Kungenzeka yini ukuba uthele izingxenye isisekelo: isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo, izici kanye nezincomo

Lapho ukugcwaliswa kwenziwa isisekelo Monolithic, kukhona isidingo omningi ngokhonkolo, ngezinye izikhathi esingeqile a amamitha ambalwa cubic. izinkampani Ukwakhiwa sondelana lo daba ngokusebenzisa imishini esindayo ngohlobo amaphampu eziphathekako labathaki bamafutha. Bavumela isixazululo okuxubile sondle kube isikhunta.

ukugcwaliswa Kungani lamellar

Onjiniyela Private musa njalo nethuba ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe, ngoba ngempela eqolo, kodwa ezindaweni ezincane, le ndlela yokukhuluma kungenakwenzeka khona ngenxa yokuntuleka kochwepheshe imigwaqo imishini. Ungakwazi ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokwengxenye ngumuntu semende, kodwa ivolumu ingxube okuyinto ingalungiswa e: Umthwalo owodwa, elinganiselwe. Kulokhu, abakhi uyazibuza ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba ugcwalise izingxenye isisekelo, ngoba ngezinye izikhathi ithinta isisekelo amandla nokusebenza izakhiwo.

nokuvuthwa ukhonkolo

Ukhonkolo - inhlanganisela usimende kanye fillers, okuyinto amvalele amanzi. Ukuze uthuthukise fluidity, enikeza inhlanganisela imisebenzi futhi ukwandisa ukumelana frost ngesikhathi nomkhombe ku ukhonkolo kungenzeka plasticizers kanye izithasiselo wanezela. Kuleli qophelo, futhi ungakwazi ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nokuthi ingabe kungenzeka ukuba uthele izingxenye isisekelo. Ukuthululela ikhambi ku ewuketshezi, ngokuthi formwork kusho izinqubo engelapheki uqale ukhonkolo, njengoba kulandela:

• kulungiselelwa;
• lukhuni.

Phakathi isinyathelo sokuqala, ikhambi iqala ukuza isimo okuqinile, ngoba usimende namanzi izingxenye basebenzisane. Kodwa ubuhlobo phakathi izithako awanele, futhi uma into zizothinteka umthwalo, kungaba lalizobhujiswa, bese kabusha kulungiselelwa yesixazululo kayikuza.

Yini enye okudingeka ukwazi mayelana izigaba

Lesi sigaba ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu izinga lokushisa ngaphandle Uthatha 3 amahora izinsuku. Nge ukunciphisa kulungiselelwa lokushisa ukhonkolo ithatha isikhathi eside. Esigabeni sokuqala luhlala ketshezi, ngaphandle kokuguqula. Uma ngalesi sikhathi lo formwork engeza yinhlama entsha ukhonkolo, ukubhujiswa izibopho usimende ngeke kwenzeke.

At lokushisa 20 ° C esigabeni ketshezi izothatha amahora ama-2 uma izinga lokushisa lehla kuya zero ke kwesikhathi uzoqhubeka amahora ayi-8. Isikhathi ukuqala kulungiselelwa singase siwathole, ngokuba liyisihlalo ukhonkolo njalo okuxubile, kodwa ukusebenza yayo kuzokwenziwa ngcono, ngakho-ke akufanele basebenzise kabi inqubo.

Ukuthululela ukhonkolo ngokuthi isiphi isigaba sayo ukuqina

Uma umbuzo owabuzwa phambi kwakho mayelana nokuthi ungakwazi uthele izingxenye isisekelo, kudingeka ufunde kabanzi, futhi isinyathelo lukhuni ukhonkolo. Lesi sigaba sithatha isikhathi eside, ngoba izingxenye bayothola amandla iminyaka eminingi. I zokuqala ezingu 28 ezibhekwa eside ukuchayeka saziso ukwakha iqoqo amandla. Ukuphulukiswa senzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokushesha, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngosuku lokuqala, ngemva ijubane kubambezela.

Ngo amahora okuqala angu-ngemva kokuhlela, ukhonkolo kuyoba yini ubulukhuni njengoba okusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi uma wengeza enye ingxenye, lokho kungase kubangele ukubukeka ukuqhekeka okuncane, ngoba umthwalo isakhiwo kuyokhula. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu, lezi imithwalo ungenayo i nomphumela omkhulu kakhulu izingqimba kuqala. Banikezwe izici nokuvuthwa isixazululo kungenziwa wagomela ngokuthi kungenzeka izingxenye ukugcwaliswa kwesisekelo kwenziwe, kodwa kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho ethile.

Izincomo bathele izingxenye isisekelo

Lapho unjiniyela oyimfihlo ezibuza ngalokho ukuthi ungakwazi uthele izingxenye isisekelo ukuba siqale, kumelwe ufunde imithetho ethile yokuziphatha emsebenzini onjalo. Bafunda kanje: ukuxuba amaqoqwana ehlukile uchungechunge ukhonkolo, okumele abe nomkhawulo amahora amabili noma ngaphansi phakathi bazanelise, kuziwa sezulu efudumele. Uma umsebenzi owawenziwa off-isizini, kulokhu zingandiswa emahoreni angu-4. Ngamandla isisekelo engashintshwa, kanye yaseZimbabwe abumane.

Uma ubhekene bemangele mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka ukuba ugcwalise izingxenye isisekelo, kumelwe kukhunjulwe ukuthi iziphazamiso eside kumele singeqi izinsuku ezintathu. Ngemva kwekhefu, kumila isisekelo, okuyinto kulindeleke ukuba ugcwalise batch fresh, kumelwe abe umuntu okungekho umswakama, izintuli nokungcola. Kubalulekile ukuba afeze yokuhlanza ibhulashi metal. I umphetho kuyodingeka adhesion ezinhle.

Step by step imiyalelo ukuze bathele izingxenye isisekelo

Kungcono uthele isisekelo ngokuqhubekayo, ngezinye izikhathi okusebenza abayeki ngisho ebusuku. Ngenxa yalokho, kungenzeka ukuthola isakhiwo Monolithic esesikhundleni esiphakeme umthwalo esindayo umthamo. Kodwa leli thusi okuqhubekayo bungatholakala kuphela uma sisebenzisa ikhambi ukuthengwa okuzokwenziwa kufakwa isikhunta kusukela labathaki bamafutha ethangini. Uma isixazululo ibhalwe nasesakhiweni, esikhundleni buchwepheshe isetshenziswa a su yokugcwalisa esinqunyiwe.

Ngokubuza umbuzo ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba ugcwalise izingxenye isisekelo strip, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, umklamo onjalo ngeke badikibale ku umbuzo amandla ukuthi lenzeka indlela ekubunjweni Monolithic. Ubuchwepheshe asakazwe discontinuous simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: esinyathelweni sokuqala ukwakha skeleton ukuqinisa lapho yakhiwa izinduku ovundlile. Badinga yahlukaniswa yizindaba uxhumano mpo. Ibanga phakathi imigoqo ovundlile kufanele ikhethwe ngu yokugcwalisa ivolumu. Kuvamise ku ekupha 10 kuya 12 cm.

Uma ucabanga ku umbuzo wokuthi kungenzeka ukuba uthele izingxenye isisekelo, amathiphu kufanele ifundwe. Phakathi kwabo uzothola ukuthi isinyathelo esilandelayo kungaba ukulungiselela isixazululo ukugcwalisa ungqimba wokuqala ngokhonkolo. Formwork ngaleyo ndlela kufanele uchichime nombala, kuyilapho ukushuba we ungqimba wokuqala ukuba alingane ibanga phakathi imigoqo ovundlile, okumele ibe ngu- 1.5 cm. Lokhu kuhambelana umbuzo sendlela ugcwalise izingxenye nge isisekelo ukuqinisa. Isendlalelo yesibili ayozithola ibe ukuqinisa ovundlile. Uma ukuthelwa ungqimba wokuqala seliqediwe, kungenzeka ukuba umuntu aqale ukulungisa ingxenye yesixazululo, elithululelwa kwaphezulu yesibili.

kufanele kulandelwe inqubo enjalo, ngenkathi akayitholi ukuphakama oyifunayo base. Ubuchwepheshe ubizwa nangokuthi egqinsiwe futhi oxhumene izingqimba ngabanye aphethwe ndawonye nokufakwa. Nokho, uma ungqimba wokuqala esiqaliwe ukusetha wafinyelela esiteji ukuqina, Gcwalisa yesibili usungaqala kuphela ngemva ungqimba wokuqala belashwa.

Abaningi imfundamakhwela handyman abazibuza ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba uthele izingxenye isisekelo, imiyalelo esihlokweni, kuzokwenza ukuba baqonde. Kusukela ke ungabona ukuthi ngemva bathele ungqimba wokuqala uma akulindelekile ukuba ngokushesha saqala ukwakhiwa yesibili, ebusweni kufanele zihambisana polyethylene, okuyinto Uyoqeda ukuhwamuka kwamanzi engadingeki. Ngakho kungenzeka kwakheka ungqimba yesibili ngosuku olulandelayo, ngemva kwamanzi kumelwe kususwe ne ubisi ukhonkolo.

Izincomo ngokukhetha brand ukhonkolo

Uma ungazange waba nokuhlangenwe nakho ethela isisekelo ke udinga ukuqala ukucabanga ngalokho izosetshenziswa kanjani umkhiqizo wakho ngokhonkolo. Kunconywa ukuba banake izimo yokusebenza ukwakhiwa esizayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amagama emikhiqizo ehlukahlukene edayiswa zinezikhathi ukumelana ezithile amanzi kanye frost. Uma ngaphambi izinqubo kwavela ukuthi zinjalo yini kungenzeka ukuba uthele izingxenye isisekelo, indlela yokwenza umsebenzi ukhonkolo, ngokuqinisekile kufanele unqume.

Kwezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi evame ukusetshenziswa grade M-300 no-M-450. Uma izimo akuzona esinzima kangako emizini yabo, ungasebenzisa grade ukhonkolo M-100 no-M-200. M-100 no-M-450 uzilungiselele nge yezingxenye efanayo kodwa izindlela ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, M-100 kuyinto ingxubevange:

• 4 izingxenye isihlabathi;
• 1 okuyingxenye usimende;
• izingxenye 6 uhlalwane.

Nakuba ukulungiswa M-450 kube kufanele kusetshenziswe:

• enye ingxenye isihlabathi;
• enye ingxenye usimende;
• ezimbili zasemahlombe ngohlalwane.

isiphetho

Ukuze akha itshe usimende ikhambi kudingeka 1 okuyingxenye amanzi izingxenye 4 usimende. Nokho, lolu cwaningo kasimende namanzi isilinganiso uyaqonda ukuthi ngezabelo kakhulu yilena elandelayo: 3 2 no-2 kuya ku-1.