Izitembu zokukhuluma nokubhala: izibonelo zamazwi ngesiRashiya

Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngomqondo onjalo wezinguquko njenge "chancellery." Izibonelo, izakhiwo eziyisisekelo nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa kwalesi sihloko solimi kuzohlolwa ngokuningiliziwe.

Ngolwimi lwesiRussia, ukubhalisa kubonakala kuqembu elinjalo lolimi njengezitembu zokukhuluma. Ngakho-ke, ake sibheke ekuqaleni ngokuthi hlobo luni lwesimo.

Yiziphi izitembu zokukhuluma

Ake siqale ngokucabangela amaphutha avamile kakhulu avunyelwe kokubili ngokubhala nangokuxhumana.

Izitembu kanye nobunikazi (izibonelo zazo ezizovela ngezansi) zihlobene kakhulu. Okubaluleke kakhulu, isichazamazwi esiyicabangayo senye yezinhlobo zama-cliche (leli gama lisho amagama namazwi asetshenziswa njalo, ngakho alahlekelwa incazelo). Ngakho-ke, imiklamo enjalo imane igcwalise inkulumo yesikhulumi futhi ibhekwe njengenhlawulo.

Izitembu ziyizwi nokujika, ngokuvamile kuvame ukusetshenziswa enkulumweni. Ngokujwayelekile izenzakalo ezinjalo zelulwimi azikho nhlobo. Isibonelo, inzuzo "umhlangano waba ezingeni eliphakeme" isetshenziselwa esikhundleni sokuletha umbiko oningiliziwe ngomcimbi.

Iyini i-chancellarisms ngesiRashiya? Izibonelo

IsiRashiya kunamagama amaningi, ukusetshenziswa okubheka ukuthi kufanelekile kuphela ngesitayela esithile senkulumo. Lawa magama abandakanya ukubhala. Leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kumagama, ukwakheka kwegrama kanye namafomu, kanye nenhlanganisela yegama, ukusetshenziswa okusekelwe olimini lokubhala ngesitayela sebhizinisi esisemthethweni. Isibonelo: ukuncenga, kubalulekile, imisebenzi engaqhubeki umgomo wenzuzo, ukulawula , njll.

Izimpawu zeCancellarism

Manje sichaza izimpawu zamagama anjalo bese sicabangela izibonelo.

Ama-chancellarisms angamazwi wesitayela esisemthethweni sebhizinisi, kodwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, anenqwaba yezibonakaliso zezilimi kuphela. Phakathi kwabo singakwazi ukuhlukanisa:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwamabizo okukhuluma: ukungabi namabonakude (ukugqekeza, ukuthungatha, ikhefu lokubuyisela); Ukuqhathanisa (ukuthatha, ukudalula, ukubhuqa, ukuthola).
• Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwesimiso sokuqamba amagama esiyingqayizivele somlomo olula (ukuhlukaniswa kwe-predicate). Isibonelo: bonisa isifiso - esikhundleni sokufuna, ukwenza isinqumo - esikhundleni sokunquma, ukusiza - esikhundleni sokusiza .
• Ukusetshenziswa kwama-pretexts amahle. Isibonelo: ngokuyingxenye, eduze komugqa, esebenzayo, ekhelini, kumongo, ensimini, ngokwezindleko, ngokwemibandela, esimweni, ezingeni .
• Ukuchotshozwa kwamacala, ngokuvamile okuyi-genitive. Isibonelo, izimo ezidingekayo zokukhulisa izinga lomasiko wabantu besifunda .
• Ukushintshwa kwezinguquko ezisebenzayo ngokungahambisani. Isibonelo, sakha inzuzo esebenzayo - senze isakhiwo esingahleliwe.

Kungani kungenakwenzeka ukuhlukumeza abafundisi bamahhovisi?

Ama-Chancellarisms nezitembu zokukhuluma (izibonelo ziqinisekisa lokhu), ngokuvamile zisetshenziswe enkulumweni, ziholele ekutheni zilahlekelwa isithombe, ukuveza, ukuphuza, ukuhluka komuntu siqu. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kuphazamiseka okulandelayo kuphakama:

• Ukuxuba izitayela. Isibonelo: emva kwemvula engenakuthola imvula, u-rainbow wakhanya ngaphezu kwamanzi kuyo yonke inkazimulo yayo .
• Ukungaqondakali ukuthi amagama okukhuluma ashukumisa. Isibonelo, inkulumo ethi "isitatimende soprofesa" ingaqondakala kokubili ngokuthi "abaprofesa bayagcizelela", futhi njengoba "uprofesa eqinisekisa".
• I-verbosity, ukulinganisa kwenkulumo. Isibonelo: ngezindleko zokuthuthukisa izinga lenkonzo, inzuzo ezitolo zezohwebo nezombuso kufanele zanda kakhulu.

I-Chancellery, izibonelo esizibonise zona, sinciphisa inkulumo yezithombe, ukuveza, ukukholisa. Ngoba zivame ukusetshenziselwa izinkulumo ngencazelo echasisiwe ye-lexical, ephazamisekile ukuveza.

Izintatheli ngokuvamile zijwayele ukusebenzisa izitembu. Ngakho-ke, esitayela sezintatheli, izinkulumo ezinjalo zihlangane ikakhulukazi kaningi.

Yimaphi amazwi athiwa abefundisi

Kubukeka bemvelo kuphela enkulumweni yebhizinisi, ebhalweni. Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa kwazo ziphakamisa ukuthi kaningi lawa magama asetshenziswa kwezinye izitayela zokukhuluma, okubhekwa njengephutha elibi kakhulu lobuncwane. Ukuze uvimbele iphutha elinjalo, udinga ukwazi kahle ukuthi yiziphi amagama ezibhekiswe kubhalisi.

Ngakho-ke, ama-chancellarisms angabonakaliswa ngu:

• Isimo se-Archaic: okubizwa ngokuthi, okushiwo ngenhla, ukukhokhisa, umnikazi walokhu, kumele, afune, anjalo.
• Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-chancellery ingabuye ibe isimiso: ukukhuluma ( ukuxoxa ), ukuzwa, ukuthutha, ukuphazamisa, okucacile, ukuthuthukiswa .
• Amabizo, awenziwe ngamagama, anikezwa umbala osemthethweni-webhizinisi ngezixhumi ezilandelayo: - u-,,, noma, -eni: ukuqaliswa, ukuthatha, ukuthola ; Ukungabi nalutho: ukungabikho , ukuphanga, ukuthunga, ukuqasha, ukuqapha ; Amazwi anama-prefixes ngaphansi kwe-, hhayi-: okungewona ukutholakala, okungewona ukubukeka, ukugcwaliseka kwangaphansi, okungenayo ukuvunyelwa.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagama amabizo, izinhlanganyelo, izandiso, izenzo-izigamagama nezichasiso kunesidingo esiqinile kumkhakha webhizinisi lokuxhumana. Isibonelo: iqembu, ikhasimende, iklayenti, inhloko, umnikazi, umuntu, umbiko, isisulu, ongenalutho, ophumayo, ngokushesha, ngokukhululekile, makube njalo .
• Umbala webhizinisi elisemthethweni ubhekwa ngamagama amaningana asemthethweni: ekhelini, ngezindleko, ngesisekelo njalonjalo. Isibonelo: ngokuvumelana nenkontileka, mayelana nokuqedwa kwesivumelwano, uma kunqatshelwe ukugcina isivumelwano, ngenxa yocwaningo ,
• Izinto ezinjalo zihlanganisa izinto ezilandelayo ezihlanganisiwe: imikhiqizo yokudla, i-ejensi yokuphoqelela umthetho, izimoto, isiteleka sezimali, ubudlelwane bomdabu.

Kuziphi izimo ezifanele ukusebenzisa igama elithi "clericalism"

Ama-chancellarisms (izibonelo zamagama esixoxile ngokuningiliziwe ngenhla), ngokwemithetho yolimi lokubhala, kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ngesitayela sebhizinisi esisemthethweni. Khona-ke lezi ziphendukile azivezi ngokumelene nesizinda sombhalo.

Leli gama elithi "ukubhala" lifanele ukusebenzisa kuphela ezimweni lapho amagama nemishwana enjalo isetshenziselwa isitayela somunye umuntu. Khona-ke inkulumo iba yinto engaqondakaliyo, imvelo esemthethweni, inqatshelwe ukuzwela, inkululeko, imvelo nokulula.

I-chancellarism njengedivayisi yesistimu

Kodwa hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi kubangelwa ukuhluleka kwenkulumo yokubhala. Izibonelo ezivela emisebenzini yobuciko bokubonisa ukuthi ngokuvamile lawo magama nemishwana asetshenziswa njengedivayisi yezakhiwo. Isibonelo, ngezici zokukhuluma zeqhawe.

Ngokuvamile abalobi basebenzisa ingcancellery ukuze benze umonakalo. Isibonelo, uZoshchenko, Chekhov, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Ilf noPetrov. Isibonelo, eSaltykov-Shchedrin - "... kunqatshelwe ukubeka iso, ukususa ikhanda, ukuluma ekhaleni"; E-Chekhov - "ukubulawa kwenzeka ngenxa yokugwinya."

Ama-Chancellarisms (izibonelo zamagama esiwahlolisisile ngokuningiliziwe) eRussia zafika kakhulu kunesikhathi sokudangala, lapho zifaka zonke izingxenye zokukhuluma, kufaka phakathi ngisho nosuku zonke. Lesi sibonelo siphinde siqiniseke ukuthi ulimi lubonakalisa zonke izinguquko ezenzeka ezweni nasemphakathini.