Izikhangibavakashi Afghanistan: incazelo kanye nezithombe

Yini ukubona e-Afghanistan, ezweni enomlando wasendulo, eyaqala kusukela phansi uMbuso WasePheresiya? Ezinye ezikhangayo yamasiko isimo oshiwo kuso izincwadi zomlando kusukela ngalezo zikhathi. Kodwa izingxabano eziningi sewenze lizwe ezingaqinisekile kuleli vnutrennepoliticheskom nenhlonipho, futhi zibulale nakumasiko. Mozhestvo Afghanistan nokuzwa yabuyiselwa. Namuhla avulekele umphakathi. Cabanga Afghanistan izivakashi ukubuyekezwa.

gadi Babur

Omunye izinto edume kakhulu Afghanistan kuchazwa nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu le-16 futhi itholakala inhlokodolobha ezine sesigidi Afghanistan - Kabul. Babur izingadi yayakhiwa ethuneni kombusi omkhulu Babur, okwakuthiwa uyise ekusungulweni lwamakhosi, le Mughals. Garden kuyinto mbhoshongo 15 masimu. Ithuna itholakala endaweni evulekile phezu ithala 14. Wenziwe eyenziwe ngemabula, izindonga kwalo.

Ekhulwini lama-20 Babur Gardens kabi eshayiwe, kodwa 2002 waba unyaka kabusha. Afghan Ministry of Culture, esekelwe umsebenzi we-British eyisosha umculi Charlza Messona, ukusebenza izincazelo zakhe futhi oluhambisana kwekhulu le-19. 1842 baletha ukubhujiswa kokuzamazama komhlaba, engadini wakwazi ukubuyela, kodwa kabusha ukuze ukunambitheka umbusi Amir Abdurrahman Khan. Ngenxa yalokho, engadini baba kakhulu sihluke isithombe sokuqala: ezakhiwa Palace of the Queen kanye inkundla emaphakathi.

Impi ye-1979-1989 kubange ukulimala omkhulu epaki: izakhiwo eziningi kwabhujiswa, futhi bagawula imithi. Muva nje, ngo-2011, i-Gardens of Babur zalungiswa ziphenduka epaki lomphakathi.

Balkh

Idolobha Balkh, yena Wazirabad, kubhekwe elinye lamadolobha omkhulu kunayo yonke futhi eminingi yasendulo zezwe lasendulo. ukuba kwaleli dolobha sendaweni sisihle kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezwe lonke. Esikhundleni itshe ehlane futhi izintaba welulele nsimu evundile. Wazirabad kuyinto emzini wokuqala u-wasungula Indo-Aryans. Ekhulwini leminyaka yasendulo Balkh bakhanya amathempeli kanye Buddhist zezindela. Kakade ngesikhathi ukuchuma edolobheni Silk Road yayinabantu zabantu 1 million.

Naphezu kuphangwa-Arabhu V-VI eminyaka AD, Timur futhi moguls, Marco Polo wakhuluma naye ngokuthi 'omkhulu lifanele edolobheni. " XVI-XIX eminyaka. leli dolobha labhekana kusukela izimpi phakathi kwamazwe amathathu: yasePheresiya, Afghanistan, futhi eBukhara Khanate. Kodwa emlandweni edolobheni, kwakungelona asekugcineni kwekhasi laleso empini. Izakhiwo ekhulwini lama-20 washiya kusukela endulo, kuphela mosque futhi ingxenye izindonga inqaba yedolobha.

minaret ka Jam

Enye indawo ezithakazelisayo Afghanistan ubhekwa imitha-65 minaret. Kuvele iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukungabi endaweni engaba amakhilomitha amaningana nemizana ezinkulu. Sokwakha ibhilidi ukwazi gurdskomu Giyazov Sultan-al-Din, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-12. Lesi sakhiwo lalibonisa uzowanqoba Ghaznavids. Basic impahla - wokushiswa isitini, okuyinto walondoloza ngokuphelele imidwebo futhi amavesi ngobunyoninco phezu minaret kuze kube namuhla.

Beka phambili version ukuthi minaret - kuphela isakhiwo omuzi wasendulo, leseyifinyelele izinsuku zethu. City, uzakuthathwa ziqhuba igama "Blue City" futhi labhujiswa amabutho amaMongol ngaphansi uGenghis Khan engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-13. Njengoba indawo ukhohlwe cishe 700 iminyaka leli dolobha. It ephethwe ukubuyisela ulwazi isazi sokuma komhlaba esiphambili British Thomas Holdichu.

Nokho, ngokuvumelana ucwaningo lwamuva, ungakwazi ukuphika ukuthi ukhona version ingxenye yomuzi. Izithombe eziphuma Isikhala ekutadisheni sezwe ephambene. Insimu ingahlalisekanga futhi kunzima ukufinyelela ngenxa yesimo Geological futhi ayikwazanga ukusekela idolobha ezigodlo namathuna amathempeli. Ngo-43 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka benziwa izithombe lokuqala minaret ka Jam, futhi ngemva konyaka - elilotshiwe izihloko zomlando kuqala. I minaret sasitholakala njengoba UNESCO Site ngo-2002.

Hindu Kush ezintabeni

Ungabona zokungcebeleka eziningi Afghanistan ufanekiselwa lwemibhalo ahlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ezintabeni zakwa-Hindu Kush. Ziyakwazi idume ukufinyelela parallel izintaba, lafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha phezu 7,500. Izakhamuzi amadolobhana amancane ukuchitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe todvwa kusukela abanye. Yisa endaweni ethile ke kungenziwa uma nje iqhwa liyancibilika, ukukhulula maqembu.

Uma unquma ukuvakashela lesi Afghanistan incazelo Luhambo entabeni ubuhle uzobe kunzima ukwenza kanjalo. Njengoba akunakwenzeka ukuchaza ingozi ame kuzo. Ziningi komhlaba amplitude 5-6, izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze futhi rockfalls ukwenza Hindu Kush indawo kuyingozi kakhulu. Iphuzu esiphezulu - Tirich Mir, noma "iNkosi Ngibambeni," njengoba zibizwa kanjalo by bendawo. Zonke ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye Vakhania entabeni uhlale isithunzi lalo. Lapha zivela Kabul futhi Indus emifuleni. Eyokuqala awunika igama lokuthi enhlokodolobha.

Ngokutadisha izibuyekezo ezikhangayo Afghanistan, kodwa kunalokho mayelana nalezo zintaba, kumelwe kuphawulwe i lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo - the Salang Umhubhe, ehunyushwe ngokuqondile emadwaleni. On isicelo, izivakashi bangavakashela emihumeni amangelengele izindela ezingamaBuddha zenza esigodini emfuleni Tejen.

Isigodlo Darul Aman

Mid-1920 kwaphawulwa Afghanistan ophela ukwakhiwa isigodlo Dar ul-Aman, ukwakhiwa okwakuhilela abaklami German. Lesi sigodlo lifanekisela ukuzuzwa ukuzimela iNkosi Amanullah. Ngo-1919, kwaqala umsebenzi ukuthuthukiswa kwesifunda entsha - eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Kabul zamanje. Ekuqaleni kwathiwa bahlela ukwakha izakhiwo ezingu-70 ezikule isitayela European, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emithathu iphrojekthi sivunyiwe kwenkosi entsha.

Sekuyiminyaka eyisikhombisa, wakwazi ukwakha izindlu zobukhosi ezimbili kuphela, enye yazo - Darul Aman. Ngemva omunye unyaka, ukwakhiwa sanqamuka ngenxa kokugumbuqelwa Amanullah. Ekhulwini leminyaka eledlule, esigodlweni yabekwa esindayo ukuhlaselwa nosimende kusukela mujahideen izibhamu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi afike wakhonza khona njengenceku amabutho aseSoviet General Abasebenzi Dra. Akunjalo kudala, kwathiwa evunywe uhlelo esigodlweni umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo. UHulumeni obusayo njengamanje ufisa ukuveza isifiso imvuselelo intsandvo yelinyenti kanye nasezweni lonke.

juma Mosque

Yini enye ukubona e Afghanistan yilona ngokubabazekayo Juma mosque. It iseningizimu baye edorobheni okuthiwa Herat. Isakhiwo Yakhiwa emuva lé ekhulwini 10 amaSulumane zendawo, ngokuhambisa endaweni wendawo, kodwa eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva yayishisiwe. Ngalokhu umlilo kuboshelwe nganekwane ukuthi Dervish, ohlala e-mosque, khuluma izinyembezi ezimbili kuphela, wakwazi ukucima isici umlilo. Kodwa kwathiwa Wakhumbula mosque Juma yaphendulwa umlotha.

Ngemva 2 eminyaka yayakhiwe ngobukhulu wangaphambili. Ukuze umsebenzi wakhe ukudalwa shrine wathatha yena Alisher Navoi, nguye owasinika lo mosque sesimanjemanje njenge siyazi ukuthi namuhla. Iningi lethu azifinyelelanga, kanye portal kuphela lettering enhle embossed. Zaphinde zaba nendima nezimpi eziningi ukuthi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 washiya inqwaba yetshe ngilahlekile. Ngenhlanhla, konke ibuyiselwe: umhlobiso futhi izindonga esontweni lamaSulumane, endaweni enkulu kwangaphakathi, okungathatha ezingaphezu kuka-5000 amaSulumane.

isiphetho

Ukufunda izibuyekezo labo abaye kuleli zwe, singaphetha ngokuthi Afghanistan kuyoba ezithakazelisayo ukuze labo abanesithakazelo emlandweni eMpumalanga, ubungcweti. Izivakashi abahlela uvakashele Afghanistan ukuzibonela mathupha namagugu amasiko alo, it is kakhulu Kunconywa ukuba ukuhlela ngokucophelela umzila. Kuyadingeka ukuba ukulandela izindaba zakamuva kusukela ezifundeni ohlela khona. UHulumeni obusayo njengamanje akanakho ukuphatha phezu izindawo ezinkulu ezweni.