Izindlela ndaba: lutho, inkambu ngokomzimba, cleaner ngokomzimba. Umqondo ndaba

Isici esiyinhloko Ukutadisha oluningi natural sciences kuyindaba. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola umqondo, zezindwangu, ukuma izakhiwo ukuhamba kwayo.

Kuyini ndaba?

Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka, umqondo ndaba ushintsho futhi sithuthukise. Ngakho, isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki u lasendulo uPlato bekubona njengendlela Iyisisekelo izinto, okuphikisana umbono wabo. Aristotle wathi ukuthi yinto yaphakade, okungakwazi ukudalwa noma ubhujiswe. Kamuva zefilosofi Democritus futhi Leucippus banikelwe ihlathululo ndaba njengoba uhlobo izinto eziyisisekelo zazo zonke izindikimba umhlaba wethu kanye endaweni yonke.

Umqondo yesimanje kwendaba unikezwa V I. Lenin, owawuthi kuba wodwana nezizimele inhloso, esashiwo Umbono womuntu, emizweni, kungase futhi kuphinde izithombe.

ndaba izimfanelo

I izici eziyinhloko we ezibonakalayo izici ezintathu:

• Isikhala.
• Isikhathi.
• Movement.

Okokuqala okubili kuyizici ezahlukene metrological, okusho ukuthi kungenziwa quantified amadivayisi ezikhethekile. Isikhala kukalwa ngamamitha, futhi amagugu nemikhiqizo yalo, kanye isikhathi amahora, imizuzu, imizuzwana, futhi izinsuku, izinyanga neminyaka engu-, njll Ngesikhathi Kukhona nezinye, hhayi impahla ezingabalulekile kangako - .. Irreversibility. Awukwazi ukubuyela emuva kunoma yokuqalisa ngesikhathi, ngesikhathi Vector uhlale eyodwa emaceleni bese ihamba kusukela esikhathini esidlule kuze kube ngokuzayo. Ngokungafani isikhathi, isikhala - umqondo kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi has a nesilinganiso ngakuthathu (ukuphakama, ubude, ububanzi). Ngakho, zonke izinhlobo ndaba Ungahambisa emkhathini isikhathi esithile.

Amafomu motion

Konke elisizungezile ihamba emkhathini futhi nihlanganyele. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela kwenzeka ngokuqhubekayo futhi kuyinto impahla enkulu emimoya zonke izinhlobo ndaba. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, le nqubo ingathatha indawo, hhayi nje phakathi izinto eziningana, kodwa futhi ngaphakathi impahla ngokwayo, okubangela ukuguqulwa yayo. Kukhona amafomu alandelayo motion:

• Mechanical - lokhu ukunyakaza lezinto emkhathini (ama-apula niwe esihlahleni, egijima hare).

• Physical - kwenzeka lapho indikimba eshintsha izici zayo (isib isimo ngokomzimba). Izibonelo: iqhwa Udambisa, vaporizes amanzi etc ...
• Amakhemikhali - ukuguqulwa ukwakheka amakhemikhali impahla (ukugqwala metal, namachibi glucose)
• Eziphilayo - kwenzeka ezintweni eziphilayo futhi ephawula vegetative ukukhula, umzimba, ukukhiqizwa kabusha nabanye.

• ifomu Social - izinqubo ukuxhumana nomphakathi: zokuxhumana, eqhuba imihlangano ukhetho nokunye ..
• Geological - ephawula motion daba ungqimba lomhlaba futhi ingaphakathi iplanethi: nengaphakathi nesiphuku.

Zonke izinhlobo ngaphezulu ndaba zihlobene kakhulu, aphelele kanye esetshenziswe khona womabili. Abakwazi khona ngokuzimela futhi siyaludinga.

izakhiwo ndaba

isayensi zasendulo nezanamuhla kuthiwa kubangelwa izindawo eziningi ndaba. Okuvame kakhulu kanti kusobala - ukunyakaza, kodwa kunezinye izindawo jikelele:

• Yena uncreatable futhi okungenakubhubhiseka. Le mpahla kusho ukuthi noma iyiphi inhlangano noma izidakamizwa isikhathi esithile, khona eba, angabe esaba khona njengesizwe into yokuqala, kodwa le ndaba akusho uyayeka futhi umane siguqulelwa nezinye izinhlobo.
• Kuyinto angunaphakade akunamkhawulo isikhala.
• ukunyakaza njalo, izinguquko, ukuguqulwa.
• Selanqunywa, ukuthembela ezintweni odala nezimbangela. Le mpahla uhlobo incazelo umsuka ndaba ngenxa zezenzakalo ezikule ncwadi.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu ndaba

Izazi zanamuhla ezikhonjwe izinhlobo ezintathu eyisisekelo ndaba:

• Into kokuba mass ethize lapho esephumule, kuyinto owande kakhulu. Lingase libe izinhlayiya, ama-molecule athomu, futhi compounds zabo, okuyinto bakha umzimba wenyama.
• ensimini Physical - into impahla ekhethekile, esiklanyelwe isikhombi izinto (izinto).
• cleaner Physical - konemimoya impahla kanye aphansi amandla ezingeni.

Ngokulandelayo, ukubukeka enemininingwane kulelo nalelo kwezinhlobo.

ikhemikhali

Ingqikithi - uhlobo daba, isici esiyinhloko okuyinto leyehlukene, okungukuthi discontinuous, elinganiselwe. isakhiwo sayo siqukethe izinhlayiya ezincane kunazo ngesimo proton, ama-electron, futhi neutrons ehlanganisa athomu. Athomu e-molecule zihlangene ukwakha into yena, yakha umzimba wenyama noma izidakamizwa flowable.

Noma yini esaluketshezi possesses eziningi izici ngamunye lihlukaniswe abanye, abantu abaningi, ukuminyana, ukuvala abacaphuni futhi ukuma, isakhiwo crystal ngehele. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, izinto ezihlukahlukene ingajoyinwa futhi kuxutshwe. Emvelweni ziseZwini ezintathu zithi wokuhlanganisa: okuqinile, uketshezi futhi gaseous. Kuleli zinga ethile ngokomzimba oluhambisana nesimo okuqukethwe kuphela ayinto namandla nokuxhumana yamangqamuzana, kodwa kuyinto isici ngabanye. Kanjalo, amanzi ngaphansi kwamazinga ahlukahlukene okushisa futhi ingathatha ewuketshezi futhi okuqinile futhi gaseous.

ensimini ngokomzimba

Izinhlobo zihlanganisa izinto esizibonayo futhi isakhi ezifana emkhakheni ngokomzimba. Kuyinto uhlobo uhlelo lapho izidumbu impahla basebenzisane. Inkambu akuyona lehlukile kodwa kunalokho isithwali izakhiwo ezithile izinhlayiya zayo engimbumbile. Ngakho, i-pulse yakhululwa eyodwa kuyizinhlayiyana, kodwa hhayi matasa nezinye, kuba nesisekeli yasendle.

Amasimu Physical - izinhlobo real angaphatheki kwendaba banezimfanelo impahla phambili. Abakwazi oluthathwa ngokuvumelana nezimfuno ezahlukene:

1. Kuye icala ensimini we-zihlukaniswa: Amasimu kagesi, kazibuthe kanye adonsela phansi.
2. Ngu ubunjalo ukunyakaza icala: ensimini ashukumisayo, kwezibalo (iqukethe isihlobo eqondile yokuhlala athumele nomunye izinhlayiya icala).
3. Ngu uhlobo ngokomzimba: macro- futhi microfield (ukunyakaza wadala izinhlayiya ngabanye icala).
4. Kuye khona medium: yangaphandle (ozungezayo izinhlayiya icala), ngaphakathi (emkhakheni ngaphakathi impahla), ongowamambala (inani izinkambu ngaphakathi nangaphandle).

I cleaner ngokomzimba

Ngo XX leminyaka in physics njengoba ukusilela phakathi materialists futhi idealists ukuchaza izenzakalo ezithile sengathi elithi "cleaner ngokomzimba". Eyokuqala uyasho kuye ephethe izakhiwo ezibonakalayo, kanti isixuku esikhulu umangalele ukuthi a cleaner - akulutho kodwa wokulahlekelwa. physics Modern usephikile ukwahlulelwa idealists kanye kwafakazela ukuthi cleaner - kuba imvelo impahla, futhi elika quantum ensimini. Isibalo izinhlayiya kuwo ilingana kuqanda, Nokho, okuyinto, akuvimbeli okuvela kuyizinhlayiyana esifushane izigaba eziphakathi. Imfundiso quantum ye ngokomzimba cleaner energy level evamile lithathwe njengomenzi ubuncane, ie-zero. Nokho, Ucwaningo wafakazela ukuthi amandla emkhakheni kungaba amacala kokubili ezimbi futhi omuhle. Kukhona umbono wokuthi kwavela yonke ngokoMthetho cleaner ngokomzimba ujabule.

Awukabi wafunda ngokugcwele isakhiwo cleaner ngokomzimba, nakuba eyaziwa ngokuba abaningi izakhiwo zalo. Ngokusho imbobo Dirac theory, emkhakheni quantum siqukethe ezihambayo izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya nge icala elifanayo, ukwakheka uhlala akucacile ngokwabo amaqoqo Quanta okuyinto sishukumiseleka ngesimo wave ukusakaza.