Optical ukukhohlisa iso, noma inkohliso Optical

Konke sibona eqinisweni, bazithatha kalula. Noma ngabe rainbow kwamakhowe ngemva kwemvula, smile ingane noma ulwandle kancane kancane bluish buqamama. Kodwa uma siqala ukubona amafu ukuma-eguquguqukayo, futhi ukusuka lapho izithombe ajwayelekile, izinto ... Kulokhu, kwakuqabukela cabanga kuvela kanjani nalokho zenzo zivela e ingqondo yethu ifa. Ngo isayensi, lesi simo sibangelwa yencazelo ezifanele - ukukhohlisa optical iso. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, sithola zibukeke azibonayo nesithombe esisodwa, futhi imibhikisho ubuchopho futhi decrypts ngokuhlukile. Bajwayelane ukukhohlisa ezibukwayo ethandwa kakhulu bese uzama ukuchaza kubo.

incazelo jikelele

Sekuyisikhathi eside Inkohliso zamehlo kube isihloko ilukuluku, odokotela bengqondo futhi abaculi. Inchazelo yesayensi, ziqondakala njengoba sisincane, bezibona osontekile izinto, iphutha, iphutha. Endulo lalibhekwa imbangela inkohliso ukungasebenzi simiso sabantu ezibukwayo. Namuhla, kuwutalagu - Umqondo ezijulile elihlobene ne izinqubo ubuchopho, ezisisiza ukuba "shintsha" nokuqonda ngokoqobo ezizungezile. Isimiso yokusebenza umbono womuntu kungenxa kabusha ukusungulwa kuyi-retina esweni izithombe ngakuthathu lezinto ebonakalayo. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukucacisa ubukhulu, ukujula, kanye remoteness ka imibono isimiso (kuqondane and imigqa perpendicular). Amehlo ukufunda ulwazi, nobuchopho icubungula ke.

I inkohliso senkohliso kube yilapho amehlo ayahluka nemingcele eziningana (usayizi, umbala, ngombono). Ake sizame ukuchaza kubo.

Ukujula usayizi

I elula kakhulu futhi ujwayelene kuya Iso lomuntu liwumsebenzi omuhle inkohliso weJiyomethri - Umbono osontekile ngobukhulu, ubude noma ukujula ngokoqobo into. Empeleni, lesi simanga kungabonakala nasemkhakheni ngokubheka ujantshi. Eduze komzila zifana kuya komunye nomunye, perpendicular komzila belele. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isithombe iyashintsha: kukhona enyakazayo noma bend, walahlekelwa imigqa ngokulinganisa. I kude emgwaqeni, nzima ukunquma ibanga ingxenye yayo.

On ngendlela evumelana nale nganekwane zamehlo (kunezincazelo, bonke njengoba) uqale watshela sokusebenza kwengqondo Italian Mario Pontso ngo-1913. ukwehla komkhuba ubukhulu nto remoteness yayo kuyinto ngemibono ngoba umbono womuntu. Kodwa kukhona Ukuhlanekezelwa ngamabomu lezi ngendlela yokubona izinto, okuyinto ukubhubhisa isithombe ephelele into. Lapho isitebhisi phezu kwawo wonke obuphelele uhlala imigqa parallel akucacile, umuntu esehlela noma sinyuka. Eqinisweni, ukwakhiwa wakhe Umkhulu has ngamabomu isandiso phansi noma phezulu.

Ngokuphathelene ukujula kukhona nomqondo kungalingani - sesimweni ezahlukene amaphuzu kuyi-retina samehlo kwesokunxele nakwesokudla. Ngenxa yalesi ehlweni lomuntu ubona ngilugweda isihloko noma convex. I inkohliso zalesi simo kungabonwa ku-3D-izithombe, uma into flat (ephepheni, asphalt, udonga) imifanekiso ngakuthathu. Ngenxa yelungiselelo lesifanele bobunjwa, izithunzi nokukhanya, isithombe ngephutha ziqondakala kobuchopho sangempela.

Umbala nekuphikisana

Omunye izakhiwo ezibalulekile kakhulu Iso lomuntu liwumsebenzi ikhono lokuhlukanisa imibala. Umbono ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu kungakhanyi ukukhanya kwezindaba izinto. Lokhu kungenxa ngemisebe optical - mkhuba "spillover" ukukhanya elikhanyayo kuzingxenye amnyama yesithombe kuyi-retina. Lokhu kuchaza ukulahlekelwa ukuzwela ukuba siqonde obomvu kanye orange, futhi babemkhulisa ngokumelene okwesibhakabhaka lokuyibubende esikhathini twilight sosuku. Kule ndaba, kungase kube zalabo optical.

Zidlala indima ebalulekile futhi ukuqhathanisa. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu ngephutha ukwahlulela saturation umbala into ngemuva buphelile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indlela lokhu okuhluke ngayo eqinile mutes imibala izinto eduze.

I inkohliso of umbala kungabonakala nasemkhakheni emthunzini, lapho ukukhanya kanye saturation kungukuthi kubonakala khona. umqondo "umbala umthunzi" e ezobuciko. Ngokwemvelo, kungase kumelwe kugujwe, lapho somlilo kwelanga imibala endlini ebomvu, olwandle uqobo yemibala okungafani. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kungabuye siphakathi inkohliso iso.

uhlaka

Isigaba esilandelayo inkohliso bezibona wabuka, bobunjwa izinto. Ezweni yesayensi, wabizwa ngokuthi lo mkhuba ukulungela okuqonda. Ngezinye izikhathi lokho esikubonayo akuyona ezifana, noma has a incazelo ezimbili. Okwamanje, ezobuciko weza fashion ukudala izithombe banemizwa engqubuzanayo. abantu ezahlukene babuka okufanayo "ngekhodi" isithombe wayifunda abalingiswa ezahlukene, Silhouettes, ulwazi. Isibonelo esimangalisayo lena kwengqondo test izindawo Rorshaha. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, bezibona ezibukwayo kulokhu okufanayo, kodwa ukusabela indlela yokwelapha kuncike izici nobuntu. Ekuhloleni izimfanelo ezidingekayo acabangele indawo, izinga ifomu, okuqukethwe kanye okusuka / ukuthandwa ukufunda ukukhohlisa okunjalo.

shifters

Lolu hlobo of illusion zamehlo ubuye art ethandwa. Kusiza ngakho wukuthi kwelinye isikhundla isithombe ubuchopho bomuntu ofunda isithombe esisodwa, futhi okuphambene - omunye. I turncoats edume kunazo kukhona owesifazane inkosazana ubudala nedada-unogwaja. Ngokombono nombala, azikho ukuhlanekezela izinto, kodwa ukuzimisela wekuticabangela samanje. Kodwa umehluko kufanele uvule isithombe. Sithola isibonelo esithi asifane kungaba empeleni okwashiwo amafu. Lapho kungenzeka omunye kanye nefomu elifanayo izikhundla ezahlukene (mpo, ovundlile) nezinto ezi ezahlukene.

Igumbi Ames

Isibonelo inkohliso 3D-Eye igumbi Ames yasungulwa ngo-1946. It yakhelwe ngendlela yokuthi lapho libhekwa phambi ibonakala ekamelweni abavamile enezindonga parallel perpendicular ophahleni kanye phansi. Empeleni, kuleli gumbi - trapezoid. Udonga distal it is wahlela ukuze engela esifanele obtuse (eduze) washiya - acute (okunye). Gcizelela phansi inkohliso oxube okubi nokuhle. Indoda okukhulunywa ngayo lokunene zibukeke ziqondakala giant, futhi kwesokunxele - oyisichwe. Okuthakazelisayo ukunyakaza umuntu ekamelweni - indoda, elikhula ngokushesha, noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, incipha.

Izazi zithi lokhu inkohliso akudingi nokuba khona izindonga nophahla. Sengikhathele emkhathizwe, okubonakala kuphela kulabo mayelana sendlalelolwati. Inkohliso Ames Igumbi ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa amamuvi imiphumela ekhethekile yemifino giant.

ukukhohlisa ezihambayo

Olunye uhlobo inkohliso nje ngokubona okubonakala ngeso isithombe ashukumisayo noma avtokineticheskoe ukunyakaza. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umfanekiso flat lapho sicabangela izibalo kuso sebeqala ngokoqobo yaqhuma. Umthelela is iyakhula uma umuntu yanjalo esondela / sisuka isithombe, wabukela kusuka kwesokudla kuya kwesokunxele futhi okuphambene nalokho. Kulokhu, ukuhlanekezela kwenzeka ngenxa umbala ofanayo ezithile, ilungiselelo isiyingi, semfene noma "Vector" amafomu.

"Tracking" imidwebo

Mhlawumbe wonke okwake kwadingeka abhekane nethonya ezibukwayo uma isithombe noma isithombe sephosta nje ukubukela nokuhamba ekamelweni lakhe. I edume "Mona Lisa" kaLeonardo da Vinci, "Dionysus" by Caravaggio, "Portrait i elingaziwa" Archaeology noma ezivamile portrait izithombe - izibonelo ezicacile zendlela lesi simo.

Naphezu eziningi izindaba ongaqondakali, okuyinto owembozwe lo mphumela, akuyona into engavamile. Ososayensi nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo, ngizibuza indlela ukwenza inkohliso "iso kokulandela", etholakala ifomula elula.

• ubuso Model kufanele ubuke mculi.
• Indwangu ngaphezulu, umbono namandla.
• imodeli ubhekene Imizwelo ezibalulekile. Inkulumo Ongenandaba akakubangeli obuka ngokufuna ukwazi nokwesaba ukushushiswa.

Nge ilungiselelo okukahle kokukhanyayo isithunzi portrait ukuthola kwelivi ngakuthathu, ivolumu, futhi leso sicelo ngeke kubonakale ukuthi amehlo kukhona umfanekiso womuntu.