Izici zokuqhathanisa zikaZhilin noKostylina (uTolstoy, "Isiboshwa saseCaucasus")

"Isiboshwa saseCaucasus" - indaba ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi indaba. Lalotshwa nguLeon Tolstoy. Lo msebenzi usitshela ngesiphathimandla saseRussia, esasikuthunjiswe nabagibeli bezintaba. Le ndaba yanyatheliswa okokuqala encwadini yeZarya ngo-1872. Ungomunye wemisebenzi ethandwa kakhulu yomlobi omkhulu waseRashiya osindiswe ngokuphindaphindiwe okuningi. Isihloko sendaba sibhekisela enkondlweni kaPushkin yegama elifanayo. Kulesi sihloko sizokwenza izici zokufanisa zikaZhilin noKostylin. Lawa yizinhlamvu ezimbili eziyinhloko, ukuphikisana nobuntu obumba isisekelo somsebenzi. Incazelo kaZhilin noKostylina bheka ngezansi.

Indaba yomlando

Le nkulumo isekelwe engxenyeni yesenzakalo sangempela esenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kweTolstoy eCaucasus (i-50s yekhulu le-XIX). Wabhala edayari yakhe ngoJuni 1853 ukuthi cishe wawela ekuthunjweni, kodwa waziphatha kahle kulokhu, nakuba Futhi uzwela ngokweqile. ULeon Nikolayevich, kanye nomngane wakhe, ushiywe ngokuyisimangaliso. Ummeli uTolstoy naye kwakudingeka ahlangane nabangani bakhe ekuthunjweni.

Izincwadi zokuhlengwa, ezakhiwe izikhulu ezimbili

Indaba iqhubeka phakathi neMpi yaseCaucasus. UZhilin, iphoyisa, ukhonza e-navy. Unina umthumela incwadi ngesicelo sokumvakashela, futhi ushiya isitimela esivela enqabeni. Endleleni, uyambamba kanye neKostylin futhi ukhubekise "amaTatars" ahambile (okungukuthi, izintaba-amaSulumane).

Labo abadubula ihhashi, futhi isikhulu ngokwakhe siboshwa (umngane wakhe ugijima). UZhilin uthathwe emzaneni wasezintabeni, ngemuva kwalokho bathengisa u-Abdul-Murat. "UZhilin noKostylin bahlangana kanjani ngemuva kwalokhu?" - ubuza. Kuthiwa u-Abdul-Murat wayesele esekuthunjelwe ngesikhathi uKostylin, osebenza naye kaZhilin, naye obanjwe amaTatar. U-Abdul-Murat ubhala izincwadi zaseRussia izincwadi ekhaya ukuze zihlenge isihlengo. UZhilin ukhomba ikheli elingalungile emvilophini, eqaphela ukuthi noma kunjalo umama ngeke akwazi ukuqoqa imali edingekayo.

UZhilin noKostylin ekuthunjweni

UKostylin noZhilin bahlala egazini, bafaka izinyawo zabo emasimini asebusuku. UZhilin wathandana nabantwana bendawo, ngokuyinhloko uDina, indodakazi eneminyaka engu-13 ubudala, u-Abdul-Murat, owawenza amodoli. Ngesikhathi ehamba endaweni kanye ne-aul, leli phoyisa lilinganisela ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukubalekela enqabeni yaseRussia. Ebusuku wenza umgodi emanzini. UDina umlethela ngezinye izikhathi izingcezu ze-mutton noma amaqebelengwane aphansi.

Ukuphunyuka kwamaphoyisa amabili

Ngesikhathi uZhilin ezwa ukuthi izakhamuzi zale aul ziyethusa ngokufa komunye umuntu ohlala endaweni efile empini nabaseRussia, ekugcineni unquma ukubalekela. Kanye noKostylin, isikhulu senyukela emgodini ebusuku. Bafuna ukuya ehlathini, bese-kuya enqabeni. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi i-Kostylin enamandla yayinamahloni, abanaso isikhathi sokusebenzisa lolu hlelo, amaTatars aqaphela abantu abasha futhi ababuyise. Manje sebebekwa emgodini futhi abasasususi izicathulo zabo ebusuku. Ngezinye izikhathi uDina uyaqhubeka nokugqoka ukudla kwesiphathimandla.

Ukuphunyuka kwesibili kweZhilin

Ebona ukuthi izigqila zabo zesaba ukuthi amaRussia azofika maduzane, ngakho-ke angabulala izithunjwa zabo, uZhilin, ngesikhathi sebusuku, wake wabuza uDina ukuthi athole induku ende. Ngosizo lwakhe, uphuma emgodini. UKostylin, ofa futhi ehlambalaza, uhlala ngaphakathi. Uzama, kuhlanganise ngosizo lentombazane, ukugodla isikhwama, kodwa akaphumelelanga. Ekuseni, ngemuva kokuhamba ngendlela ehlathini, uZhilin uya emaqenjini aseRashiya. U-Kostylina kamuva, kanye nempilo ehlukumezeka kakhulu, athengwa ebugqilini yi-comrades.

Izici zabalingiswa abakhulu ("Abathunjwa baseCaucasus", Tolstoy)

UZhilin noKostylin yizikhulu zaseRashiya. Bobabili bahileleke empini yokuxoshwa kweCaucasus eya eRussia. UZhilin uthola incwadi evela kunina, lapho ecela indodana yakhe ukuba imvakashele ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ukuze ibuyele. Yena, ngaphandle kokucabanga kabili, uqala uhambo lwakhe. Kodwa kwakuyingozi ukuhamba yedwa, ngoba nganoma isiphi isikhathi amaTatar ayengamthatha futhi ambulale. Sasihamba ngeqembu, ngakho-ke kancane kancane. Khona-ke uZhilin noKostylin banquma ukuhamba phambili bodwa. UZhilin wayehlakaniphile futhi uqaphele. Eqiniseka ukuthi isibhamu sikaKostylin sasilayishwa, futhi ube nesheke esikhaleni, uZhilin wanquma ukubona ukuthi amaTatars abonakala yini, ekhuphukela entabeni. Ekhuphuka phezulu, wabona izitha zakhe. AmaTatar ayengekho kude, ngakho-ke abona uZilina.

Lesi sikhulu esinamandla sabona ukuthi uma ekwazi ukugijimela esibhamu (esasiyi Kostylin's), izikhulu zizokhululwa. Wamemeza umngane wakhe. Kodwa uKostylin owesabayo wabaleka, esaba ngenxa yesikhumba sakhe. Wenza isenzo esiwusizo. Ngendlela uZhilin noKostylin bahlangana ngayo, umuntu angabona ukuhlekwa kwesiphetho phezu kwalokhu okulandelayo. Phela, bobabili babanjwe, futhi lapha bahlangana futhi. Induna yabazintaba-amaSulumane yathi kubalulekile ukukhokha isihlengo sama-ruble angu-5000, bese ekhishwa. Ngokushesha uKostylin wabhala incwadi ekhaya ecela ukuba athole imali. Futhi uZhilin utshele lezi zintaba ukuthi uma bembulala, ngeke bathole lutho, futhi babatshele ukuthi balinde. Wathumela incwadi yakhe ngenhloso yokuthola elinye ikheli, ngoba isikhulu sasizihawukela unina, owayegula kakhulu, futhi kwakungekho imali emndenini. Ngaphandle komama wakhe, uZilin wayengekho ezinye izihlobo.

Izici zokuqhathanisa zikaZhilin noKostylin zingase zenziwe ngokufakazela ukuthi la maqhawe asebenzisa kanjani isikhathi sabo ekuthunjweni. UZhilin wanquma ukuthi kungenzeka futhi kufanele abaleke. Umba umgwaqo phakathi nobusuku, futhi emini yenzelwa amadokodo kaDina, okwakubuyisela ukudla.

Kodwa wayelala usuku lonke, futhi walala ebusuku. Futhi manje sekufike isikhathi lapho amalungiselelo okubalekela eseqediwe. Izikhulu zagijima ndawonye. Babulala amatshe ezinyawo zabo, futhi uKostylin Zhilin wabuthakathaka kwadingeka aqhubeke. Ngenxa yalokhu, babanjwa. Izikhulu zafakwa emgodini ngalesi sikhathi, kodwa uDina wathatha induku futhi wasiza umngane wakhe ukuba abaleke. UKostylin wayesaba ukubalekela futhi futhi wahlala nabagibeli bezintaba. UZhilin wakwazi ukufika kuye. Kwaphela inyanga kuphela uKostylina ehlengiwe.

Ngokusobala, uLev Nikolaevich Tolstoy ubonisa endabeni yakhe ethi "Isiboshwa saseCaucasus" isibindi nesibindi sikaZhilin nobuthakathaka, ukwesaba nobuqili bomngane wakhe. Izici zokuqhathanisa zikaZhilin noKostylina ziphikisana, futhi lezi zithombe zakhiwe ngokuphambene. Ukuze athuthukise kangcono imicabango yakhe, umbhali usebenzisa amaqhinga amaningi. Funda kabanzi mayelana nabo.

Ukuhlaziywa kwesihloko sezindaba esithi "Isiboshwa saseCaucasus"

Kuyathakazelisa ukuhlaziya isihloko salolu daba - "Ijele laseCaucasus". UZhilin noKostylin bangamaqhawe amabili, kodwa igama linikezwa yedwa. UTolstoy, mhlawumbe, wayefuna ukukhombisa lokhu, ukuthi iqhawe langempela lingaba ngumuntu ongeke alahlekelwe yizinkinga ezivelele, kodwa azenze ngokuzithandela. Abantu abanamahloni baba umthwalo kwabanye ekuphileni, hhayi ukuzama noma yini hhayi ukuthuthukisa. Ngakho-ke, umlobi ubonisa ukuthi akuyona yonke into ekuphileni kwethu ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ezimweni, futhi umuntu ngamunye ungumdali wekusasa lakhe.

Amagama abalingiswa abakhulu

Qaphela futhi namagama amaqhawe, athathwa ngumlobi hhayi ngengozi, okumele kuphawulwe, ukuhlanganisa izici ezifanisa zikaZhilin noKostylin. Ukuqala ukufunda lo msebenzi, asazi izinhlamvu zabadlali abakhulu, kodwa bafunde amagama abo kuphela. Kodwa masinyane sinomuzwa wokuthi uLev Nikolaevich uzwela kakhulu uZhilin kuneKostylin. Esikhathini esilandelayo, sicabanga ukuthi lo mlingisi "uhlambalaza," kanti uZhilin uyindoda enamandla, "eyomile," enomlingiswa oqinile. I-Kostylin idinga usizo lwabantu abangaphandle, ingumuntu ongenasici, othembekile. Imicimbi eqhubekayo iqinisekisa izingxoxo zethu. Okushiwo la magama aqanjiwe ngokuhleleka kuhluke ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, uZhilin uchazwa njengendoda encane, esheshayo futhi eqinile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uKostylin inzima, inzima ukuphakama, ingabonakali. Kuwo wonke umsebenzi, wenza kuphela lokho okuvimbela umngane ukuba angazi ukuthi uhlele ukuthini.

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, lezi zinhlamvu ezimbili zihlukile, njengoba kuchazwe nguZhilin noKostylin umbhali. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zikhulu ezimbili wukuthi omunye uyisisebenzi esinzima, esebenzayo, ekholelwa ukuthi umuntu angathola indlela yokuphuma kunoma yisiphi isimo, kanti owesibili uyinkemba, ivila, i-lout. UZhilin wakwazi ukuhlala endaweni enonya, eyasiza lo mphoyisa ukuba aphume ekuthunjweni. Icala elinjalo lomunye umuntu lizobe selikhiphe ngaphandle, kepha lo mphathi akafani nalokhu. Akazange ashiye ekhaya ngemuva kokuphela komlando, kodwa wahlala eCaucasus. Kodwa iKostylin, esaphila, yakhululwa ekuthunjweni ukuze isihlengo. UTolstoy akazange athi okwenzekile kuye. Mhlawumbe, akazange abheke ukuthi kuyadingeka ngisho nokukhuluma ngokuqhubekayo komuntu ongenalutho emsebenzini wakhe "Umjele weCaucasus." UZhilin noKostylin bangabantu abahlukene, ngakho-ke ama-fates abo ahlukene, naphezu kwezimo ezifanayo zokuphila. Kwakungumcabango wokuthi uLobert Tolstoy wayefuna ukusitshela.

USamuel Marshak waphawula ukuthi umsebenzi othi "Isiboshwa SaseCaucasus" (Tolstoy) ungumqhele wazo zonke izincwadi zokufunda futhi wathi kuzo zonke izincwadi zomhlaba umuntu akakwazi ukuthola isibonelo esiphelele kakhulu endabeni, indaba encane yokufunda izingane. Incazelo kaZhilin noKostylina, ukuhlaziywa okuqhathaniswa kwabalingiswa babo kusiza ukufundisa isizukulwane esincane, ukuthuthukiswa kobuntu, ngoba kubonisa indlela yokuziphatha ezimweni ezinzima. Ikusasa likaZhilin neKostylin lifundisa kakhulu.