Magdalena, uMariya, the Evangelist. abalekele okunjengalokhu kwabonisa bonke umusa of the Church.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lolu hlobo imikhiqizo isetshenziswe kuphela emthethweni, inani elikhulu Orthodox sikwazisa lokhu uhlobo lomsebenzi. AmaKristu ayaqaphela zezimpawu iziphambano.

Google ngemikhiqizo

Ngokuvamile amakhosi uzame nzima ukuba angasiphindi, nezihloko ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesinye isikhathi ongaveza kiotnye kweqa "Ukubethelwa ne ongcwele oluzayo", kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi satholana bukhicite indzaba ehluke ngokuphelele.

Esinye isici esithakazelisayo umdwebo - umugqa. Indaba ngokwayo ingase ibe okufanayo, ezinye onobuhle yimpumelelo kakhulu ekhiqizwa amakhulu eminyaka, ngaphandle kokushintsha incazelo yesithombe, kodwa kube imigqa ehlukene. imikhiqizo amasha kakhudlwana zenziwa nge imigqa eqondile, liye alalelwa kakhulu imininingwane ehlukahlukene. Uma isithombe ilula futhi imagebhugebhu, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi umkhiqizo omningi lasendulo.

Kiotnye iziphambano lavuselelwa okukhulu phakathi kwabantu, + ngakho zenziwa kakhulu. I mednitsy ngobukhulu ngonyaka ongaveza amayunithi ezingaphezu kuka-100 000. nabo gu workshop ezincane. Lezi imikhiqizo isendalini hhayi kuphela amasonto, benza angathengwa at SMME.

zinhlobo iziphambano

Ukuze uthole ukuqonda kangcono, uyini umehluko kiotny engu- lonke, kudingeka siqonde, yiziphi wonke abalekele kwezinhlobo futhi esetshenziselwa lokho nezinjongo. Zonke iziphambano zingahlukaniswa zibe 3 amaqembu ayinhloko:

1. Underwear. Le mikhiqizo abe usayizi encane kakhulu. yibona ngokuvamile bengekho ngaphezu kwama-8 cm ukuphakama. Basuke ifakwe isibambo amancane enzelwe kuphela ukuba zigqokwe emzimbeni.
2. Metal pectoral. Lokhu imikhiqizo ezinkulu, okuyinto zisetshenziselwa igqoke phezu kwesifuba. Bafana kakhulu kiotnye, kodwa umehluko yabo eyinhloko - umgodi ukuze ukulengiswa. Ezimweni eziningi kuba phezulu (njengaku egqokenayo), kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba ngemuva umkhiqizo.
3. Kiotnye kweqa. imikhiqizo enjalo Futhi enziwa omkhulu futhi ezisindayo. Ngokuyinhloko, bahambisa abantu phakathi izithonjana. Futhi, zingase linamathele stavroteki. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kiotnye iziphambano babe singekho ngaleso Amakholwa Old bavame wazibeka esikhundleni udumo ekhaya.

ukubukeka Cross

Kuye ukubukeka umkhiqizo kungathiwani ke impela eningi, isibonelo, lapho wawenziwe. Enyakatho, ikhono lokwenza iziphambano ezinjalo Seledlulise kakhulu, futhi izinto ngokuvamile wadala kwadingeka simise engavamile kakhulu.

Futhi, lapho engu- lenziwe, futhi kungashiwo kunqunywa uhlangothi lwalo reverse. Kube esetshenziswa ukwenza ezihlukahlukene izimpawu kanye amaphethini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi lisayinwe master kanye nophawu lwakhe.

Ngokuvamile kiotnyh iziphambano "Ukubethelwa Kristu" iminonjana yokuhlanza. Into wukuthi basuke kakhulu ohlonishwayo Old Amakholwa, futhi bahlanza nabo njalo, ngakho obakhathalelayo umkhiqizo. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ukuthole iminonjana futhi ngempela anolaka ukuhlanza cross - okusho ukuthi abanikazi bayo akuzona ukukhathazeka kakhulu ngokuphepha kwakhe futhi ngobutshapha wamphatha.

I iziphambano zabo zisitshekelwe?

Isonto ukwenza imikhiqizo sinjalo amakhulu, adalwe kusuka ezahlukene izinhlobo izinsimbi. Nokho, okuyigugu kakhulu yilezo zazo ezenziwe ngezinto ezifana nethusi nethusi. Ihlanganisa ezifana imikhiqizo patina kanye koqweqwe lwawo, eyigugu kakhulu yilezo zambozwa igolide. Okwamanje, lezi zinto athandwa kakhulu phakathi abaqoqi.

Intengo yomkhiqizo

Inani kuncike lapho senziwa kiotny esiphambanweni ukuthi kubukeka kanjani okwamanje. Nokho, kukhona nezinye izinto eziningi. Ibandla eqolo kubhekwe idatha izimfanelo, okuyinto zambozwa izingqimba eziningana koqweqwe lwawo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi intengo ongama, uma esiphambanweni ethile has umlando walo. Isici esibalulekile zamanani futhi ubukhulu bawo ukulondolozwa.

Ezinye iziphambano kiotnye babe isiphetho eyinkimbinkimbi, kanye kwabathile ababenawo. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho sekubusa amaKhomanisi, kwathiwa amandla, baphanga futhi dekulakize nezakhamuzi ezicebile, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi uhulumeni ayiboni esontweni, izimo eziningi iziphambano babemane ubhujiswe noma ithengiswe, ukhanda yabo yaqhubeka ingaziwa.

isiphetho

Kiotny cross - uhlobo olukhethekile ngemfanelo isonto, eye iyinto enkulu wonke Amakholwa Old. Basuke ikakhulukazi wazenza ngethusi kanye Alloys yayo camera nge patina, koqweqwe lwawo futhi igolide. Kuze kube manje, le mikhiqizo abasakwazi eqolo futhi ezingavamile. Abakwazi kuphela ezitholakala ezitolo Antique futhi abaqoqi.