Izinhlamvu Arabhu: izici emibhalweni yabo. I-Arabic alfabhethi

Ngokungafani iningi yezilimi ezikhulunywa emhlabeni, izinhlamvu Arabhu ezilotshwe 'iskripthi ", yokuxhuma izwi komunye nomunye. Akunandaba, umbhalo olotshiwe ngesandla noma ngomshini. Esinye isici lapho akazange asheshe ukujwayela aqala ukufunda ulimi Arabic - ukubhala umbhalo kusuka kwesokudla kuya kwesokunxele. Ake sibheke izici lokubhala kanye nokubhalwa izinhlamvu ulimi Arabic.

Jikelele Izimiso ulimi Arabic

Kuphela Qur'an, kodwa futhi ezesayensi, zezingane nezincwadi zokufundisa ibhalwa onkamisa, kwezinye izimo, amagama sasibhalwa ngaphandle konkamisa. Yingakho lapho ebhalela Ukulotshwa Arabhu umbhalo elihunyushwe nezilotshwe ukuze libizwa. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ubhala umbhalo ku emagama nemisho yethulwe ucule.

Lapho ubhala umbhalo nge onkamisa zivame kakhulu ezisetshenziswa Damm, Fatah kanye kyasra (izimpawu unkamisa), Shaddaa (ukubuyelela kabili uphawu) kanye tanvin (ezingavamile kakhulu futhi nunation uphawu).

Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ubone kulesi sukun umbhalo (uphawu ukungabi unkamisa) kanye Wasley (ukungabi glottal stop uphawu) kanye Hamza (ehlukanisa onkamisa ababili komunye nomunye).

Izici umbhalo

Ukuba khona umsindo unique (pharyngeal, bakhulume ngokugcizelela, phakathi kwamazinyo aso), okuyinto bengekho ngezilimi kakhulu European, izinkinga kakhulu umsebenzi umuntu esizama ukuhumusha izincwadi Arabhu e umbhalo. Phela, leli umsindo ukudlula emhlabeni.

Namuhla, kunamabandla amabili izinhlobo umbhalo. Isayensi - ne yokubiza olunembile kakhulu, kanye nama-practical, okuvumela sokucaba- ukulibiza izinhlamvu Arabhu. Elisha, noma kunalokho, ukuguqulwa kwenziwa ngosizo izinhlamvu isiRashiya futhi zamagama Latin. I umbhalo edume kunazo zonke, kokubili ezingokoqobo futhi ezesayensi, kuye kwakhiwa futhi Arabists Krachkovsky Yushmanova.

alfabhethi

Yena uvela abaseFenike-Arabhu zamagama. Kuhlanganisa hhayi kuphela zonke izinhlamvu zabo, kodwa futhi ihluzo ethize kuya imisindvo yelulwimi. Yizo lezi zincwadi Arabhu ngokuthi "sa" (efana ezithambile interdental th ngesiNgisi), "ha" (exhaling umsindo elifana eyenza inja ne ukuphefumula), "nanjengoZalmuna" (ukushaya umsindo ukuthi uthola uma ubeka ichopho ulimi phakathi namazinyo bese uthi "sa"), "DAP" (uthola uma athi umsindo "e" futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthatha ulimi yakho emuva emhlathini kancane) "i" (umsindo ozwakalayo like "s", kodwa uphinyiswa lapho kukhishwa nolimi nokususa okulula umhlathi ongezansi), "Gagne" (ezifanayo umsindo grassiruyuschee "r" French).

Kuhle kokusho ukuthi zonke izinhlamvu zamagama Arabic zingongwaqa. umbhalo ongenhla Special noma umbhalo ongezansi-unkamisa isetshenziswa selisho onkamisa, amelela imisindo "futhi", "y" futhi "a".

Kodwa uma ulalele inkulumo yomuntu okhuluma Arabhu, ke ngezwa ezinye onkamisa. Lokhu kungenxa okuhlukile lapho uphimisela amagama ngaphakathi umsindo ungwaqa. Kuye ungwaqa ukungena ngemvume ucule kungase kuzwakale "e" (ezimweni eziningi), kanye amaqoqo ezinhlamvu, diphthongs nongwaqa nge uzuza okuqinile "o" -shaped umsindo. Nge isibonakaliso "sukun" ke ikhulumelani nangomsindo enamandla "e".

Ukungena ngemvume ucule "futhi" lingahunyushwa ngezindlela uguqulwe ube "s" ngongwaqa kanzima, kodwa ucule "y" azivamile eshintsha umsindo walo kuya komunye ngesi-Arabhu-classic, kodwa kwezinye izilimi zezigodi wathola kwathatha umsindo "o".

Bangaki sezinhlamvu zama-alfabhethi Arabic? Ziyakwazi 28 futhi wonke ngokuhambisana (- "Alif" sokwehlukile uhlamvu lokuqala nolokugcina ezinhlamvwini zolimi). Enye incwadi uhlale ifaniswe ephilile. Ngokwesibonelo, incwadi "ba" (wesibili e zamagama) uphinyiswa njengoba umsindo onzima "b" egameni elithi "izimvu", kodwa ekupheleni igama neze ethukile (oki Russian liphinyiselwe ngokuthi "dup", lokhu ngeke kwenzeke ngolimi Arabhu).

ngokubhala Izici

izinhlamvu Arabhu ziziphilela kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokubhala, ikakhulukazi Wabasaqalayo. By endleleni, "ligature" lisetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ama-Arabhu, kodwa futhi abanye abantu Turkic, kanye nabantu abakhuluma Pashto noma Urdu. Ukubhala esokuba kwesokudla kuya kwesokunxele.

kakhulu Inqubo yokubhala simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

1. Okokuqala kulotshiwe ukuthi ingxenye izinhlamvu akudingeki Dabula uma ubhala ngepeni kusukela ephepheni.
2. Okulandelayo, engeza izingxenye ezifakwe encwadini uhlelo, kodwa ukubhala kubo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka akusebenzi. Lezi zihlanganisa imigqa iphuzu, mpo futhi etshekile.
3. Uma kudingeka, lihlela unkamisa.

Ngokusobala ukubhala incwadi ngayinye incike isikhundla salo izwi. izinhlamvu Arabhu ngokuvamile aba izinhlobo ezine ubuso (ezimele, ekuqaleni noma ekugcineni kwegama, imidiyeni). Ukukhethwa osebenza izincwadi 6 kuphela: "Alif", okuyinto njalo ebhaliwe ngokwehlukana, futhi "ibanga", "nanjengoZalmuna", "RA", "Zain" futhi "vav", okuyinto ayixhunyiwe ne uphawu elandelayo ngemuva kwabo.

Isikhathi esining impela, abantu abaningi abaqala ukufunda Arabhu, ukufunda izwi e kwamaletha. Lona iphutha main. Ukuphimisela ngendlela efanele amagama Arabic kufanele kuqale ukufunda izinhlamvu zamagama futhi indlela efanele yokubiza amagama sencwadi ngayinye. ezinhle ukuba bafunde izinhlamvu kuphela, ungakwazi udlulele ngokuphelele ukuphinyiselwa okufanele kwamagama nokwakhiwa imisho.