Izindonga eziphucuziwe ezenziwe nge-plaster: ukwakheka, ubuchwepheshe

I-plaster ihlotshaniswa nezinhlobo ezilula kakhulu zokuqedela izinto, ezingabizi futhi ezilula ukusebenzisa. Inqubo yokubheka ehambisana ne-plaster yokugqoka ibonakala ngokuhambisana kwayo, okuyivumela ukuba isetshenziswe kokubili imisebenzi yokulungisa nokusebenza ekhaya. Noma kunjalo, izidingo zokuqedela ziqhubeka zikhula njalo, zithinta izici zobuchwepheshe nezokuhleka komhlobiso wezindonga. Ngakho-ke, emakethe kaningi kutholakala izinhlanganisela ezakhiwe ngabanye izithako. Ngakho-ke kwakukhona ne-plaster ephuthumayo, ephikisana nesizinda esivamile hhayi nje kuphela ngokubunjwa, kodwa nangendlela yokubeka.

Iyini inzuzo ye-plaster eyenziwe ngcono?

Ezimweni eziningi, futhi i-plaster elula, uma ihlinzeka ngekhwalithi ephezulu, isebenza ngokugcwele isikhathi sayo. Noma kunjalo, izingqungquthela ezithuthukisiwe zenza kube lula ukuqeda izinkinga eziningi zobuchwepheshe nezomzimba zezixazululo ezivamile. Okokuqala, lokhu kuzinzile, okusho ukuthi kunomkhawulo ophezulu wokubekezelelana kwesakhiwo ekwakhiweni kwemikhakha emincane, ukuvalwa kwesibindi, amathuba amaningi okuqinisa iminyango, nokungabi khona kwezinqubo ezilimazayo ekuthintaneni nomswakama. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bendawo yokugcoba ngcono kugxile ekulondolozeni ukugqoka ezimweni ezikhethekile zokusetshenziswa. Kuye kwaphawula ukuthi izinsimbi ezinjalo azizesabi uketshezi, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi noma yisiphi isisombululo esithuthukisiwe singasetshenziswa ekhishini nasendlini yokugezela. Ngemisebenzi enjalo, kunezingxube ezikhethekile eziguquliwe ezihlobene nokuthuthukiswa. Ukuguqulwa kwendawo yonke ukuphikiswa komlilo. Ngokuphathelene ne-plaster ejwayelekile, leyo mixube inesikhathi eside sokugcinwa kwesakhiwo ngaphansi kokuchayeka okufudumele okungekho emthethweni futhi ingenzi isandla ekusabalaleni komlilo.

Ukwakhiwa kwezingxube ezithuthukisiwe

Okokuqala, kufanelekile ukuphawula ukuthi ama-plasters ezenziwe ngeziqephu zendabuko ngaphandle kokuguqula amakholi abizwa ngokuthi ama-plaster athuthukile. Izingxenye ezintathu kuphela ezisetshenziselwa ukulungiselela imifino enjalo - isanti, amanzi kanye nesimenti. Futhi zibizwa ngokuthi zithuthukiswe kuphela ngenxa yezobuchwepheshe obukhethekile, okuzoxoxwa ngezansi. Ukwakhiwa kwe-normative we-plaster okuthuthukisiwe kudinga ukwethulwa kwe-PVA glue, okusebenza njengento eyengeziwe phakathi kwesisekelo se-samente nesihlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye eziyisisekelo kufanele zibe nezinga eliphezulu. Isihlabathi esifanelekile, isibonelo, sisuswa emhlabathini, futhi singasetshenziselwa imifula. Ukhetho lwesibili lungabizi, kepha ukubunjwa okwenziwe ngcono kulokhu akutholakali. Futhi, i-samente akufanele ibe sezindlini ezibandayo nezomanzi, kodwa eyomile futhi ilungele ukusetshenziswa - kutuswa ukusebenzisa i- portland samente M400 noma i-M500.

Ukulungiselela ikhambi

Kukhona nezici ezikhethekile ohlelweni lokulungiselela isisombululo. Ngakho-ke, uma izingxube ezilula zilungiswa zisebenzisa izingxenye ezine zesihlabathi ngalunye ingxenye yesimente, bese kuzixazululo ezithuthukisiwe isilinganiso sizoba ngu-3: 1. Ukwanda kwenani lezingxenye zesihlabathi, noma kunjalo, kuvunyelwe uma useza ngokushesha ukuxazulula isixazululo . I-Glue PVA kufanele isetshenziswe ngesilinganiso sama-200 amagremu ngamalitha angu-20 amanzi. Ngokubunjwa kwesisombululo samanzi, kufanele uqale ukupheka ngokuyixuba ngokugcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-substrate eyomile ngesamente nesihlabathi sesivele isetshenzisiwe. Ngemuva kokuxubana ngokugcwele nomxube wokuklama, i-plaster ephucukisiwe enezici eziphakeme nokuqina kwe-ductility kufanele itholakale. Ngandlela-thile kuzofana ne-rubber encibilikisiwe, kodwa ngemuva kokumiswa, lo mphumela uzodlula futhi uhlale ungumgqobo oqinile onesakhiwo esiqinile.

Izici zezingxenye ze-gypsum

Enye yezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlanganiswa kwe- plaster ezithuthukisiwe , etholakala ngokushintsha isethi eyisisekelo sezingxenye. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, lokhu kutholakala ngokusungulwa kwe-gypsum. Okokuqala, inqubo echazwe kakade yokwakha isisombululo seglue yenziwa, emva kwalokho i-gypsum yengezwe engxenyeni eyomile yesihlabathi nesamente. Umthamo walesi sithako ungahluka, kodwa kunoma yikuphi okulandelayo umthetho olandelayo ugcinwe: ubukhulu be-gypsum filler buyena esikhundleni sezingxenye zesimenti esisodwa kuphela, kodwa hhayi isihlabathi. Lokhu kungukuthi, ama-20-30% angasuswa ngaphandle kwesabelo esivamile samamenti, ukukhokhela ukungabi khona kwephasa. Uma uhlela ukwenza ipulazi ethuthukisiwe ngezindleko eziphansi, kodwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhethekile kwekhwalithi, khona-ke lokhu kuhlanganiswa kungasetshenziswa. I-Gypsum isebenzelana kahle ne-PVA, ngakho ukuthuthwa kwesimali ngeke kubonakale ngokwezimfanelo zobuchwepheshe bokugqoka, njengalezi zixazululo ezijwayelekile.

Umsebenzi wokulungiselela ngaphambi kwesicelo

Faka isicelo sodaka kuphela ezindaweni eziqinile, izisekelo ezingenazo izindawo ezibhubhisayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuba uqale ukucubungula ukuguqa okudlulile noma ukugqoka okubuthakathaka, izimbali nezendlalelo zemibala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphambuka okwangaphakathi, okungukuthi, imigodi ihlolwe. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi indawo yokukhomba ayinayo ukuphambana okukhulu kune-2 mm ukuphakama. Isinyathelo sokuphoqelelwa ekulungiseleleni sisakaza. Lolu uhlobo lwe-priming indlela yesayithi, lapho kuzosetshenziswa khona i-plaster engcono nge-adhesive base. Isixazululo se-spray siyilungiswa kusuka ensikeni namanzi. Eqinisweni, ngamanzi asosi, okumele akhanyiswe kalula ngendawo yokusebenza ngaphambi kokubeka i-plaster. Kule nkinga i-spray akufanele ishiye izindawo ezomile zomile. Kubalulekile ukugcwalisa imifantu emincane kanye nezimbobo, ngakho-ke ukutholakala kwezimo ezinjalo evulekile kungadala ingozi ekubhujisweni kwengubo entsha.

Iyunithi ye-plaster eyithuthukisiwe

Ukufakwa kwe-stacking kubonakala ngezigaba ezimbili - ngokwenza isisekelo nesembozo. I-substrate isetshenziswa njenge-primer. Ukusebenzisa ubukhulu, ungasebenzisa umbuthano wesigamu, wenze izinyathelo eziyindilinga ezingeni lika-degrees angu-150 ngokuphathelene nomsebenzi osebenzayo. Ubuningi besembatho esiyisisekelo ngu-15-20 mm. Ngokuqondene nesembozo, ngaleyo ndlela kungumkhawulo wokugcina, lapho ukusebenza khona okuqondile kubaluleke kakhulu. Lo ungqimba uzoba nobude obungaba ngu-10 mm, okungukuthi, ubungqimba be-plaster obuphuthumayo buzoba yi-25-30 mm. Ukusetshenziswa kwesembatho kwenziwa nge-grater, brush noma i-poluterkom. Umthwalo ophezulu walesi sigaba kungenxa yokuthi umculi uzokwazi ukwenza ngesikhathi futhi abambe iqhaza lezinga lokugqoka. Ngalesi sizathu, iloli lokutholwa kwe-pneumatic lingasetshenziswa - ithuluzi elixhunyanisiwe lokuhleleka kwezinga eliphezulu lezingxube.

Lapho kuphakanyiswa khona ukusebenzisa ipulazi elithuthukisiwe?

Isithuthukisi esithuthukisiwe se-plaster nazo zonke izinzuzo sinemikhawulo eminingi ekusetshenzisweni. Okokuqala, ingxube iyabiza kakhulu ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezingxenye eziphezulu nezokufakwa kwesithako esingenayo, hhayi ukushicilela ama-modifiers angasiza. Okwesibili, ukuba khona kwe-PVA glue, ngaphezu komphumela omuhle, kunika nomthelela omuhle - ukuhleleka kobuhle bokwakheka kwehla, okuyisivimbela ekusetshenzisweni kwezixazululo ekamelweni labantwana, ezindlini zokulala, njll. Ngakho-ke, abaphathi bezindlu ezijwayelekile bangancoma ukuthi kuhlanganiswe lezi zingxube zokuhlobisa kwangaphandle. Okukhethwa kukho okuzokwenza kube ngcono izindonga ze-plaster zesonto. Izici zokusebenza zokwakhiwa kuzokuvikela indlu emathonyeni wezulu, futhi zivikela isisekelo sombuso wezitini noma ukhonkolo kusuka ekulimaleni komshini.

Isiphetho

Njengoba kungabonakala, izixube ezinjalo zingathuthukiswa kuphela nokubhuka okunye. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo mayelana nokuguqula lolu hlobo lokuqeda, kubalulekile ukucabanga ukuthi kungani kungenakwenzeka ukusebenzisa izingubo ezijwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-plaster ethuthukile ngomqondo obanzi ingabuye ibe nezixazululo ezithuthukisiwe engxenyeni yesisekelo sezingxenye. Ukuthuthukisa lezi zakhiwo noma ezinye izakhiwo zokusebenza, ungasebenzisa ezinye izithako zemvelo. Abafaki bezinsimbi, ikakhulukazi, bazama njalo ukufaka i-lime efanayo ne-gypsum ngokulingana okuhlukile.