Isakhiwo sikahulumeni

State (yomphakathi kazwelonke) kudivayisi kuyinto amazwe isakhiwo ngokomthetho yangaphakathi ngesimo esingokomthetho zayo abamelwe. Lo mqondo ibonisa izici ezithile nobuhlobo babo kuhulumeni kanye nomunye.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu oyinhloko Sakhiwo sangekhatsi: ebumbeneko, confederal nesakhiwo sikahulumeni isimo.

Uhlobo yokugcina libhekene njengoba wabantu abahlangene ngokuzithandela, amazwe ukuthi abe ukuzimela ezithile. idivayisi uxhumano isimo inyunyana Kwenziwa okusekelwe kule nkontileka federated. Izifundo lichaza ekwakheni isakhiwo wathi kungase kube kokubili izinkampani zikahulumeni kanye amazwe ezimele. kudivayisi Federal eqala, njengoba umthetho, ubudlelwane alinganayo nezinhlangano of lo mfelandawonye. Ngenxa yalesi sici sakhiwo khona izindawo ezikhathazayo futhi ezivamile, uhulumeni, isakhamuzi, isabelomali, nezinye imithethosisekelo. izikhonzi Okuthakazelisayo chamber ePhalamende.

I federal isakhiwo WaseRussia, fixed kwezinkambiso soMthethosisekelo kanye neminye imithetho futhi kuhlanganisa isakhiwo zezombusazwe ka ngabantu nezizwe ngesisekelo yabo lokuzibusa ngandlela kwesinye isifunda. isakhiwo yezwe inohlelo eyinkimbinkimbi. Lalihlanganisa nje ngokwakheka federal kodwa ebumbeneko kanye ezizimele. Njengengxenye isimo Russian izindawo ezizimele, izindawo, izifunda (kuhlanganise ewodwa), amadolobha federal, i-republic.

Phakathi izisekelo lomthethosisekelo isakhiwo Federative Russia kuyinto angawodwa:

- ukuhlanganisa nokusatshalaliswa yonkana sovereignty of ezweni;

- ubukhulu imithetho kahulumeni kanye noMthethosisekelo kuyo yonke insimu;

- isithunzi sendawo futhi ubuqotho ezweni;

- umahluko e amandla okusetshenzelwa izinhlangano kanye zikahulumeni;

- sokuzinqumela amalungelo alinganayo abantu;

- Amalungelo Alinganayo Nokuhlonipha ubunye lobuzwe.

Lezi kanye nezinye izinhlinzeko ukuhlaziywa kwesahluko sokuqala soMthethosisekelo uhulumeni waseRussia ukuqinisekisa ukulawulwa izinkinga ku isakhiwo isimo, kukhona izakhi abamelwe izisekelo umbuso Russian. Ukushintsha la malungiselelo kungaba kwenziwe kuphela kuMthethosisekelo.

kudivayisi Federal enezinto eziningi izimiso:

1. A abahlangene ngokuzithandela kanye nabantu nezizwe. Mayelana imvelo yokuzithandela ubufakazi endaweni yokuqala, inqubo Ukwamukelwa koMthethosisekelo ngevoti ethandwa yibo bonke izifundo ngo-1993.
2. Amalungelo Alinganayo Nokuhlonipha ubukhosi izizwe. Ingqikithi isimiso itholakala ukuqashelwa kwelungelo inkosi ngabantu nezizwe ukuba khulula lokuzibusa yefomu zezombusazwe ukhona.
3. Federalism ngokuhlanganyela ukuzimela futhi Unitarianism. Samuntu ezihlukahlukene state ngenxa yesimo sezizwe ezihlukahlukene zezwe futhi endleleni yayo eziyinkimbinkimbi zomlando.
4. National indawo isimiso izakhiwo isimo kumiswa ahleleka eziyinkimbinkimbi ne izifundo indawo isimiso.
5. ubuqotho State. Kuvele isiqinisekiso esibalulekile wezomthetho kulondolozwe ubuqotho isimo - ukungabi khona ilungelo ukuba bahoxe ekungeneleni Izikhonzi Russian Federation. UMthethosisekelo siphinde sihlinzekele nezinhlelo ezihlanganisa nezinye amazinga anikeza isiqinisekiso esesikhulume ngazo.
6. Umgomo we nokulingana izikhonzi Federation liyaqhubeka washayelwa isimiso - ukulingana sovereignty of izizwe. Ngokusho abanye abalobi, ahlaziye essence yayo, izihloko ungenawo amalungelo ngokuphelele alinganayo, ngenxa umehluko ku izinhlobo wekuba sive.