Isamba samakhemitha ngamakhilomitha angu-1 wekhonkri. Ukwakhiwa kanye namamaki okukhonkolo

Ukwakhiwa cishe kwanoma yisiphi isakhiwo samanje asikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa, ngezinga elithile, lokhonkolo. Lokhu kuyinto ebonakalayo yonke futhi engabizi kakhulu, eyenza sikwazi ukukhiqiza izakhiwo ezinokwethenjelwa nezingapheli kwanoma yikuphi ukucushwa nokubunzima. Isetshenziselwa ukwakha izisekelo, izakhiwo ezisekelayo, ukufaka, izakhiwo zokwakha (udonga nesisekelo), ama-slabs, ama-curbs nezinhlobo ezincane zokwakha (ama-flowerpots, izimbali zezimbali, ama-stucco nama-sculptures). Ukukhonjwa kusetshenziselwa izakhiwo ezinjengezibhuku zokubhukuda, izikhumbi, izitebhisi njalonjalo.

Indlela yokukhetha usimende

I-sement yisisekelo soma yikuphi ukukhonjiswa. Kuyinto into ehlanganisa ingxube futhi inike amandla amandla okuklanywa noma umkhiqizo wesikhathi esizayo. Ngakanani amakhemitha angama-1 m3 wekhonkco adingekayo kuncike kwikhwalithi kanye nomkhiqizo wale nto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa khonkolo zidinga amandla ahlukene. Isibonelo, ukukhiqizwa kwezakhiwo ezisekelayo noma izisekelo, amandla okwandiswa alo mzimba ayadingeka. Kodwa ekwakhiweni kwezinhlobo ezincane ezihlukahlukene, njenge-paving slabs, ama-flowerpots, ama-curbs, amandla anjalo ayadingeki.

Indlela yokukhetha usimende olufanele futhi yini engingayibheka? Kunezinhlobo ezehlukene zesamente ezithengiswayo. Ikhwalithi kanye namandla okugcina kwemikhiqizo nezakhiwo zixhomeke kulo mkhiqizo. Ukuphakama umkhiqizo wesimenti, iphakamisa ikhwalithi, futhi, ngokufanayo, amandla. Imikhiqizo evamile kakhulu ethengiswa kunoma yimuphi umuzi yi- M300, M400 ne-M500. Ukuze ukhiqize izakhiwo ezidinga umthamo omkhulu ophethe umthwalo, ama-M400 kanye ne-M500 asetshenziswa. Kwezinye izimo, ungasebenzisa noma yikuphi.

Esinye isici esibalulekile esithinta ikhwalithi impilo yesikhalazo. Umkhiqizo owedlule ulahlekelwa ikhono lokubopha futhi uphawu linciphile. Futhi kufanele uqaphele isimo samamente ngokwawo. Kufanele kube ngukuthi. Ukutholakala kwezibani kungabonisa ukwephulwa kwezimo zokugcina. Ngokuyinhloko kungumswakama ophezulu. Le samenti ayikhuthazwa.

Izici zokuzikhethela izingxenye

Noma yikuphi ukukhonjwa okuqukethe izingxenye eziningana:

• I-Cement.
• Sand.
• Itshe elichotshoziwe.
• Amanzi.
• Izithasiselo.

Isandla kanye negravel zengezwe engxenyeni ukuze zenze ishibhile futhi zinike amandla. Ukuthembeka kwemikhiqizo yesikhathi esizayo kuxhomeke kwikhwalithi yalezi zingxenye. Awuvumeli ukungabi khona kobungcweti obumba, umhlabathi noma umhlabathi. Kuye ngohlobo lomsebenzi, itshe elichotshoziwe lingasetshenziswa nge-fraction kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-7-8 cm. Ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ezincane zokwakha, izakhiwo zokwakha kanye nama-slabs, amajebula amahle wegrivel, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa (0.1-1 cm), kuvame ukusetshenziswa.

Amanzi asetshenziselwa ingxube kumele ahlanzeke futhi akhululeke kokungcola kobumba. Ukuqukethwe okwandisiwe kwamaminerali emanzini kungabangela ukubonakala kwamathambo amhlophe phezu kokukhonkolo ngemuva kokwelapha.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo ezikhethekile akugunyazi. Noma kunjalo, akufanele bahoxiswe ekwakhiweni kokuhlanganiswa kokukhonkolo. Bavumela ukuthuthukisa ezinye izici zekhonkrithi:

• Ukwandiswa kwamaqhwa okuvuthayo futhi kuvumela umsebenzi ekushiseni okungaphansi kwamanzi (amanzi awakhulumi).
• Ukuqinisa amandla ngaphambi nangemva kanzima.
• Ukwenza ngcono i-plasticity yenhlanganisela nokuvimbela ukutholakala kwezinsizakalo ezincane;
• Futhi okuningi okuningi.

Isicelo samamenti

Kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwesimali, ubungakanani nekhwalithi yokugcwalisa izithako nezithasiselo, amamaki ahlukene okukhonkolo angatholakala. Ukuqokwa kwamamaki okukhonkolo kufana nesimo esasetshenziselwa usimende. Kodwa ngokungezwa kwezingxenye, uphawu lwe-samente ngokuvamile luyancishiswa. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka kumakhemali М400 kungenzeka ukuthola amamaki wokhonkolo М350 , М300, М250, М200 М150, njalonjalo.

Ngakho-ke, ukwenziwa kwekhonkri ukuhlanganiswa okufanako kwazo zonke izithako ngokulingana okulungile. Kuncike kulokhu, kuhlanganiswa izixube zamandla aphakeme ezisekelo, izakhiwo ezithwala ukulayisha, izansi kanye nezingxube ezincane ezakhiweni ezingadingi amandla okwandisa. Ngakho-ke, ukuze unqume ukuthi yikuphi uhlobo lokhonkolo oludingekayo, kubalulekile ukwazi injongo yalo.

Isisekelo sisebenza

Mayelana nokuthi amakhemitha angakanani ngamakhilomitha angu-1 ekhonkisthi esisekelo kufanele adiswe, sizoqhubeka. Lapha sibheka izici zemisebenzi yesisekelo. Ukuze ukwakhiwa kwezisekelo nezakhiwo ezisekelayo sebenzisa ukhonkolo olungaphansi kwebanga le-M200, kuye ngokuklama kwesikhathi esizayo, isisindo sayo kanye nezici. Izakhiwo ezinzima kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukhonkolo ongaphansi kweM300.

Kuye ngezici zomhlabathi kanye nesakhiwo sakhiwo esizayo, izinhlobo ezintathu eziyisisekelo zezisekelo ziyahlukaniswa:

• I-monolithic slab.
• Ithebula.
• Ikholomu.

Ukukhiqizwa kokhonkolo kuzo zonke izinhlobo kuyafana. Futhi inani lentengo ngayinye ye-1 m3 yokukhonkolo ngesisekelo akuxhomeke kulohlobo lwayo.

Ukuthengwa kokhonkolo okuxubile okulungiselelwe

Uma kuthathwa isinqumo sokuthenga ukhonkolo wokuxuba, asikho isidingo sokwazi ukuthi ingakanani imitha ngayinye yokukhonta okufanele ithathe. Ihlala nje kuphela ukubala inombolo edingekayo yam cubes nokuhleleka. Cishe wonke amadolobha anezinkampani eziningi ezihilelekile ekuthengiseni nasekukhiqizeni lala macebo. Kodwa ingakanani i-cube yokhonkolo? Ngokwesilinganiso, intengo yokuxuba okulungiselelwe ihluka kusuka kuma-ruble angu-3000 kuya ku-5000. Izindleko, ngokujwayelekile, zixhomeke kuhlobo lokhonkolo. Futhi ukuze uphendule ngokunembile umbuzo mayelana nokuthi ungakanani i-cube yezindleko zokukhonkolo, udinga ukwazi amanani esifundeni sakho.

Uma uthenga, kufanele unake izinga lexube. Umthengisi kumele abe nezitifiketi eziqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukhonkolo oluphezulu. IGOST kumele ichazwe futhi.

Ingxube eyenziwe ngokwakhe

Ukuzilungiselela ukukhonta akuyona inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngalokhu kuzobhekana nomuntu ongenayo imfundo yokwakha. Into esemqoka ukugcina ngokucophelela ukulingana nokulandela izincomo. Njengoba kunemfucumfucu engxenyeni, kunengqondo ukuyivuselela ngesandla. Lokhu kungcono ukusebenzisa i-mixer yekhonkritha. Kuyinto engabizi kakhulu, kodwa izosindisa isikhathi esiningi nomzamo.

Ngakho, ukwakhiwa kwamaphasethi okukhonkolo ngezigaba eziningana:

• Okokuqala, amanzi athululelwa.
• Khona-ke itshe elichotshoziwe liyathululelwa.
• Emva kwalokho, engeza isamisi nesihlabathi.

Ungenza uguqe "esomile". Ukulandelana okufanayo, kuphela amanzi okungeziwe kokugcina. Ungahlanganisi isinamende ngamanzi ngaphambi kokwengeza izitshalo, ngoba isimende singabamba ndawonye.

Ukuze uhlanza umxube kusukela emanzini enhlanganisela ngemuva kokuphela komsebenzi, uthele amanzi bese ubheka inani elincane lokugubha futhi uvuselele okwesikhashana. Ngemuva kwalokho, konke kuhlangene.

Ukubalwa kwezingxenye zekhonkri

Ungakhetha kanjani ukhonkolo eliphezulu? I-GOST ivumela ukucacisa ukuvumelanisa komkhiqizo kwimingcele enikeziwe yamandla, ukumelana nesithwathwa, ukuphefumula komoya kanye nabanye. Kodwa ungayifinyelela kanjani ikhwalithi futhi uthole uphawu olulungile lokuxuba okwenziwe khonikhi? Okokuqala, kuxhomeke kwikhwalithi yezithako ezisetshenzisiwe nokuthi isamente esetshenziswa kangakanani ku-1 m3 yokhonkolo.

Kuye ngokuthi yiluphi uhlobo izidingo zekhonkrit, ukusetshenziswa kwezixhobo kuyahlukahluka. Ngakho-ke, sithola isamba esilandelayo samamenti ngalunye i-m3 yekhonkri:

• Ukhonkolo M200 - 250 kg we-samente M400.
• Ukwakhiwa kwe-M200 - 220 kg we-samente M500.
• Ukhonkolo M250 - 300 kg we-samente M400.
• Ukhonkolo M250 - 250 kg we-samente M400.
• Ukwakhiwa kukaM300 - 350 kg we-samente M400.
• Ukwakhiwa kukaM300 - 300 kg we-samente M500.
• Ukhonkolo lwe-M400 - 400 kg we-samente M400.
• Ukhonkolo M400 - 330 kg we-samente M400.

Iziphetho

Okukhethwa okulula futhi okuncane kunzima ukuthenga ukhonkolo okulungiselelwe okulungiselelwe. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo udinga ukuxhumana namafemu athembekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukubheka ubufakazi bekhasimende kanye nokuthi inkampani isebenza kangakanani kule makethe. Noma iyiphi inkampani ehloniphayo idumisa idumela layo futhi inikeza imikhiqizo yekhwalithi.

Ukuzikhiqiza kwekhonkritha kuthatha isikhathi esiningi, futhi kwenziwa umzamo omkhulu ekwenzeni ingxube. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukuyala izigcwalisi ezidingekayo futhi uthenge izithasiselo. Kodwa lokhu kukhethwa ngokweqile. Ukwengeza, usebenzisa izingxenye ezifanele, ungaqiniseka ngomphumela.