Kirche - esontweni lamaLuthela ... Yini lokho?

Kirchen ngokuyisisekelo ngokuthi Lutheran izakhiwo isiko. Kodwa lokhu akulona icala. I-German izwi Kirche sifana umqondo Russian "isonto." ETestamenteni Elisha ke linamathele incazelo ekhethekile - esontweni (Kirche) kungenziwa ngokuthi njengoba isakhiwo futhi umphakathi noma ibandla labantu ngaphandle Umbala zenkolo.

Isonto wokwakha kuhilela ezintathu izinhlobo izakhiwo: yesonto (Chapel), isonto kanye naleli thempeli. Chapel - isakhiwo esihlukile bakhelwe abanezidingo ezikhethekile. Church - isakhiwo main esifunda. Phakathi kwabo akukho umehluko yesonto - zonke emikhosini, amasiko, isakramente ezingase zibhekwe esontweni, futhi ebandleni.

Ingaphakathi isonto

Isonto, yakhiwa kuleli isitayela yendabuko, ihlukaniswe izingxenye, okuvame ukuhlotshiswa ngayo izindawo Christian yokukhulekela. Okwamanje, a division enjalo ekwakhiweni esontweni kungenzeka ukuthi ilahlekile. Idivayisi amabhilidi, noma yiziphi kokungavumelani akukwazi isithiyo insiza. Kuyini esontweni lamaLuthela? Ngokwesiko, isakhiwo inezingxenye eziningana:

• UMpheme - isikhala lapho izindawo asizayo zihlanganisa umtapo wezincwadi, indawo yokugezela, igumbi sigqoka, igumbi ukufika abasebenzi, njll Ngaphezu kompheme kwemibhoshongo ngokuvamile owawuba benzela belfries ...
• Choirs - isikhala ngaphezu komnyango, lapho kukhona umzimba.
• Nave - ingxenye eyinhloko isakhiwo ibandla. Kubo, kukhona amabhentshi ekhethekile noma izihlalo abavamile - akunandaba. Kodwa okuphambene altare ngesikhathi izindwendwe eziningi ngokusebenzisa-ndima.
• INgcwelengcwele I-Altare - isiko esontweni lamaLuthela, yena aguqulwa kuya empumalanga. Ngokuvamile kuba ekuphakameni lapho esiphambanweni noma kwesiphambano. Ngemuva kwe-altare ahlotshiswe imidwebo noma sibe namabala nengilazi amafasitela ngesihloko esithi iVangeli. Lokhu kungase kube isithombe bemvelo noma nje ewindini. Kirche - esontweni, indawo yokukhulekela. Ngakho-ke, ohlangothini lwe-altare elise epulpiti.

amagama Kirche

• Isonto kungenziwa elabizwa ngebizo besifunda, emgwaqweni noma edolobheni lapho likhona.
• Modern Lutheran isonto ngokuthi amagama imiqondo zobuKristu ezibalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, iSonto uMhlengi.
• amagama Memorial - e yamaLuthela akukho isikhungo kwabangcwele, ngakho iSonto ibizwa ngokuthi kumemori abaholi benkolo abaningana noma ababusi. Ngokwesibonelo, eSontweni LaseLuthela ka Louise (ikhumbule Queen of Prussia) e Kaliningrad.
• Kirche okuthwala igama zangaphambi beziNguquko. Ngokuvamile kuba umuntu obaluleke kakhulu eTestamente Elisha, noma amagama abangcwele. Ngokwesibonelo, eSontweni LaseLuthela St. Paul e-Odessa.
• Igama isonto, kuncike sokusebenzisana yobuhlanga of amalungu esonto. Ngokwesibonelo, isonto German.

Umsuka isikhulu seSonto LamaLuthela

Ngo-October 1517, i-monk Augustinian noprofesa uMartin Luther eyanyatheliswa 95 sokuphrinta. Ngakho kwaba khona lonke imfundiso, sihluke naletintfo of the Catholic Church. Yini ekuqaleni yayihloselwe izinguquko ekugcineni zaholela ekwakhekeni yesonto entsha.

Kirche ngomqondo yasekuqaleni - liwukuphela kwesakhiwo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi umphakathi wamakholwa. Ngemva kuqala inkathi yeziNguquko esontweni, e-Evangelical Lutheran Church (Lutheran Church) kwenzeka yonke indawo eJalimane, eSweden, eFinland, kusukela ngekhulu XVI. Kamuva Lutheran namandla enyakatho eJalimane, e Livonia. It iqala ukwakha okwandile izakhiwo ngenjongo yokukhulekela.

Ifa we zamaJalimane Order

I Kaliningrad ndawo kakhulu walondoloza Kirche sikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifa lokungapheleli lithi German babe German isonto ngaphambili kwesikhathi. Kule ndawo, ibandla laqala ukuvela ekhulwini XIII. Oda zamaJalimane e 1256 wasungula Kirche Shtayndamm ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu - Porkshen Kirche, e 1288 - Kirchen MENDELEYEVO MICRODISTRICT. Bangaphezu kuka-60 esontweni lamaKatolika, elakhiwe zamaJalimane Order, walondoloza manje endaweni ye Kaliningrad esifundeni.

ZamaJalimane Order futhi wabeka castle eKönigsberg. Isonto, umtapo, reception ihholo, castle umbhoshongo, indawo yokuhlala, amafulethi bobukhosi, oat Tower - izingxenye ingxenye ezozibonela ubuhle bayo bangaphambili. Igama le nqaba wanika igama lalowo muzi Kwakhiwani eduze izindonga enqabeni. Konigsbersky Castle - zokungcebeleka yonke indawo yedolobha lasendulo. Ngo-1967, isakhiwo esele okuvela kuyo le izindonga abangu yasha. Ubani sebenqume ukuyilungisa.

Ifa yaseMpumalanga Prussia

Kusukela ngekhulu lesi-XIV, lapho kumiswa amadolobha German endaweni yaseMpumalanga Prussia, kwaqala yonke indawo kanye nokwakhiwa amasonto obuKatolika. 120 Kirche liye lasinda kuze kube manje.

lombhishobhi

Eyokuqala yamaKatolika Cathedral lakhiwa 1380. Kancane kancane, isonto lombhishobhi kabusha futhi ngabe ngemvume nemidwebo ngaphakathi. Kirche - uyisizinda sayo ekuphileni lesifunda. Ngakho, ngesikhathi Cathedral Order sika waba yizinqamu 2: eyodwa Knights wathandaza nabanye - ebandleni.

Ngokushesha, eduze lombhishobhi wakhula isakhiwo inyuvesi, umtapo wezincwadi nge iqoqo eliyingqayizivele izincwadi nemibhalo yesandla. On nombhoshongo walo wabekwa iwashi yesiteleka, kamuva lombhishobhi wabuyiselwa futhi efakwe kwakhe ingxenye entsha ngokuphelele.

Namuhla emphakathini Kaliningrad Catholic incane. Ngakho-ke wanquma ukwenza kwaziwe lokho lombhishobhi uhlobo isikhungo-nasethempelini, lapho Bayothandaza kuwe eduze abameleli nokuvuma ezahlukene. Manje thempeli amasevisi zaphezulu wachitha amaProthestani, Orthodox namaKatolika. Hlela amakhonsathi kanye imincintiswano isitho and umculo classic.

Juditten Church

Juditten Church - lena cishe isakhiwo endala Kaliningrad, okungase londoloza. Unyaka ka ukwakhiwa - 1288. amasonto neziphawulekayo Catholic ukuthi sekungamakhulu eminyaka bezé lapha izixuku zabakhulekeli. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIV Yakhiwa belfry kanye nezikhencezo ngezinti ezimbili, ezenziwe nemidwebo egqamile futhi ocebile ngaphakathi esontweni ukubaza Prussian lasendulo - "Madonna enyangeni inhlendla", okuyinto udumo izimangaliso ezinkulu futhi zokuphulukisa.

Kirche uselokhu cishe yayinjalo ngemva kwempi, izakhamuzi German ngakho bafeza inkonzo kuze 1948. Kodwa lesi sakhiwo kahle libhujiswa abasuka eSoviet Union. Ekuqaleni 1980 ukuze kuvikelwe ekubhujisweni Luhambo, Kirche wabuya eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox. Manje nansi sowesifazane St Nicholas Monastery.

Izikhangibavakashi XIX-XX leminyaka

Lesi sakhiwo mlando elisentshonalanga - isonto Lutheran seNdlovukazi noLouise. Ukuze kuhlonishwe abasebukhosini yayakhiwe e 1899. Esikhathini 60s neziphathimandla kuhlelwe ukuthi lowo muntu adilize isakhiwo, kodwa wasinda, refitting isakhiwo yaseshashalazini unodoli.

Catholic Chapel of St Adalbert lakhiwa ngo-1904. Eminyakeni engu-30 kamuva kwathiwa exhunywe isakhiwo nge round amafasitela kanye kabusha i-altare. Chapel wathola isimo esontweni. Phakathi nempi, ingxenye unamathisele ilimele futhi sabhidlizwa, kwathi ngo-ingxenye endala isonto liye kuxazululwe inkampani zokufakelwa. Manje isakhiwo iyisonto sokuqondisa Research Institute.

isonto Sagrada Familia lakhiwa ngo-1907. Ngokusho umakhi, le kirk Catholic kwakufanele kube indlu umndeni ibandla, lapho wabusa umoya uthando lobuKristu. Kube yayiqhutshelwa kuphela rites ubhapathizo kanye lomshado. Phakathi esontweni IMpi Yezwe II ezilimele ngokuphelele futhi kancane kancane ubhujiswe. Ngo-1980, ngemva umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo eside Regional Philharmonic Society lavulwa kukhona. Setha isitho Czech nge 3600 amapayipi.

Catholic Lutheran Church of St Joseph eyasungulwa ngo-1931. Lesi sakhiwo saba amathathu phansi embhoshongweni nophahla okweqanda. Phakathi WWII isonto Lutheran uye wahlupheka kancane, futhi ngemva kwempi, wabe esefaka sesitimela Club. Ngo-1969 lesi sakhiwo kabusha wasibeka emafektri ukuthi zitholakala khona okwamanje.

Kirche, esebenza manje njengoba kuyisonto lobu-Orthodox

Ponarth Lutheran-Lutheran Church - liwukuphela kwesakhiwo esihle kunazo zonke isitayela Gothic. Yakhiwa ngo-1897, bangakunaki sokuphisa wendawo, izakhamuzi kuhulumeni uxhaso. umzimba esontweni lamaLuthela wanika weMajuda edolobheni. lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa kubiza cishe kabana ngesikhathi sempi. Ngemva kwempi, ne Spire yesonto isuswe, futhi egumbini yayisetshenziswa njengesikhungo yokubeka. Ngo-1991 isakhiwo wanikwa Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, futhi manje isisezweni sesonto lobu-Orthodox Ukuzalwa KukaKristu iNcasakazi eCwebileyo.

isonto Rosenau Lutheran sabekwa ngo-1914. Kodwa ngenxa yempi (Okokuqala Umhlaba) ukwakhiwa kwethempeli kwadingeka ukuba imiswe. Ngo-1926 kwakhiwa yesonto yaqedwa. Phakathi nesonto Okwesibili Umhlaba Lutheran cishe akazange ahlupheke futhi sasetshenziswa njengophawu izimpahla. engu-25 edlule isakhiwo wanikwa Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, futhi manje lapha lobu-Orthodox the Virgin oNgcwele.

Lutheran Church of the Cross Yakhiwa ngayingcwelisa ngo-1933. Phakathi nempi yena athola umonakalo omncane, futhi ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili lesi sakhiwo wayengumJuda esitolo. Ngo-1988, isakhiwo wanikwa Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, abazinikele e-1994, namuhla kuya kuba Orthodox Holy Cross Cathedral.

Indawo yokugcina yokukhulekela, okuyinto amaJalimane elakhiwa ngo eKönigsberg, kwaba iSonto LamaLuthela kaKristu. Bamakhela ke endaweni yokusebenza kungekho frills futhi ukulandisa okuhlotshisiwe nokusontiwe. Lesi sakhiwo yadalwa ngo-1937. Ibandla kungaba abantu 720 ngesikhathi. Ngemva kwempi, isakhiwo aguqulelwe House of Culture. Isakhiwo yadlulisela ROC, kodwa, ngokuvumelana abaphathi, kanti lapha nalaphaya eziyosebenza club.

Ekhona Lutheran futhi yamaKatolika amasonto

Manje Kaliningrad e iSonto LamaKatolika 2 ukufika: Umndeni oNgcwele, St Adalbert. Ezakhiweni zesonto kwakhiwa 1991 nango-1992. "Caritas West" Centre yamaKatolika wavula ngo 1992. Isebenza emzini negatsha Catholic College.

E-Evangelical Lutheran Church in edolobheni savuka kuphela ngo-1991. AmaLuthela ubuthe isakhiwo sesonto ku Prospekt Mira. Baphinde babe Provostry (wesifunda isonto) lapho umsebenzi obhalisiwe "Ukukhanya of the East".

Kuyini esontweni lamaLuthela? Kuze kweNkathi Yezinguquko, abantu esontweni lamaLuthela ngokuthi iSonto emazweni isiJalimane. Germany - okwazalelwa beziNguquko. Ngemva kokuba amaKatolika amaLuthela nabizelwa Kirche (isonto) isakhiwo lapho bona sibuthene ngenjongo yokukhulekela. manje Kirchen ibizwa ngokuthi iSonto LamaLuthela futhi isiJalimane. NgamaKatolika okufanayo, kuye ngezimo zezwe ngalinye, kungaba esontweni noma lesifunda. Ngokwesibonelo, ezakhamuzini Belarus, eCzech Republic, Poland, Slovakia iSonto LamaKatolika - kulelibandla.