100 izincwadi best of sonke isikhathi

kwakhiwa izincwadi Umhlaba is efeni amashumi ezinkulungwane ezincwadi zonke. Funda okuqukethwe ngamunye wabo - into engenakwenzeka ngisho bokuhlela. Ongoti bathole ukuthi phezu nokuphila komuntu uyakwazi ukufunda hhayi ningi than izincwadi eziyinkulungwane, kuhlanganise nezincwadi zesayensi. Musa ukuchitha isikhathi sakho ku ibhizinisi lingenamuntu futhi shockers, bese kutsi utakujabulela kufundza letihloko lezi yobuciko. Yenza uhlu lwezincwadi 100 phezulu sonke isikhathi bese bethola abalobi enkulu nemibono labo laphakade.

Ukuhlobana izincwadi zasendulo

omagazini American ngokuvamile akha izilinganiso the best amabhayisikobho, imidlalo kanye nezincwadi. Ochwepheshe acabangele okuthandwa lomuntu ngamunye futhi ethola imiphumela umxhwele romance, abagxeki futhi umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela.

Amabili inkondlo enkulu ebhalwe Homer ku-8 leminyaka BC, okubangelwa isithakazelo abafundi, ngisho kwamanje. "The Odyssey" - inganekwane mayelana adventures Odysseus, owayeyisiboshwa we Nymph Calypso iminyaka eyishumi, bese sibuyela ekhaya ngobuqili. Wenzé uhambo eziyisishiyagalolunye: wavakashela le-lotus-izidla futhi Cyclopes, esiqhingini Aeolus, Ogres babe, Enchantress Circe, ku abafileyo, kusukela kwakhala, phakathi Scylla futhi Charybdis, esiqhingini Helios.

Ohlwini "izincwadi 100 best of sonke isikhathi" endaweni yesishiyagalombili nge "Odyssey" kuyinto "Iliad." Lokhu yeqhawe nobuqhawe mayelana nempi phakathi kaTroy Sparta. Instigator kokungqubuzana kwaba Queen Helena ukuthi Paris wayezebile ngosizo Aphrodite. Inkondlo livela Odysseus yena: ifika up ukwakhiwa zokhuni iThrojani ihhashi, lapho amasosha afihle ebusuku futhi ezohlasela umuzi.

Kungani zonke uthando UTolstoy?

Isikhova i-great umbhali Russian we Leo kwekhulu le-19 esaziwa ngokuthi umsunguli we amaqhawe "Impi Nokuthula". Kwaba lo msebenzi kuvula uhlu lwezincwadi 100 best of sonke isikhathi, ngokuvumelana i-Newsweek. Le noveli liqukethe amavolumu ezine, lapho kukhona angaphezu kwenkulungwane Amakhasi, kodwa lesi sibalo akusho okwesabisa abathandi izincwadi. UTolstoy busuka elandisayo yale izinhlamvu ezingaphezu kuka 500, owayevelele kubo - umndeni Rostov futhi Bolkonsky. Esikhathini inoveli, wonke umuntu uzothola okuthile izikhathi ezithakazelisayo: incazelo impi kwezahlakalo impi, besina wokuziphilisa, izindaba uthando nokukhaphela.

"U-Anna Karenina" - izincwadi yesibili owaziwa UTolstoy, eye wathola indawo uhlu umagazini i-Newsweek ne-BBC. Kususelwa kule noveli wathwebula mayelana amathathu amafilimu emhlabeni wonke. Iyini imfihlo yale impumelelo? UTolstoy ubonisa owesifazane yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye-ejwayelekile abampofu wanikezwa emshadweni ngaphandle uthando futhi baphoqwa ukuba ukufuna ingcebo yakhe kwenye indawo.

ifa kaShakespeare

Igama imbongi omkhulu English wemidlalo Yenguquko uvele sohlelo "izincwadi 100 best of sonke isikhathi" izikhathi ezine. Uhlu kuhlanganisa le nhlekelele "Hamlet," "iNkosi Lear", "Othello" futhi iqoqo sonnets. Okuxakayo ukuthi la yobuciko esankondlo nezinye abalobi ezingafakwanga ohlwini.

Ingxabano lomcoka izigemegeme ezenzeka kaShakespeare - ngxabano okuphakade phakathi kokuhle nokubi. Umbhali ngobuciko kudala izithombe emihle nemibi heroes. Ngo Shakespeare alifundisi umfundi, futhi ufuna ukukhombisa izakhiwo zangempela ngokujulile ukwakheka komuntu.

Abantu ningaweli emncintiswaneni, uhlanga ihlukaniswe abantu kanye nezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi abantu ...

Muva nje, i-US ezikoleni waqala abeke imingcele encwadini. Nokho, umphumela uyoba imisebenzi ukuze silwe nokucwasa uhlu lwezincwadi 100 best of sonke isikhathi, abameleli ukunyakaza social bakholelwa ukuthi izingane lokho akusho ukuthi bahlanganise le nkinga.

Kuze kube muva nje, umlobi Harper Lee inoveli "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird" ngenjabulo ufunde indlela intsha eziphatha ezikoleni eziningi e-US, kodwa namuhla cwaningo yayo ubuzwa. Incwadi liyakhuluma ngokuphela imisebenzi ummeli Atticus Finch, owalwela Negro. Ompofu kwaba yisisulu: yayenga elinsundu intombazane. Ubaba wambamba oqotsheni futhi yashaywa kabuhlungu, futhi icala chasiselwe Negro. Atticus Wangifulathelisela izitha, kodwa aluzange luphele ukuze siyeke iqiniso futhi belwela ke kuze kube sekupheleni, okubonisa ubumsulwa umfana omnyama.

"Indoda Invisible" Inoveli Ralph Ellison sika lisitshela ngesimo esiyingozi ama-Negro, ohlala Melika. Le nsizwa uphoqelekile ukuba zihlale Ukuzula yakhe, ugweme ukuba yisisulu sokucwaswa.

"Lolita". Ukuvuma izono ngokukhululeka nangokusuka wombhali

imibono Ezivelele Vladimira Nabokova sinqatshiwe eSoviet Union, ngakho umbhali kwenziwe imisebenzi kwamanye amazwe. noveli yodumo "Lolita" Kulotshweni English eshicilelwe ngo-1955 e-Paris, futhi kamuva amahlanu wajoyina uhlu "izincwadi 100 best of sonke isikhathi." Nabokov wayesaba ukuthi inoveli akusho ukuthi kungani yena wazama ushise inguqulo yokuqala, kodwa nomkakhe ababesindise kulowo mbhalo wesandla.

Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu uvinjelwe incwadi kuze kube manje. Izazi zithi kuba inkulumo ukunukubezwa, njengoba abalingiswa abasemqoka yencwadi - ezingamashumi amane Humbert Humbert futhi intombazane eneminyaka engu nambili ubudala - babe yezinye isifiso ngasinye lokubakhonza ngezokwenyama. Zokusondelana Bheka, indoda ishada nonina, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ushayiswe yimoto.

Umfana nge yesibazi kuyalinqoba izwe

umbhali waseBrithani Dzhoan Rouling eyaduma ngemva kokubhala amanoveli mayelana Harry Potter. Umfana elahlekile abazali bakhe esewusana, futhi ekhuliswe izihlobo zakhe omashiqela zithathwa. Uma Harry ifika imeyili incwadi nge isimemo lokuyofunda Hogwarts - isikole umlingo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umfana ethola ukuthi abazali bakhe kwakunguMariya nabathakathi, futhi ebunzini lakhe isibanda efika Lord Voldemort. Ngokushesha, Harry ihlangana black magician yena kanye onqobayo akhe amabili.

Kuze kube manje, 8 amafilimu esingu kuzo zonke izincwadi mayelana umfana sesibazi. Eyokuqala amanoveli amane afakwe ohlwini "izincwadi 100 best of sonke isikhathi" (BBC). Ngu-2004, Dzhoan Rouling ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni wesintu wenze amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu ngokubhala izincwadi, futhi engu-10 kamuva, wathatha indawo 13 kule simo abesifazane njengomuntu onethonya elikhulu kakhulu ezweni.

Yiziphi ezinye abalobi kukhona ohlwini "izincwadi 100 best of sonke isikhathi?"

Ngokwe-BBC, kule simo emhlabeni yobuciko etemibhalo ufanele ukuba 200 isebenza ikakhulukazi abalobi angaphandle. Lolu hlu uhlanganiswe engaphezu kweyishumi edlule ukuvota izilaleli. indawo Okokuqala wathola inoveli "iNkosi Izindandatho", ezimbili ezilandelayo - "Pride and Prejudice" futhi "Izinto yakhe Dark". Ukuphelelisa phezulu ezinhlanu zencwadi "Guide The Hitchhiker ukuze Galaxy" futhi "Harry Potter kanye Goblet yoMlilo." Phakathi kwabayishumi abaphasa ngamalengiso wangena kule noveli "Ukuze Kill a Mockingbird," "1984," "Wini Phu nazo zonke-konke-zonke," "The Lion, the Witch ne zabanye" futhi "Catch-22".

Umlobi Terry Pratchett wenza uhlu izikhathi 15, Zhaklin Uilson - 14, uRoald Dahl - 9, Charles Dickens - 7. Dzhoan Rouling wabuyela emuva kane Thomas Hardy; Stiven King - kathathu, Gabriel Garcia Marquez - kabili.

Of Russian abalobi American izakhamuzi ukubizwa Lva Tolstogo inoveli "Impi Nokuthula" (indawo 20) futhi "Anna Karenina" (indawo wama-54); Fedora Dostoevskogo futhi "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" (indawo 60) lakhe, UMikhail Bulgakov "Umninimuzi UMargarita" (130 th) kanye Vladimir Nabokov sika "Lolita" (178 th).

Eziyiqiniso

Sekuyisikhathi eside izakhamizi American wacabanga ngalokho Ubuciko uyakufanelekela ukuba izincwadi 100 phezulu sonke isikhathi. Uhlu bahlanganisa ikakhulu endabeni eqanjiwe, kodwa kukhona izincwadi ezimbili olunye uhlobo, okuqukethwe okufanele aziwa yilowo nalowo self-ukuhlonipha. IBhayibheli ithatha 41 endaweni th ku simo umagazini i-Newsweek. ImiBhalo lihlonishwa hhayi kuphela Kholwa Juda, kodwa futhi abameleli ezinye izinkolo. Ngubani owabhala incwadi kuthiwa wenziwa abalobi eziningana, owaphila phakathi ngekhulu le-15 BC kuya ekhulwini lokuqala kule nkulungwane entsha yeminyaka.

"Capital" noKarla Marksa oluthatha indawo 30. Le ncwadi ewusizo hhayi kuphela zezomnotho, kodwa futhi kwabanye abantu abafuna ukufunda izisekelo theory kwezomnotho. Umbhali ithuthukisa umqondo wokuthi dolobha kuyisisekelo umphakathi wanamuhla, futhi ngaphandle kuba ukuthuthukiswa engacabangeki.