Isikhumbuzo ukuze Ivanu Groznomu: incazelo, umlando kanye ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Ivan Grozny - sibalo kunalokho impikiswano emlandweni wombuso wethu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lo mbusi abanekhono, owaleli wemibono, sezombusazwe obuhlakani umlobi abanamakhono. Ngakolunye - a misogynist, isidlova esasibizwa futhi synoubiytsa. Kuze kube yilesi sikhathi ubunikazi u-Ivan IV elathunjwa kuphela imidwebo kanye eziqoshiwe abaculi abadumile. Kodwa kwakukhona umbono ukumisa isikhumbuzo Ivanu Groznomu eRussia eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Yini laphuma Kulona, sifunda ku.

Ukubukeka Ivana Groznogo

Emithonjeni ebhaliwe ukuthi behlele izinsuku zethu, akunakwenzeka ukuba yahlulele ukubonakala Tsar wokuqala Russian. Bakhuluma kuphela jikelele - ubude, amehlo ejulile isethi kanye sibalo shapely. Sonke khumbula bagongobaliswe umuntu omdala kanye Umdwebo Vasnetsov "Ivan Grozny ubulala indodana yakhe." Kodwa ngakho-ke umele umculi ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, futhi lo mbusi ukuthi isithombe akuhlangene.

UMbuso Russian Museum Petersburg igcinwe lethusi ebaziwe Ivana Groznogo, eyenziwe umculi Mark Matveevich Antakolskim. Wenziwe ngokunembile kakhulu kulawo izincazelo, okuyinto babaziwa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Isikhumbuzo ukuze Ivanu Groznomu kumele kube eqondile kakhulu, kungenjalo ukudlulisela ukubaluleka inzalo ka isithombe zomlando?

Kuphela phakathi nekhulu le-Athazeksesi, ososayensi M. M. Gerasimovym lavuselelwa ithopholoji yezinsalela yombusi i kwesidumbu.

Umqondo wokuqala ukuze kwakhiwe lesikhumbuzo

Edolobheni Lyubimov Yaroslavl esifundeni kwadingeka umbono ukwakha lesikhumbuzo lokuqala Ivanu Groznomu. Indaba esidabukisayo yakhe. Ngo-2005, iziphathimandla zakhona zazingathi ukulungele lelisu iphrojekthi nokuvumela izindleko ezifana wangenela uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Yaroslavl esifundeni. Wancenga kumshushisi womphakathi kanye nokuhlolwa federal nesicelo ukuvimbela ukwakhiwa lesikhumbuzo, kusukela isithombe ku-internet Ivana Groznogo lihlotshaniswa ubudlova phakathi abahlali nokuqina futhi kungathinta eziya ziba zimbi ka isimo ubugebengu. Kungani izakhamuzi edolobheni elincane, ubhekisisa le Tsar lokuqala isiRashiya, ngeke zisaba ukubulala nokudlwengula, akwaziwa. Kodwa abaphathi abaphezulu lalethukile ka ngemiphumela, futhi ukumisa le phrojekthi.

Ingabe wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani kuze kube manje kwakungekho lesikhumbuzo ukuze inkosi enkulu? Kungani ukufakwa lesikhumbuzo Ivanu Groznomu ngesiRashiya - is umbono ukuthi kwavela eminyakeni embalwa nje edlule? Futhi ingxoxo ngale ndaba ayizange iwe buthule. Ingxenye isifiso bomphakathi ukubona ubuso inkosi yokuqala, kuyilapho ezinye eveza yayo categorical "akekho."

Ivan Grozny futhi lesikhumbuzo "Millenium Russia"

Omunye njalo kunazo wabuza imibuzo Veliky Novgorod: kungani lesikhumbuzo "Millenium Russia" akuyona Ivana Groznogo? Ngempela, le ebaziwe - samuntu wonke ubukhulu, okuyinto kwafinyelela amaqhawe Russian Empire. Lowo mdwebo izibalo kusukela esikhathini ehlukene: omkhulu amakhosi, ososayensi, othisha, abalobi, abaholi bezempi namaqhawe. Ingabe Ivan Grozny akufanele ukuba belingana nabo? isimanga nakakhulu ukuthi uyise ka-Ivan IV - Ivan Iii phezu kwetshe lesikhumbuzo khona. Impendulo yale mibuzo itholakala izenzakalo ezenzeka 1570.

Novgorod futhi oprichnina

Ngo-1569, iqembu abantu Novgorod ngaphansi kokuqondisa ezingcolile futhi Skuratov wakha nozungu wokuvelela emelene lenkosi, inhloso okwakunzima ukususa kuye livela esihlalweni sobukhosi. isikhathi esibi ibhodi kwaba ezingacacile, yonke indawo - iziza nemizamo kokubulawa. Futhi inkosi yathola ngakho. Kodwa akazange akhiphe ngokushesha izigilamkhuba, futhi uqobo baya Novgorod futhi wenza "esigodlweni", zabulala zonke izicukuthwane komuzi. Inkosi sebebulawa phambi kwabantu futhi abangobhongoza futhi wonke owayehlangene lokhu. Futhi amasu ukubulala babenonya kakhulu, kuthinta abesifazane, izingane nasebekhulile. Ukufutheka kwenkosi wamshaya hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi Novgorod Elikhulu, kodwa futhi ezigodlweni ezungeze idolobha. Orgy yathatha isikhathi eside amasonto ayisithupha. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, idolobha yaba mpofu. It ilahlekelwe ukubaluleka yayo yangaphambili njengoba ndawo yezohwebo futhi empilweni yamasiko. Ngemva kwalezi zenzakalo eziyinhlekelele Novgorod sikuthathe njengoba okukhulu; masingesulwa isono inkosi yakhe zokubulala abaningi.

Kungenzeka yini ukuba bathethelele unya senkosi?

Yini okuyoba kuhle utho Grozny, abantu ngeke bakwazi ukukhumbula njalo kuye kuphela ezimbi. Lena kakade okushiwo umuntu womuntu. Kungani Akekho okhumbulayo ukuthi ngokusebenzisa Grozny wahlala amakhulu, ngoba ukube bekungengenxa ye isandla wakhe owaziwayo, izwe ngabe kufanele shí internecine izimpi, noma ngabe baphanga omakhelwane enamandla? Uma kungenjalo setingucuko yakhe futhi ngokunqoba lempi, besingeke sibe khona ukuchuma eminyakeni ezayo. Kodwa namanje ambalwa impumelelo egqwalile kwimemori kulabo ababengabafo abangamaqhawe, ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe, futhi labo ehlanganiswa izenzakalo zomlando.

Ake ukhumbule ukuthi yayinjani isikhathi imithetho yenkosi. Kwakuwusuku Yobumnyama, nokuvukela lonke, aqothule nobumpofu. Umama nomfazi wokuqala bangenwa ubuthi uMbusi yena liye lasinda kwemizamo eminingana kokubulawa. Ivanu Groznomu kwadingeka alwe izindlela nolaka, kumane ngoba ngaleso sikhathi kwakushunyayelwa kucabangela abantu. Izisulu zobudlova waqala, okungenani 10 ayizinkulungwane izakhamuzi Russian. Kodwa ungakwazi ahlulele ke ngaphandle kokwazi isimo wangempela sikhathi. Futhi uma kukhethwa kwaba? Mhlawumbe hhayi, ikakhulukazi uma sihlaziya imisebenzi ezinye amakhosi amanye amazwe, owabusa emhlabeni ngesikhathi esifanayo.

nakho-European

EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani maphakathi nawo wangekhulu le-16, izikhathi kwakungezona engcono. Lilodwa St noBartolomewu asikhumbule izizukulwane ezizayo njengesibonelo yonya nobudlova obenziwa ngamabomu. Abahleli yokukhipha esabekayo kwaba French Korol Karl IX nonina Ekaterina Medichi. Infidels ayalwa ukubulala futhi bashise ngqo emizini yabo lapho phakathi kobusuku. Ngalolusuku ezimbi wabulala ayizinkulungwane 30 abantu, futhi izikhathi eziningana ezingaphezu kuka babulawa Ivanom Groznym kule minyaka eyishumi nanye wokubusa kwakhe.

Lo mbhikisho ongumlimi eJalimane eminyakeni 1524-1526 zabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-100 eziyinkulungwane. Ngisho abaningi eyalele ukuba kubulawe Dutch iNkosana Yase-Alba, futhi iningi labantu abasinde zimane zixoshwa ezweni. izenzo Ngakho Kubi nalemvelaphi ukuthi ayibukeki kwethusa.

Ivan Grozny nomuzi orel

Lo nyaka we-idolobha eliseduze koMfula Oka sigubha iminyaka engu yayo 450th. Ngo 1566th ngemiyalo yezikhulu Ivana Groznogo itshe lokuqala sabekwa lapha, okuyinto waba unyaka okwazalwa ngawo settlement ezincane, okuyinto wakhula usuka ekubeni idolobha elihle futhi ihlanzekile. Ukuze kuhlonishwe lo mcimbi, izishoshovu zendawo baye basikisela ukumisa isikhumbuzo Ivanu Groznomu e orel. Ngokusho iziphathimandla, imali lesikhumbuzo lalinikelwe amabhizinisi endawo, futhi isabelomali awuzange wachitha ngisho nesenti.

Itshe lesikhumbuzo entsha bekumele livulwe Agasti 3, 2016 ngesikhathi ukugubha uSuku Lokhozi. Kodwa abantu wenza rally yangempela, kanye mcimbi umhlaka-16 Septhemba. Umklamo lesikhumbuzo Ivanu Groznomu e orel sasekelwa Umbhishobhi omkhulu eMoscow All Russia Kirill. Umbusi, ngokusekelwa ezinjalo abantu okusezingeni eliphezulu wayala ukusebenza Okugweda eziyisithupha.

Ku-akhawunti ku-internet Ivana Groznogo - 155 esekelwe ku Nimes. Akukhona kuphela Eagle, kodwa futhi anjalo izikhungo ezinkulu labantu njengoba Ufa kanye Cheboksary. Futhi khumbula uludinga. Lokhu owabonakaliswa obala wamemezela inzalamizi, eyayifuna immortalize inkumbulo inkosi yokuqala lethusi.

Tingcoco lesikhumbuzo Ivanu Groznomu

Izakhamuzi eziningi kakhulu phikisana kungani lesikhumbuzo Eagle Ivanu Groznomu. Ngokumelene naye ashiwo izishoshovu yamabhayisikobho sendawo (isikwele eduze esigodlweni isiko kumele ungowesilisa ukubukeka inkosi), i-Liberals beqembu wendawo "Yabloko", kanye US Air Force Channel. Soulmates zimunye amaqembu, ukudala imiphakathi zokuxhumana, lokwenza abantu. Umbusi kunzima ukuba axazulule le nkinga, egcizelela ukuthi ngaleyo ndlela zivalelise Ivanu Groznomu njengoba ubuntu zomlando, umsunguli waleli dolobha, hhayi nje ngomashiqela wezimpi ezalandela. Mhlawumbe lokhu lesikhumbuzo e orel kuyoba kahle kuqala futhi balindele ukuthi kuzoba khona lesikhumbuzo Ivanu Groznomu e Moscow, akudingekile, futhi uzuze ngokwengeziwe.

Isiboniso sesikhumbuzo ku uVladimir

Njengoba kwabika i-iziphathimandla uVladimir esifundeni, 6 Agasti 2016 itshe ukufakwa omunye lesikhumbuzo of Ivanu Groznomu. Kuzobakhuthaza elise phambi sokuhlala kwakhe kwi-Alexander isiphetho ukuthi uVladimir esifundeni. Le phrojekthi isikhumbuzo imitha emithathu idale Vasiliem Selivanovym futhi uzolunga ngo-November. Ukuvulwa kuhlelelwe National Unity Day.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Alexander Sloboda kwaba yokuhlala Ivan le Kubi e nezikhathi ezigcwele izinkinga eziningi. Kukulo muzi lapho waphothula ubunye bezwe wavula ikhaya lakhe ukuthi unento efana ne-dolobha. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, ngokuba wayehlala lapha nomndeni wakhe futhi izifundo. isakhiwo Ezinhle kwakhiwa noyise Ivan elaklanywa okungcono izingcweti isiRashiya Italy ababekwa ukwakha eMoscow Kremlin.

Ngo-Alexander ezibiyele konke emihlanganweni zokubonisana izithunywa Sweden, Denmark, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Kuyinto lapha washukumisela lo mbusi ukuba alwe ka Novgorod khulula futhi kulapha, ngokusho legend, ukuthi kabuhlungu wabulala indodana Tsar wokuqala Russian. Ngakho kunethemba ukuthi lesikhumbuzo kuyoba Ivanu Groznomu, uma hhayi orel, okungenani ngo Aleksandrov.