Koqhekeko ngaphakathi iSonto Lobu-Orthodox nasemiphumeleni yaso

Emlandweni Russia nase Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia esadlala ezibalulekile Uqhekeko kwekhulu XVII. Imiphumela yabo ibonakala kuveziwe embikweni okhuthaza udlame, ukushushiswa ngenxa yenkolo, ukudala ukholo ezingenakubalwa. Lokhu enamandla esikalini futhi sibalulekile inhlangano yenkolo-sezombusazwe ngemuva lalo, ngaphandle yokufunda ukuthi akaqondi izizathu Isendlalela sale drama enkulu Russian. Okokuqala, nakuba lesi sehlakalo ihlobene ngokuya ihogela emikhosini engokwenkolo futhi, ikakhulukazi, mayelana izimfundiso, ayenakho ezinye izizathu. Singasho futhi ukugqamisa indima Tsar Alexei ezithule futhi uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Nikon, sibonga ngalo izimo zezombusazwe ziye zaba yisandla ukuhlukana. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izizathu iSonto ukudlalwa kulesi simo, indima encane.

Ngakho, nge ummango beya sobukhosi yesibili Romanov lwamakhosi of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, wethiwa ezithule, ezifisweni yasebukhosini eMoscow anda. Monarch ezithandwayo zezingoma izifiso ukuba zibuswe sephiko lalo bonke abantu Orthodox ophilayo eMpumalanga Yurophu aseBalkan. Kodwa ngemva bamba nokudliwa Kwesokunxele-Bank Ukraine Kungazelelwe kwaba khona inkinga uhlamvu isiko. wabhapathizwa Iningi amakholwa benqobe amazwe abangu ngeminwe amathathu, njengoba kwakunjalo eGreece emhlabeni wonke Orthodox, futhi isiphambano ezimbili Russian. Nezifiso inkosi ukusungula "Okwesithathu eRoma" Ngabamba emkhubeni enobunye. Kusukela kulesi simo kwakukhona izinqumo ezimbili: noma ukuphoqelela labantu yanqoba rites isiRashiya, noma wenze amakholwa akho ukuba avume uKristu ngendlela entsha. Ngakho-ke Uqhekeko - phetho izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ezingasebenzi ngoba ukuqaliswa zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni obumbene.

Njengoba abeke noma yini, futhi kwakuyingozi izifundazwe kakade ngesimo, inkosi wanquma ukuthatha "yakhe." Wenza-ke ezinzima, "amaphoyisa 'izinyathelo. Ngo 1653 wakhethwa ngonyaka odlule e Umbhishobhi isiRashiya, Metropolitan Nikon ithumele isimemezelo, lapho ngendlela categorical kakhulu ebekiwe wabhapathizwa ngeminwe amathathu wabeka prostrations ezine esikhundleni eyishumi nesithupha at umthandazo Saint Efrema Sirina. Wabuye esikhundleni ukucula monophonic e polyphonic bese uvumele abapristi ukuba ngimemezele izintshumayelo ingoma yakhe siqu. Ngakho, Nikon kabusha futhi isonto yokuhlukanisa kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nomunye.

Kusukela ezintsha eziphoqelelwe kuvela "phezulu", ngaphandle incazelo noma inkolelo ngokunemba izinyathelo ezinjalo, lo mthetho wahlangana ukumelana wagan 'unwabu kakhulu, futhi kuzo zonke kwezakhi zenhlabathi sabantu. Ngisho ezinye izicukuthwane nabakhulu wawalwela retrogression ehlonipha lasendulo. Babashayeli kanye lokuphikiswa kwakunesidingo sokuba abanye abefundisi, ikakhulukazi archpriests Daniel noHabakuki. Kodwa inkosi futhi inzalamizi ngigxilile. Ngisho iqiniso lokuthi 1658, Nikon yawela lokungamukelwa, futhi 1666 wagudluzwa kusukela isikhundla yenzalamizi, akazange kuthinte yonke Uqhekeko ukunwetshwa: e 1667 Omkhulu eMoscow esiGungwini anathematized labo ababenqaba ukwamukela imicikilisho entsha, futhi baqhubeka " ohlambalaza Church, "isola wakhe bezihlubuki.

Ukubonakaliswa lokuqala ukungeneliseki kwaba ukuvukela Solovki emphakathini uwonke (1667-1676). Yaphela ngokukhululwa ukubhuqwa we ukukhononda. I shirilsya Uqhekeko futhi lujule. Imikhaya eminingi ababebalekela ushushiso futhi akazange want dazula ukholo lwabo, babaleka ukuba emaphethelweni umbuso Russian - emaxhaphozini iDanube, nasenyakatho, in the iVolga esifundeni naseSiberia, esakaza izwi mayelana indawo okuvela kuyo amazwi izikhathi zokugcina, futhi umbuso Umphik'ukristu, okuyinto manje inkosi futhi inzalamizi. Alekseya Tishayshego ukufa awushintshanga isimo. UZandile Alekseevna kuphela some ukushushiswa Amakholwa abangalaleli.

Koqhekeko wathola ukubonakaliswa yako emibi kakhulu mass self-immolation - okubizwa ngokuthi "ukusha". abantu Desperate wathatha ezimpilweni zabo siqu, hhayi ukuze akhaphele okholweni. Lezi abazibulalayo kwaqhubeka kuwo wonke amakhulu eminyaka XVIII-XIX. It aqede nokushushiswa kwezinceku amandla wokuziphilisa: esinqumweni uNicholas II «Ngokuphathelene ukubekezelela," okuyinto yibhange inkululeko engokwenkolo emthethweni. Futhi ngo-1929, isiGungu Esingcwele seSonto lathatha isinqumo ukuthi "imicikilisho ubudala Russian futhi esibuhlungu."