Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke eCrimea inqaba

Ngokuqinisekile wonke umuntu waphawula ukuthi akukho ndawo ngakho ngokucijile futhi ngokucacile engazizwa kwesikhathi, njengoba e izinqaba isigamu-zonakale - ofakazi enkazimulweni esidlule, kanye nobuhle. On obuncane umhlaba, cishe ngokuphelele sizungezwe namanzi aluhlaza kolwandle, eCrimea nhlonhlo, ungathola inani Amazing of izinqaba kusukela esikhathini ehlukene. Ezinye zazo manje zisesimweni esihle futhi siqhubeke mangaza ne ubuhle awo amakhulu, abanye lizoba imvithi. Futhi singakwazi ukufuna ukuvunyelwa kuphela ukuqagela ukuthi ezani, abayikho ngempela. Nokho, kukhona kukhona enifana esihlanganisa zonke izinqaba eCrimea. Lena eziyizungezile emangalisayo: ezintabeni ebabazekayo, nokuntula izimila izimbali, isibhakabhaka oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye umkhathizwe omangalisayo.

ifa zomlando eCrimea

Lokhu nhlonhlo emangalisayo ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene khona kwaba phansi kwesandla ezifundazweni ezihlukahlukene, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ahlukene. Yingakho eCrimea inqaba zihluke kakhulu nomunye. Kukhona Muslim endala kakhulu, isitayela yamaGreki, futhi ephakathi-European, futhi bamaJuda nokukhipha kwakhe. Minyaka yonke izinkulungwane zezihambeli ziyafika lapha ukuze amanxiwa izikhumbuzo lasendulo, ukuhamba emuva esikhathini futhi ithintane umlando.

eChersonese

Le nqaba ngokuthi Russian Troy. Itholakala ngasemzini Sevastopol. Abavubukuli bakholelwa ukuthi eminyakeni Chersones ezingaphezu kuka-2000. It yasungulwa ngo 5 Ekhulwini BC futhi yayikhona kuze ngekhulu le-15, enkathini entsha. Le nqaba wakhonza njenge-reference iphuzu embusweni ePhontu, bese eRoma lasendulo futhi waseByzantium. Kusukela ngamunye ababusi eChersonese wayefuna ukwenza idolobha ezinezivikelo eziqinile kakhudlwana futhi ungenakunqotshwa, Ephakathi by ukuphakama okuvimbezela safinyelela 5 amamitha, ububanzi - 4 m, futhi ubude - 3 km.

Ikakhulukazi okuphawulekayo yilokho ukwakhiwa zemibhoshongo Flanking Zeno, omunye wabanikazi lokuqala enqabeni. Kuze siye safinyelela weshashalazi lasendulo, okuyinto nguye kuphela ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, futhi nje endaweni yomphakathi ephakathi - esigcawini futhi sonto e Basilica (medieval ibandla lika Krestu). Ekupheleni inqaba kwekhulu lama-20 of eChersonese kwathiwa afakwe UNESCO njengomunye wezinye 100 izikhumbuzo esivelele kunazo zonke empucukweni yomhlaba.

inqaba Calamita

Eyokuqala itshe isisekelo sale izakhiwo ngokubabazekayo babekwa amaGreki ekhulwini VI esizeni emzini Inkerman. I inqaba Yakhiwa ukuvikela eChersonese. Ngo Calamita indawo enhle kakhulu. It ivikelwe nxazonke izitha nabanakekeli yemvelo - amawa. Indawo efanayo futhi unezinye eCrimea inqaba. Ukuze ivikeleke elibazungezile ngokuvamile ukwakha udonga wemba umsele.

Namuhla, kusukela ngobukhulu bawo zakuqala amanxiwa kuphela. Nokho, basinika umbono walokho kwaba inqaba ezinsukwini inkazimulo yayo. Ngaphansi Kalamita ungabona sezindela emhumeni. Anakho amabili eminyaka ezingaphansi kuka enqabeni uqobo. NgeNkathi Ephakathi Calamita yayingaphansi le ubukhulu ka Theodoro, ukuvikela echwebeni Avlita isitha esivela ngaphandle. Okwesikhathi esithile lo muzi-inqaba kwaba ichweba elikhulu le ubukhulu, okuyinto emva kokuwa, wawa phansi kwesandla we Genoese, abaseTurkey, AmaTatar.

Aluston

Njengokunye Fort eCrimea Aluston ke uyasinda namuhla cishe ngokuphelele sekonakele. Itholakala maphakathi Alushta, kuhlanganise nezindlu zokuhlala. Le nqaba kanye Calamita, yakhiwa kuleli 6th AD leminyaka, ngesikhathi ekufuna kombusi WaseByzantium uJustinian I. kwamvikela abantu bendawo kusukela abayimizulane. NgeNkathi Ephakathi inqaba uhlaselwe le Genoese, wawuthabatha, eyakhiwa kabusha ngendlela yakhe. Phakathi nekhulu le-15 lachithwa Aluston ayethathe abaseTurkey. Ngemva kwalokho, le nqaba is ayisekho walulama. Esikhathini 90 ngasekupheleni kwekhulu elidlule neziphathimandla Ukrainian emboniselweni eyakhelwe sibhedlela zomnyango. Namuhla kusuka kwakukhona round eyodwa kuphela umbhoshongo Ashagi Kul.

Medieval eCrimea inqaba

Emakhulwini eminyaka 12-14, le nhlonhlo ivame ukubizwa bahlaselwa Genoese. Lokho abayikho abakhi wezinqaba ephakathi. By endleleni, endaweni umsebenzi, ngokuvamile wakhetha emanxiweni amadolobha. Genoese YaseCrimea ithemba isazela kule ndaba. Phakathi yesimanje Alushta futhi Gurzuf nezinqaba eziningana Ephakathi yayakhiwe. Lapho bahlaselwa Khazars balishabalalisa cishe ngokuphelele ekhulwini VIII ku Gorzouvites inqaba. Nokho, bahamba ngomkhumbi baya inhlonhlo ye Genoese endaweni efanayo wakha elinye castle, kodwa isitayela iMedithera.

I inqaba Genoese e Sudak

It has izindawo emangalisayo futhi umlando wasendulo. Esikhundleni salo, izakhiwo sokuqala kwaqala ngonyaka 5-6 eminyaka, ngokuqondile ngesikhathi lapho ababusi baseByzantium unamandla ngaphezu kuka enhlonhlweni eCrimea. inqaba Genoese, izithombe ongawabona esihlokweni, lakhiwa kamuva, sengifikile kulesi siqhingi amaNtaliyane. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwethu ukuze sisindise abanye izinqaba zayo. Namuhla kuvame elibamba ezihlukahlukene imikhosi, okuyinto edonsela endaweni notshwala enkulu izivakashi kulezi zingxenye.

Funa

Igama lalesi castle lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu ngesiGreki ngokuthi "kushunqe". Funa inqaba eCrimea futhi itholakala Alushta - esigodini le Demerdzhi entabeni. Wayedlala indima eliqaphile empumalanga futhi lwangisiza ngokuba inqaba Aluston. Funa kubaluleke ngokukhethekile abahlala Alushta, futhi eCrimea iyonke. Inganekwane ethile ithi lapha wangcwatshwa omunye queens ngomumo. Kuthiwa langa limbe elele ebhokisini lokungcwaba enomqhele wegolide elihle ekhanda layo. Yiqiniso, abaningi iphupho ukuyithola phakathi amanxiwa enqabeni, nokho ukuthungathwa kwabantu bekulokhu kude kangaka iyize.

ukubusa WaseTurkey

Yeni Kale lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu Turkish ngokuthi "inqaba entsha". Liyophuma emadwaleni ogwini Strait of Kerch. Umbhali lwesakhiwo lwase i-Italian wezakhiwo Goloppo. Kuthiwa waguqula yokholo lwakhe lobuKristu Islam, eziningi kangaka ukubona "wesandla" yakhe umzila asempumalanga. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwathiwa elise ngaphakathi ikampu inqaba. Lalinama kubantu abayinkulungwane. Kusukela 1771 abaseTurkey matasa inqaba walinika eRussia, futhi ekupheleni kowezi-2000, lapho kwatholakala a inqolobane 77 igolide. Yeni-Kale - edume kunazo enhlonhlweni le nqaba Turkish. ECrimea, yebo, nabo ababa nezikhathi kanzima phakathi nokubusa WaseTurkey. Nokho, ngemva kokuhamba abaseTurkey endaweni babe inqaba enhle, okuyinto namuhla phakathi best ezikhangayo zendawo.

isiphetho

Kuyinto kuphela iqembu elincane izinqaba ezakhiwa nge amakhosi ezahlukene yonke le nhlonhlo. Yingakho ezakhiwe kabanzi ngakho. Lokhu kuyabonakala noma ngokusebenzisa emanxiweni.