Isisu: izimpawu nemiphumela. Izimpawu ezisemqoka zesifo sokushaya isisu kanye nokushaywa yisifo esincane

Ukushaywa yisisu kuyisifo esiyingozi sokusakaza kwe-cerebral, ngenxa yalokho ukunikezwa kwegazi ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho okuncane noma ngokuphelele. Isimo esinjalo sibangela ukulimala kwezicubu, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokusebenza. Uma kwenzeka ukuphazanyiswa okukhulu ebuchosheni, imiphumela engenakuguqulwa empilweni yomuntu, engekho nje ekukhubazekeni kwakhe kuphela kodwa futhi nangomphumela obulalayo, kungenzeka.

Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwezifo

Kuncike ekutheni inqubo yentuthuko kanye nezimbangela zesifo, ukushaywa kwesifo esibucayi nesischemic. Ukushaywa yingozi, izimpawu zazo ezikhulayo ngokuzumayo, zenzeka ngenxa yokuzibulala kwesisu ebuchosheni. Ukwanda kakhudlwana kokucindezela kwegazi kuholela ekuguquleni kwe-pathogenic ezindongeni zemikhumbi, balahlekelwa amandla nokuqina, angeke usakwazi ukusebenza ngokugcwele njengomqhubi wegazi eliqhubekayo. Ama-Aneurysms avela, okuthi, ngemuva kokuphuka, abangela ukubola kwegazi. Ngokungazelelwe, ukugeleza kwegazi kungena emathinjeni obuchopho, kubangele ukuvuvukala nokucindezela okukhulu. Amaseli afa, alahlekelwe ukusebenza kwawo.

Okuvamile futhi i-akhawunti engaba ngu-80% yazo zonke izimo ze-ischemic stroke. Izimpawu, izimpawu zokuqala kufanele zihlonzwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sochungechunge ihlukile kunezimbangela zegazi. Uhlobo lwe-ischemic lesi sifo lubonakala ngemva kokuphela kokufinyelela kwegazi engxenyeni ethile yobuchopho. Lesi simo sibangelwa ukugubha imithwalo yegazi nge-thrombus noma i-atherosclerotic plaque. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-lipid deposits avela ezindongeni zezimpahla zomzimba womuntu, ezingakha ukuqina okukhulu, ngokukodwa noma ngokuphelele ukuvimba ukugeleza kwegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo ezihlukahlukene zokuvuvukala, izifo ezingenasifo sangasese, ezinye izifo ezingapheli ezifana nesifo sikashukela, izilonda ze-vertebral ziholela ku-vasoconstriction. Umzimba womuntu unesimiso esinamandla sokubuyisela igazi esivumela ukuthi kugcinwe ukujikeleza kwegazi okujwayelekile ngisho nalapho kwenzeka ukunqotshwa komunye wemithi emikhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lwegazi alukwazi ukubhekana nezilonda eziningi ze-vascular kanye nokwakhiwa kwenani elikhulu lama-atherosclerotic plaques.

Izici zengozi

Kunezici ezithile eziyingozi ezikhulisa ingozi yokuhlakulela izibilini zombili zesimikhali nesimiso esibi. Lokhu kufaka:

1. I-atherosclerosis. Isiyingozi kakhulu isifo ngokuphathelene nemithambo ye-carotid ne-vertebral.
2. Ubudala obudala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zonke izicubu zomzimba zilahlekelwa ukusebenza kwazo. Lokhu kusebenza ezitsheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lipid atherosclerotic lipid iqoqa ezindongeni zayo, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwamacwecwe.
3. Isifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu. Lesi simo sikhombisa kokubili ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zesifo se-ischemic kanye nesifo esiyingozi.
4. Sikashukela. Ngaphansi kwethonya lesi sifo esingelapheki, izitsha ziwela futhi ziyeke ukufeza imisebenzi yazo yokunikeza izicubu nezitho ezine-oxygen nezakhi ezithwala ngegazi.
5. Izifo zenhliziyo, ngenxa yalokho inqubo evamile yokujikeleza kwegazi ezinhlotsheni nezicubu ezihlukahlukene zomuntu ziphazamiseka.
6. Imikhuba emibi, njengokubhema nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala.

Izinhlobo nezinkathi zokushaya ischemic

Ukushaywa ischemical of the brain, izimpawu okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi ukwanda izinsuku ezintathu, kungenziwa ngezigaba ezihlukahlukene:

Ngezinga lokubunjwa kwezimpawu ze-neurologic:

1. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Ischemic okudlula isikhathi kuyisifo senhliziyo esibheke kakhulu. Iyanyamalala phakathi nosuku kusukela ngesikhathi sokubonakaliswa kokuqala. Ukuphulwa okunjalo kungaba, isibonelo, ukungaboni kwelanga elilodwa.
2. I-Microinsult iyinhlanganisela yokuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic ende. Kule nkinga, ukukhubazeka kwe-neurologic kubonakala esikhathini esiphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezingu-22.
3. Ukushaya kwesifo. Izimpawu, izimpawu zokuqala ziboniswa ukwanda kwezinkinga zezinzwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kwesimo esinjalo, ukuhlinzwa okuvamile kwezindawo zobuchopho kubuyiselwe ngokuphelele kakhulu.

I-stroke ephelele igcwele ukuguquka okuqhubekayo ebuchosheni nasezinkingeni eziqhubekayo zezinzwa.

Ngokwesilinganiso sokulimala kwezicubu kanye nesimo seziguli, zikhona:

1. Ukushaywa kobuhlungu obunomzimba obuncane nezimpawu ezincane nokusebenza ngokugcwele kobuchopho.
2. Ukushaywa kwesisindo esilinganiselwe kanye nezidakamizwa ezigxile ezicubu zomqondo nobuchopho obubaluleke kakhulu be-neurological. Ukuqaphela iziguli ezinjalo ngokuvamile akuphulwa.
3. Ifomu elibi lokushaya isifo libhekene nokuphulwa kokuqaphela, izimpawu eziveziwe zokulahlekelwa kwezinzwa, ukulahlekelwa okuningi kokusebenza kwezicubu zobuchopho.

Kukhona nezikhathi ezahlukene zesifo. Ngalinye yalezikhathi ezihambayo zihambisana nezimpawu ezithile zesifo kanye nezindlela zokwelapha.

• Isikhathi esinzima kakhulu sithatha izinsuku ezintathu zokuqala kusukela ekuqaleni kwesifo;
• Isikhathi esibucayi sesifo sifika cishe inyanga - kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-28;
• Isikhathi sokuphumula ngokushesha kuthatha cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha empilweni yesiguli;
• Inkathi yokubuyiselwa emuva kwesikhathi ihlala cishe iminyaka emibili;
• Imicimbi ehlala njalo ingaba abangane bomuntu impilo yonke ngemva kokushaywa yisifo.

Uhlangothi olunezifo: izimpawu

Uhlobo lwesifo esiyingozi, ngokungafani ne-ischemic, lubonakala ngokuzumayo. Izimpawu zesifo sokushaya isisu kanye nokushaywa kabuhlungu okusheshayo kukhula ngokushesha, futhi kunesikhathi esincane sokubiza i-ambulensi bese ubuyela umuntu ekuphileni okuvamile. Izibonakaliso eziyinhloko zesifo sofuba zihlanganisa:

• Ubuthakathaka emaphethelweni, ikakhulukazi kubonakala ngakolunye uhlangothi lomzimba;
• Ukuqonda okungalungile kwenkulumo, ukungakwazi ukukhuluma;
• Ukubonakala okungazelelwe kokukhubazeka kombono;
• Ukuphazamiseka kokubambisana, ukunyakaza kwezitho zomzimba;
• Kusobala kwavela ikhanda eliqinile futhi elingenangqondo.

Ngokuvamile isiguli sinokuvinjelwa okungenasidingo, isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Ama-reflexes angama-muscle aphukile ohlangothini olubhekene nalokho okwenzeka khona isisu.

Izimpawu zesifo socwaningo lwe-ischemic

Izibonakaliso zesifo sokubulala ischemic zingakhula kancane kancane, kunokubonakalisa ngokuzumayo, njengendlela yesifo esiyingozi. Izimpawu zokuqala zengozi zixhomeke endaweni yengqondo, ukusabalalisa okwakunzima. Uhlobo lwesifo se-ischemic esivame ukwedlula zonke lubonakala ngezinkinga zokukhuluma. Zonke izimpawu zesifo sokushaya isisu kanye nesifo sokushaywa umoya ezincane zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu:

1. Izinkinga zokukhuluma. Umuntu akaqapheli inkulumo ebhekiswe kuye, akakwazi ukuveza imicabango yakhe ngamazwi. Ukubiza amagama kuhlahloka, inkulumo yesiguli ayinakuqondakala futhi ayihambisani. Ngokuvamile, ukukhathazeka kwenkulumo yizona zimpawu zokuqala zokushaywa yisifo kwabesifazane.
2. Izinkinga zokuhamba. Ukunyakaza kwesiguli kubuthakathaka, ukusebenzisana kuphukile. Izimpawu ngokuvamile zithinta elinye lamacala omzimba. Kungase kube nezinkinga ngokugwinya. Ngokuvamile ukuzwela komzimba ngakolunye uhlangothi kuphazamiseka.
3. Izifo ze-Vestibular. Isiguli sigxuma ngokujikeleza kwezinto phambi kwamehlo, ukulahlekelwa ukuma kwendawo.
4. Ukuphazanyiswa okubonakalayo. Ukushaywa ischemical kubonakala ngokulahlekelwa okuphelele noma okuncane kweso elilodwa, umbono obonakalayo kanye nombono ongenalutho.
5. Ukukhathazeka komuntu. Isiguli asikwazi ukwenza izenzo ezijwayelekile, inkumbulo yakhe kanye nokubona izenzakalo ziphukile.

Ngesikhathi isifo sochungechunge lwe-ischemic, u-ikhanda luvame ukuvela, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza. Izimpawu ezivamile zesifo sokushaya isisu nokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo kungase kwenzeke - ukubuyisa ubuso, ukungasebenzi kahle ekuphefumuleni, enhliziyweni.

Izifo

Ukuze ulondoloze impilo nempilo yomuntu oye waba nesifo sohlangothi, udinga usizo ngokushesha. Uma kungenjalo, izinguquko ezingenakuguqulwa zingenzeka ezinhlobonhlobo zobuchopho, okuholela ekuphazamiseni okukhulu kwegazi. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezihlobene nokushaywa komzimba futhi ufune usizo. Uma kukhona ukungabaza, ungacela isiguli ukuthatha izinyathelo eziningana:

1. Buza lowo muntu ukuba amomotheka. Yenzani komunye umuntu owayene-stroke, kunzima. Ukumomotheka kubonakala kuphelile, izingxenyana zomlomo zifana nokulinganisa. Omunye wabo unciphisa phansi.
2. Mema lowo muntu ukuba aphakamise izandla zombili. Uma kukhona isisu, isandla esisodwa sizoyeka ngaphansi kwesinye.
3. Cela isiguli ukuthi sithi inkulumo elula. Kuyoba nzima ngomuntu ukwenza lokhu, ngisho nemisho yamagama amathathu noma amane ayoba engafani.
4. Uma isiguli sigxila ulimi lwakhe, siyosuswa, skewed.

Konke lokhu - izimpawu zesifo sokushaya isisu kanye nesifo esiwumshayabhuqe, esikuvumela ukuba usolise lesi sifo, ngisho nomuntu ongenalutho nomuthi. Odokotela baphinde bathola ukuthi isisekelo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukwehluka ekuziphatheni komuntu, idatha evela ezifundweni ezihlukahlukene. Okuyinhloko kukhona ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele kanye nokuphikisana kwegazi, ukulinganisa kwegazi, ikhomphyutha kanye ne-tomography magnetic yobuchopho.

Usizo lokuqala

Ochwepheshe emkhakheni wezinzwa ze-neurosurgery bakholelwa ukuthi ukubuyisela umuntu oye waba nesifo sokushaya ukuphila okugcwele kungaba uma usizo luqala ukuhlinzekwa kungakapheli amahora amathathu kusukela ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, okungukuthi, isikhathi lapho izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sokushaya isisu kanye nesifo sohlangothi ezincane kwenzeka khona. Kwezinye izimo, lesi sikhathi sanda emahoreni angu-6. Uma usizo seluphuzile, kunomqondo ophezulu wokushintsha okungenakuguqulwa ebuchosheni, obusongela impilo kuphela, kodwa nokuphila kwesiguli. Ngakho-ke, usizo oluphuthumayo oluzungezile abantu abanochoko kufanele luqale ngocingo oluphuthumayo. Khona-ke ungabeka isiguli, uphakamise ikhanda lakhe kancane emithonjeni. Kubalulekile ukuvula iwindi, unikeze ukufinyelela emoyeni omusha. Kubalulekile ukuphumula izintambo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinkinobho ezivimbela umuntu ekuphefumuleni ngokukhululekile. Endabeni yokwanda kwengcindezi yegazi, unganikeza isiguli lawo madakamizwa ayithatha. Ngokuvamile ngesikhathi sokushaywa komuntu umuntu uqala ukuhlanza. Kulesi simo, kufanele kubekwe eceleni kwayo ukuze ugweme ingress yokuhlanza emphinjeni.

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi

Amaqhinga okuphatha isifo esinqunyiwe ancike esikhathini esaphuma kusukela ekuqaleni kwesifo, isimo sesiguli kanye nobukhulu bokuhlaselwa. Izindlela zokwelapha nezokuhlinzwa zisetshenziswa. Uma isikhathi esincane sesiphelile kusukela ekuqaleni kokushaywa, isilungiselelo esikhethekile sokuqothula i-thrombus senziwa. Kungabuye kususwe ngokuhlinzwa. Endabeni yesifo esiyingozi, okubangelwa ukubola kwesifo sofuba, nokwakhiwa kwe-hematoma, lesi sidakamizwa sidinga ukususwa. Lezi zinyathelo zikuvumela ukuba ubuyekeze ngokushesha ukujikeleza kwegazi ezindaweni ezithintekile futhi unciphise izinkinga ezingenzeka. Ukwelashwa kwesifo sokushaya isifo ukuhlinzeka lezozinto ezibalulekile ezilahlekile ngenxa yokuhlaselwa. Kubalulekile ukugcina ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokuphefumula kwesiguli, ukuqinisekisa izinga elijwayelekile le-glucose kanye ne-electrolytes egazini. Ngosizo lwezidakamizwa ezikhethekile, ukucindezelwa kwegazi kulungiswa. Izinga layo lishiywe phezulu, ngoba ukwehla okusheshayo kungabangela i-necrosis yezicubu.

Phakathi nesikhathi sokutakula, ukwelashwa kuthunyelwe ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi wobuchopho, ukukhokhela izifo ze-neurological. Izimpawu zabo ngemuva kokushaya isifo zingaphikelela isikhathi eside. Iziguli zibeka izidakamizwa ezithuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi. Indima enkulu inikezwa ku-physiotherapy, izifundo nge-therapist yezinkulumo. Uma isimo sesiguli sivumela, umsebenzi omncane wezimoto ungaqaliswa kakade ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokubhedlela. Ngaphambilini ukwelashwa kokubuyiswa kuqalisiwe, amathuba amaningi okubuyiswa okuphezulu kwemisebenzi yobuchopho. Isiguli kufanele futhi siphathwe yi-ophthalmologist.

Imiphumela yalesi sifo

Esikhathini ngasinye, kungase kube nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene kumuntu oye wahlaselwa isifo. Izimpawu nemiphumela azibonakali nje ngokuqina kwesifo ngokwayo, kodwa futhi ngesikhathi lapho lowo muntu anikezwa khona usizo lokuqala, kanye nokwaziswa kwendawo ye-circulation blood circulation. Into eyingozi kunazo zonke yi-stroke ebangela ukulimala ezindaweni zokuphefumula nezokuxhaphaza. Kulokhu, kungenzeka ukuthi umphumela obulalayo ungumphumela wokubopha inhliziyo noma ukuyeka umsebenzi wokuphefumula. Iziguli zingaba ne-paresis egcwele noma eyingxenye yemilenze ngayinye noma ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba, ngokuvamile okuphambene nokugxila kwesifo. Ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo, ukulahlekelwa kwememori kuvamile, kufaka phakathi izinkinga zememori yesikhashana. Umuntu akakwazi ukubhala kahle futhi aqondise ukunyakaza kwawo. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuphazamiseka kuhlotshaniswa nesifo esithile esenzeka ku-cerebellum.

Umthelela emiphumeleni yokushaywa komzimba nakho kuthinteka yi-hemisphere ethintekile. Abantu abanenkinga yokujikeleza e- hemisphere engakwesokunxele bahlushwa izinguquko ezibonakalayo ezinkomba zengqondo. Banezinkinga ezinkulu ekukhulumeni kwenkulumo. Ukuqonda i-interlocutor, abakwazi ngisho nokubiza imishwana elula. Kulesi simo, kulabo abaye bahlaselwa isifo sokushaya indawo endaweni yangakwesobunxele, imisebenzi yemoto ibuyiselwa ngokushesha.

Ukuvimbela isifo

Ukuvimbela ukushaywa komzimba kuhlobene eduze nokulwa nesifo sofuba. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole njalo izinga le-cholesterol egazini, uqaphele ukudla okunqunywe udokotela, uthathe izidakamizwa ezivimbela ukufakwa kwamapulangwe ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi. Abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ubudala kumele banakekele kakhulu isimo sabo sempilo. Ukushaywa yisisu, izimbangela, izimpawu zazo ezihlobene nokuqhathaniswa ngokweqile, kungaholela ekucindezeni kwegazi nokuvela kwesifo sikashukela. Ukunciphisa ingozi yezifo kungasiza ukuyeka ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala. Ngaphansi kokulawulwa okukhethekile, umuntu kufanele agcine izifo eziholela ekubunjweni kwe-thromboses. Ingxenye enamandla yesintu isengozini yokushaywa isifo kunabesifazane. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu zokushaywa komzimba emadodeni, ngisho nokucacile, azikwazi ukunakwa. Indlela yokuphila enempilo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo yomuntu nokuphathwa kokucindezeleka kuyokwehlisa kakhulu ingozi yokushaya isifo.