Izhevsk echibini: incazelo, amaqiniso athakazelisayo nezithombe

Ukukhishwa kwechibi lase-Izhevsk kanye nedamu ngokwalo kungukukhanga okuyinhloko kwedolobha. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngaphezu kwesihloko sendawo enkulu yedolobha, ichibi liyi-reservoir enkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu phakathi kwamagumbi, okungahloselwe ukukhiqizwa kagesi.

Ubude bayo buyi-12 km, ububanzi buhluka kusuka ku-0.5 kuya ku-2.5 km. Le echibi lifana nesitsha esikhulu. Indawo yedamu laseIzhevsk ingamamitha ayisishiyagalolunye angama-26. I-Km, ihlala kuyo - i-cubic meter ayizigidi ezingu-76. M amanzi.

Umlando omncane

Inhloso eyinhloko yelondolozi ukudala amandla okubamba amajini wamanzi we-ironworks.

Isibungu sakhiwe ngo-10.04.1760, ukwakhiwa kwalo kwaqhutshwa yi-serfs zendawo.

Okokuqala, leli dama lalibukeka njengenqwaba yomhlaba. Ekuklanyweni kwayo, kunqunywe ama-cutouts. Ngamanzi amakhulu okugaya ahlinzekwa kumavili esitolo, okuhloselwe ukugcwaliswa. Ukusika kwesibili kwakuncane kakhulu, ngosizo lwamanzi owafika emasimini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakhiwa kwedamu kunikezwa ngogesi.

Kakade ngo-1763 i-echibini yayisungulwe ngokuphelele. Ubude obuphelele bodamu ngalesi sikhathi kwakungamafathoms angu-280, nokuphakama - amayunithi amane kuphela. Usosayensi ovelele uPallas ngokwakhe ngesikhathi ehambela isitshalo e-Izhevsk kakhulu ngokulinganisela ukuthi kulinganiswe leli damu nokwakhiwa kwalo.

Eyaziwa kahle ngalezo zinsuku kwakuyizibhamu zaseIzhevsk. Isithombe somuzi wanamuhla asikwazi ukubonisa ngokugcwele umkhathi wesikhathi esidlule.

Ngomnyaka ka-1775 leli damu laliyinto yokushisa. Lokhu kwenziwa yi-Pugachevites, owathumba insimu yesitshalo. Ilangabi lavuleka amacilongo, amasondo, izitsha zothuli, kanye nemishini eyayimi eduze kwedamu. Lesi sitshalo sabuyiselwa iminyaka emihlanu.

Izhevsk Pond and Plant

Esikhathini esithile emva kokuqala komsebenzi wokwakha e-factory factory, kwakukhona isidingo samanzi aphakeme ngaphezulu echibini. Mayelana nalokhu, leli damu lenyuke libe ngu-646.6 m ubude futhi lifinyelela ku-30 m ububanzi. Futhi eceleni kwedamu, kusukela ohlangothini lwendawo, kwakuyizinqwaba ezibunjiweyo, eziqinile ngezigxobo zesikhathi eside. Isihlabathi somfula kanye nomfula sokuhlanganiswa safakwa phakathi kodonga olwakhiwe kanye nedamu lasendulo. Eduze "neVeshnyakov" yenza isikhawulo esikhethekile sokuphepha emabhuloki eqhwa ngesikhathi sehla kwamanzi entwasahlobo. Lezi zenzo zenziwa ngamabutho amasosha emilonyeni engavumelekile, izitshalo nezisebenzi zamasosha. Ngenxa yalokhu bakhokhelwa ipeni nje.

Ukuncintisana kokwakhiwa kwamachibi

Isendlalelo esiphezulu sodamu olwakhiwe sasiqinisekiswa kakade ngo-1834, okwathi ngemva kwalokho umgwaqo wamatshe onamanzi nokuhamba ngezinyawo wawuhlelwe eduze kwesakhiwo. Kuwo wonke ubude bamabhange endaba, imigwaqo yahlelwa. Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu kanye nayo yonke ingqalasizinda kwenziwa ngokuphathelene nendawo yokuhlala echibini.

Omunye wabaphathi bezitshalo ze-Izhevsk, i-Bilderling, ehlongozwa ukwakha elinye ibhodlela lamanzi. Ngenxa yomqondo wakhe, amanzi agcinwe yi-bayshot ayogcwalisa ngokulinganayo iphutha lakhe lonyaka. Kuye, indawo isivele isinqunyiwe, futhi izibalo eziqinisekisa ukungabikho komonakalo zenziwe. Kodwa ukwakhiwa akuzange kuqale. Ngo-1885, ukulungiswa okuyisisekelo kwahlelwa ukuba kusetshenziswe izakhiwo zamanzi, okwathi ngemva kwesikhathi eside ukuhanjiswa kwezinqola kanye namakhansela edameni ngokwawo kwavinjelwa.

Ngokuphathelene negunya elikhulayo le-factory factory kanye nokuqhamuka kweMpi Yezwe I, noma yikuphi ukunyakaza edameni kwakunqatshelwe ngesikhathi sokuvala kusukela ngo-6: 00 kuya ku-6 ekuseni.

Ukuthumela nokudoba

Uma emikhumbi nemikhumbi yezinkulungwane eziyikhulu le-18 kuphela engazange ibangele imvelo yayibhukuda emanzini, bese kuthi phakathi nekhulu lama-19 ukudonsa kanye nezikebhe ezingapheliyo eziwela echibini i-Izhevsk zaqala ukuvela. I-Izhevsk iphenduke indawo yokuthumela yangempela. Okuvamile kakhulu emphakathini jikelele kwakuyi-pyroscaphe "Izh", ubude obuyizingalo eziyi-12. Lesi sitsha sasinesakhiwo sesondo, futhi ngenxa yokuba khona kwekhasi elilodwa kulo, abantu babevame ukuthunyelwa kuma-picnics.

Izikebhe ezihamba ngezindiza Izhevsk echibini lihlala lihamba njalo. Umkhumbi ophethe isakhiwo se-screw kuqala wabonakala lapha ngo-1916, igama lakhe "Isiphepho". Ngokushesha ukuphathwa kwesitshalo kanye nabakhiqizi baqala ukuvela ezikebheni ezinhle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sehlobo, ukuhamba okuhlelekile kuVolozhka kwenziwa nge-reservoir, eyadlula cishe ihora elilodwa.

Ezingxenyeni ezikude zakwa-1936 zanikezwa ku-Izhevsk, emva kweminyaka engama-35 - imikhumbi emikhulu yemoto, eyasebenzisa isikhathi esifanayo ngendlela ephindwe izikhathi ezinhlanu. Ukujula kwechibi le-Izhevsk kwavumela ukuba kuhambisane nemikhumbi eqinile yempahla enezimpahla ezihlukahlukene.

Ipond kanye nezakhamuzi zase-Izhevsk

I-Izhevsk echibini yaba nendima ekhethekile empilweni yama-masters ase-Izhevsk kanye namasaleli. Emisebenzini yabo, bavame ukukhombisa indawo yomhlaba wendawo, eyabangela ukwanda kwezimfuno zemikhiqizo yabo. Futhi lokhu, kwaholela ekuchumeni komuzi wonke.

Inhlanzi echibini lase-Izhevsk yayiningi. Isibungu sasivame ukuhamba nge-pike, i-carp, i-bream, i-roach ne-perch. Ukudoba kulezi zindawo kwakuwumsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu. Kodwa maduzane ubuningi bezinhlanzi baqala ukwehla ngokushesha. Lokhu kwanikeza umfutho wokuzalanisa okufakelwayo. Njengengxenye yokuvuselelwa kwamanzi, i-carp yasungulwa echibini, kepha izimo azange zihambisane naye, kanti izinhlanzi zafa. Esikhathini esizayo, kunqunywe ukuba kuzalwe lezo zinhlobonhlobo ezazihlala ngaphambilini echibini. Ngokuyisisekelo i-pike, i-perch ne-roach.

Ezombusazwe kanye echibini

I-Izhevsk Pond sekuyisikhathi eside yindawo ethandwayo yemicimbi yokuguqula. Lapha, ukudubula kwakuvame ukuhlelwa, amakilasi ezombangazwe, kanye noMeya. Zonke lezi zenzo zazifakwe ngokuhlakanipha ngokuzilibazisa emvelweni nasemapinkiki, okwenzeka olwandle oluhle kakhulu.

Ngo-1906 emlandweni we-Izhevsk wabhalwa umhlangano oqubuzela lapho izikebhe ezingaba ngu-150 zezenhlalakahle zahlanganyela khona. Kwesinye isimo, amaphoyisa asezidolobheni ayengenamandla.

Kuwo wonke umlando walo, izenzakalo eziningi ezifanayo ziye zabona echibini lase-Izhevsk. Ngeshwa, isithombe asikwazi ukuveza ngokugcwele ukuthi umzimba wamanzi uyisimo esiphilayo futhi usaqhubeka nesimo esidlule.

Umlando ongaqondakali we-Izhevsk reservoir

Ukubonakala kwalesi echibini esimangalisayo kuyinto engavamile. Iningi labacwaningi kanye nezazi-mlando bakholelwa ukuthi enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Izhevsk kwakukhona imifula, eyancipha kakhulu. Lezi zimbangela ngemuva kokukwakhiwa kwedameni elidumile lase-Izhevsk zazigcwele izikhukhula. I-version eyinhloko yalokho okwenzekayo iphakamisa ukuthi leli garaji lagonywa yi-serfs, owafa ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Kodwa impendulo yangempela kuphela inganikezwa, kuphela ukuhlola kahle phansi phansi echibini.

Muva nje, kusuliwe ngokuphelele udaka oluphansi locwaningo.

Isibindi samakethe ukuziqhenya kwabantu base-Udmurt

Unyaka wesisekelo samanzi echibini wendiza kubhekwa ukuthi ngo-1763, lapho isitshalo sokukhiqizwa kwensimbi saqala ukusebenza. Abantu base-Udmurt babona leli qhwa njengesimangaliso, ngenxa yokuklama kwamasondo, ajikelezwa ngamanzi. Umsebenzi wangempela wezobuciko kwakuyi-embankment echibini lase-Izhevsk. Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwesiteshi samandla kagesi wamanzi, leli gumbi lalibhekwa njengenye yamanzi amakhulu okufakelwa.

Abasebenzi balesi sitshalo baxhunyaniswe ne-reservoir kokubili ngesikhathi sokusebenza futhi ngesikhathi sokuphumula. Siyabonga, ichibi sathola amagama amaningi afana nendawo ezungezile nendawo ezungezile.

Ukuma nesimo samabhange esitokisini sasibikezela isimo sezitaladi zomuzi kanye nezakhe. Isibindi senze izilungiso zayo hhayi kuphela ezakhiweni zokwakha nezakhiwo zezikhumbuzo, kodwa futhi nesimo sezakhamuzi zase-Izhevsk. Ngenxa yomakhelwane onesibi esikhulu, esishintshayo futhi esidlalayo, zonke izakhamuzi zendawo zibhekene nobubanzi bomphefumulo, i-adventurism, ukulangazelela konke okusha nokuthandana.

X-Amafayela

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi, kusukela ngo-1811, kwakukhona elinye eliseduze ne-reservoir, okwakuthiwa yi-reserve echibini. Kwakusetshenziselwa ukuqala umshini. Wadala le pond F. F. Poppe.

Ngo-1919 emlandweni wechibini lase-Izhevsk kwaphawulwa ukuthi esimweni esibucayi, inqwaba yezibukeli, ukhozi ophezu kwezinhlangothi ezimbili wasuswa embhoshongweni wesitshalo wagcwala echibini.

Eminyakeni engama-37 ngemuva kwalolu cala, ngaphansi kwesitembu se "secret secret", isikhumbuzo ku-Stalin ngokwakhe sanconywa phansi phansi kwegumbi, ngokuphambene nendlu yendawo yamasiko nokuzilibazisa.

Ingcebo ngaphansi kwe-reservoir

Ngempela, okuyisimangaliso futhi okuyingqayizivele yi-Izhevsk Pond, okuyizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezikhathini zanamuhla. Enye ethandwa kakhulu - mayelana nomgodi kaDeveli, onokujula okumangalisayo. Ukujula kwalo kungaphezu kwamamitha angu-15. Indawo, itholakala eduze. I-Volozhka. Inani elikhulu labantu ligolile kule ndawo, kodwa akutholakali isidumbu esisodwa.

Ngokusho kwabadobi, bahlale bebona khona amapangolin amakhulu kakhulu, i-pike nazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane. Lezikwanekwane ziyakhuthaza kakhulu ukuvakashela echibini laseIzhevsk. Ukudoba, noma kunjalo, kungase kube khona ingozi ngokwayo.

Kukhona amahemuhemu kanye nezinganekwane mayelana no-ukhozi ophezu kwezinhlangothi ezimbili, okwakujwayele ukuhlobisa phezulu komunye wemibhoshongo yefektri. Ukukhanya kukhanyisa lesi sithombe esithakazelisayo ebumnyameni futhi senza ukhozi luhle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kweBolshevik, ukhozi luye lwachithwa ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi lwabuyela endaweni yalo evamile. Kodwa emva komunye wemizamo yokukhipha ekujuleni okukhulu kwendawo, ayitholakali amashumi eminyaka.

Ukugula echibini laseIzhevsk

Izindlela zokuzihlanza kwemvelo yemvelo, kusukela ekubukeni kwezinto eziphilayo, zaqala ukungasebenzi kahle kusukela ngawo-1960. Ngaleso sikhathi, lokhu kwakungazange kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi izinkinga zaqala ukuqoqwa futhi zimbi nakakhulu.

Insimbi ye-alamu yalandelwa ngo-2003, lapho amanzi emanqeni omhlali aqala ukuveza iphunga elimnandi. Kanti, amanzi ahlobene eduze nesondonko sendawo. Inkinga enkulu kwakuwukubola kwe-algae ngenxa yenani elikhulu lohlobo olufanayo lwezinto eziphilayo.

Kakade ngonyaka ozayo ukulwa nale nkinga, kukhishwe amathani angaphezu kwamathani amahlanu esiliva esitokisini, esingazange sithole izimpande kule echibi. Emva komunye unyaka owodwa ukuphuma okuhle esimweni esikudobeni, ezinye izilwane ezilwa nezimbali ezihleliwe. Kodwa, ngeshwa, le ndlela nayo yabonakala ingasebenzi.

Ivimbela ukuhlanzwa okuphelele kwebhubhisi ukujula kwechibi le-Izhevsk, elifinyelela ngamamitha ayi-12.

Ngokwezibalo ze-Izhevsk Vodokanal, ehlobo lika-2014 inani lezi algae lidlule izindinganiso ezivunyelwe izikhathi ezingu-2.5. Ngokusho kwezazi zemvelo, kulo nyaka i-parthenogenesis engathandeki ye-algae imise imvula, eyayivuselela futhi yandisa uphawu lwamanzi kuleli gumbi. Ngakho-ke, ngokwezinhlelo zokuphathwa komsele wamanzi, kuhlelwe ukusebenzisa ama-manganese namalahle ukuhlanzwa kwawo.

Uhlelo lokusindisa

Ngenxa yokushisa, echibini lwakhiwe ngamagciwane amakhulu. Ukushisa kwechibi lase-Izhevsk kufinyelela kuma-degree angu-30. Ukuhoxiswa kwemithombo yamanzi kusukela enhlekeleleni yemvelo kuqala kulo nyaka futhi kuzokwenziwa iminyaka emithathu. Le phrojekthi yasungulwa yi-Ministry of Natural Resources Protection. Ukunakwa okukhulu kuzokhokhwa ezitshalweni kanye nokuhlanzwa ngezansi. Ngenxa yalezi zenzo, izinga lamakhemikhali e-phosphorus okuholela ekwakhiweni kwezilwane ezilimazayo kuzokwehla kakhulu, okuzoholela ekubuyisweni kokulinganisela kwemvelo. Izindleko zemisebenzi zizoba ngama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-500. I-Udmurtia izokwazi ukukhokhela ingxenye yesithathu yemali, imali esele izobekwa kusukela kwisabelomali sesifundazwe.

Futhi, enye yamaphrojekthi okulondoloza i-Izhevsk reservoir yidalwa yendawo yokugcina indawo endaweni yaseVolozhka. Le echibini lizoqoqa futhi amanzi ehlobo lonyaka wasentwasahlobo, elizokwehliswa ngendlela efanele ohlelweni olukhulu, ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela eyingozi ye-algae.

Kuhlelo lwezezimali, intengo yomsebenzi izoba yi-ruble eyi-1 billion, kodwa kuze kube manje le phrojekthi ihlehlisiwe kuze kube yilapho inani elidingekayo libiwe. Okwamanje, Izhevsk izivivunguvungu zasemanzini izakhamuzi kanye nezivakashi zomuzi ezineminyango yabo efudumele. Ukushisa kwamanzi kuyo kuphela amazinga ambalwa ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lomoya.

Iholide yebhishi echibini lase-Izhevsk

Noma yimuphi echibini edolobheni kubhekwa njengendawo yeholide yasebhishi. Isiphetho esifanayo sifike echibini, okwakuqala ukudala izinhloso zezimboni. Namuhla, ungakwazi ukubhukuda, ukushisa ilanga ngisho nokudoba.

Naphezu kokuthi amanzi awahambisani nezindinganiso zangasese isikhathi eside, ibhishi lesibibe sase-Izhevsk asinalutho. Kubantu, ukugeza echibini akuyona ingozi, njengoba i-acidity yanda kancane emanzini. Lesi akusona isizathu sokuvala ichibi.

Kungenzeka yini ukubhukuda echibini lase-Izhevsk namuhla? Ungakwazi. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa yiziphathimandla zendawo kanye nezinsizakalo zangasese.