Izwe lase-Arab Jordan - Umbuso waseJordani: incazelo

Umbuso waseJordanian (izwe lase-Arabhu laseJordani) yisimo saseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Yayisungulwa masinyane ngo-1946. Ngokusemthethweni, igama lombuso lizwakala njengeHashemite Kingdom yaseJordani. Nansi isimanga esisha sezwe - uPeter (idolobha lasendulo). Kukhona izinto eziyisikhombisa kuphela emhlabeni jikelele. Lezi zihlanganisa izakhiwo ezidumile zokwakha.

Incazelo emfushane

IJordani (izwe laseJordani) elahlekile empumalanga phakathi kwehlane, elihlala ngaphezu kwezingu-90% kwendawo yonke yombuso. Liya emkhawulweni osenyakatho neSiriya, kusukela enyakatho-empumalanga - ne-Iraq, kusukela entshonalanga - nePalestina, futhi kusukela eningizimu nasempumalanga - ne-Saudi Arabia. Etshonalanga izwe lihlanjwe uLwandle Olufile, eningizimu-ntshonalanga ngaseLwandle Olubomvu. Umngcele ophakathi kweJordani no-Israyeli ngu-r. Jordan. Indawo yombuso kuphela ngamamitha ayisigidi angu-92.3. I-Km, inhloko-dolobha - u-Amman. Endaweni ethintekayo yindawo engu-110 emhlabeni.

Ake sibheke indaba

Ngenxa yokucwaningwa kwemvelo kwafunyanwa ukuthi abantu bokuqala babehlala ensimini yeJordani (e-Jordan Valley) eminyakeni engama-250 000 edlule. Babeyi-Neanderthals ne-Homo sapiens yasendulo. Lokhu kuboniswa yizinsalela kanye namathuluzi atholakele. Esikhathini sasendulo, insimu yayiyinto yokuqala kumaGreki, bese eya eMbusweni wamaRoma. Ngalesi sikhathi, imizi yokuqala yaqala ukwakha - u-Amman, uPela, uDion, uJarash. Ephakathi, iJordan (izwe laseJordani) laliyingxenye ye- Arab Caliphate. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi ama-Islam atshalwe lapha. Kusukela ku-1517 kuya ku-1918 iminyaka. Wayengowombuso wase-Ottoman, futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 wathuthela e-UK. Ukuzimela kweJordane kwamukelwa ngo-1946 kuphela.

Izimo zomoya nezisusa

Iningi lensimu liphakathi kwemingcele yegwadule eligwadule elinamazinga aphakathi kuka 800-1000 m. Kunezintaba eziphansi nezintaba. Iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu elaseJordane (izwe laseJordani) ngu-Umm ed Dami (1,854 m). Ensimini yasendaweni kukhona into eyingqayizivele yendawo - indawo engaphansi kunazozonke emhlabeni - uLwandle Olufile (-465m).

I-Jordan lizwe elinesimo esishisayo nesomile. Ugwadule lunethonya elikhulu ekubunjweni kwalo. Ukumisa kungu-200 mm / g kuphela. Kuphela engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe, ngenxa yokusondela kweMedithera, isimo sezulu esinomswakama kanye nemvula ekwindla.

Abantu

Ubuningi bendawo abantu abayi-68 ngehora eli-1 km ² . Abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-9 bahlala eJordani. Kwabaningi ababaleki basePalestina, izwe lase-Arabhu laseJordani laba ikhaya. Abantu bavumela iJordani ukuba ithathe indawo engu-106 emhlabeni wonke.

Iningi elikhulu (95%) yi-Arabs. Kanti futhi ezweni lapho kukhona khona abaCascassians, ama-Armenia, amaKurds, amaTchchens. Ngokwenkolo, iningi lazakhamuzi amaSulumane (angaphezu kwama-90%), ama-6% amaKristu (ama-Orthodox, amaKatolika, nemiphakathi yamaProthestani). Okunye kungokwamanye amancane ezinkolo - Ismailis, Bahá'ís. Kukhona cishe akekho okholelwa kuNkulunkulu kuleli zwe.

Ulimi nezilawuli

Ulimi olusemthethweni lwaseJordani yi-Arabhu. Iqhuba umsebenzi wehhovisi, imibhalo, inyathelisa amaphephandaba, ikhuluma ngethelevishini nasomsakazweni. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi eside eMbusweni waseBrithani senza uphawu lwawo - leli zwe liphinde lisabalalisa ulimi lwesiNgisi, olufundwa ezikoleni.

IJordani (izwe laseJordani) umbuso lapho umbuso wama- dualism ungendlela kahulumeni . Inhloko yombuso yinkosi. Ungowesigungu esiphezulu, futhi umthetho unqunyelwe ephalamende. Njengamanje, iNkosi yaseJordani ngu-Abdullah II, indlalifa yombuso wamaKhamishit - inzalo eqondile yomprofethi Muhammad. Ungumphathi-inhloko.

Uhlu lokuphatha nokuthutha

Ngokwesigaba sokuphatha-indawo, iJordani ihlukaniswe ngezifunda ezingu-12 (umbusi). Ekhanda lesifunda ngasinye ngumbusi, ngubani oqokwe yinkosi. Izindawo, nazo, zihlukaniswe izifunda. Kuphelele kukhona abangu-52 eJordani.

Ukuthutha ezweni kuthuthukiswa. Akukude nenhloko-dolobha yikhumulo sezindiza esikhulu, umzila wesitimela ugijima endaweni, futhi amabhasi agijima phakathi kwamadolobha naphakathi kwawo.

Umnotho

Ngesikhathi sekhona, iJordane iye yabhekana nezinkinga eziningi zezomnotho. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-90, lapho kufika inkosi entsha, leli zwe laqalisa inkambo yokwenza izinguquko ezihlukahlukene kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila. Naphezu kokuthi kungokwesifunda saseMpumalanga Ephakathi, awekho amafutha kagesi namafutha. Isimo sezomnotho siphuthunyiswa nakakhulu ukungakwazi ukuthuthukisa ezolimo ngenxa yokungabi nalutho komhlaba. Emaminerali embusweni kunenqwaba yeziphophozi ze-phosphate, i-marble, i-limestone, i-dolomite nosawoti.

Ukuvakasha ezweni kukhula, kodwa ngokuhamba kancane. Abagibeli bayaphikiswa idumela lesifunda esingenakulinganiswa nesifundazwe - yilokho abezindaba bebeka khona isimo eJordani. Izwe lase-Arabhu laseJordani, okukhangayo kulo lonke izwe, kuyisiqondiso esithakazelisayo samaRussia. Ulwandle Olufile, idolobha lasendulo lasePetra, iSik Canyon, indawo yokubhapathizwa kukaKristu, amathempeli kaZeus no-Arthemisi avame ukuvakashelwa izivakashi.