IRed Encwadi yaseTyumen: izitshalo, izilwane, izinyoni

YaseTyumen kuyingxenye Western eSiberia. izimo zayo zemvelo abasakwazi okwedlulele, kodwa izimila nezilwane unothile kakhulu. A umnikelo ezinkulu nokongiwa wenza Red Encwadi yaseTyumen.

Okuncane endaweni

Tyumen Region kuyingxenye Urals Federal District futhi kungokwalabo esifundeni Western eSiberia. Kanye izifunda ezizimele ke ayesuka imingcele eseningizimu yaleli zwe ukuba ogwini-Arctic Ocean. Umncele Arkhangelsk, Kurgan, Omsk, Sverdlovsk District, Komi, Krasnoyarsk esifundeni naseKazakhstan.

Isifunda lesithathu endaweni ngobukhulu (1.4 sq. M. Km). bakhona abantu abayizigidi ezingu-3.6. Ukuphathwa yaseTyumen iseningizimu umuzi omkhulu - Tyumen, okuyinto iba idolobha lokuqala Russian eSiberia ngo 1586.

Ngaphambi kwalokho, kule ndawo kwakuhlala eyayihlala Mansi, Khanty, Selkup, Nenets noma Samoyeds, nezizwe Turkic wathatha ijamo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi eqenjini ngokobuhlanga laseSiberia AmaTatar. Kusukela ngekhulu lesi-XIV, nsimu ingxenye Tyumen Region, bese le laseSiberia Khanate. Ngo 1582 abathengisi Ural ngu Cossacks waqasha yanqoba la mazwe, ukushayisa lo Khanate. Okwamanje wonkana - Russian.

Manje emkhakheni ekuthuthukiseni amandla kagesi umkhakha, imboni fuel, imiqulu okuyinto lifaka lokuqala eRussia. ezamahlathi Olwenziwe, ugodo sitoko angaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane cubic metres. Kwezolimo, kusetshenzwe-3% kuphela ezweni.

Imvelo kanye Geography

Ukuze lingakanani esifundeni kuyinto yesibili kuphela Krasnoyarsk esifundeni kanye Yakutia. Isifunda itholakala ngaphakathi emathafeni, ehlane arctic, ihlathi emathafeni, ehlathini, ihlathi namahlathi okuxubile. Angaphezu kuka 90% endaweni kubhekwe ukuba eNyakatho Ekude.

izimo zemvelo kanye sezulu elibuhlungu lapha. isikhathi frost e amaphuzu ezahlukene esifundeni zokhahlamba kusuka ezinsukwini 140 200. Isilinganiso Januwari lokushisa zokhahlamba kusuka - 16 kuya - 26 ^C. Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa isilinganiso igcinwe ngezithuba cishe 19 degrees.

Indawo emathafeni ikakhulukazi flat. Ehlathini emahlathini okuningi njenga ndawo. Ezingxenyeni ezingaphakathi eseningizimu endaweni moorland izimila ihlathi-asemaqeleni. Ubunjalo yaseTyumen kuyinto ezilapho, naphezu kwezimo ezimbi.

Isifunda elinemifudlana yamanzi engaphezu kuka-70 eziyinkulungwane, emantini mayelana amachibi efanayo. Ubude ingqikithi yamanzi --10 amakhilomitha. Imifula ezinkulu Irtysh, Tobol, Ishish. Ziyakwazi amadamu akhiwe nemishini ephehla ugesi ngamanzi. Engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli ezivamile okunosawoti maphakathi nezwe nasemachibini ingxenye enkabeni nasenyakatho - marsh futhi thermokarst.

IRed Encwadi yaseTyumen

Uhlu olugcwele ezisengcupheni, ezisengcupheni kanye ezingavamile izilwane, izitshalo kanye isikhunta ezisohlwini Red Encwadi esifundeni. Tyumen Region Administration ayeyale indalo yayo emuva ngo-1999. Ibuyekeza nokukhulula reissues izincwadi, iziphathimandla zendawo ziyadingeka cishe njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu.

IRed Encwadi yaseTyumen kuhlanganisa 711 zinhlobo, abangaphezu kuka-250 zezitshalo isikhunta ulele. Siqukethe eziyisithupha (kuhlanganise zero) izigaba eziyinhloko, kuye ngezinga yezinto eziphilayo. Ngakho, isigaba sesihlanu (V) kusho zilwane ogama inombolo kuyehla futhi ayidingi isinyathelo eyengeziwe ngumuntu.

Ngesigaba IV kukhona izinhlobo zolwazi kuhlanganise labantu akukho noma kancane kakhulu. Isigaba sesithathu sihlanganisa zezinyoni ezingavamile futhi ehunyushelwe noma sendawo, kwesibili - ukunciphisa, ukuba ngowokuqala - ezisengozini. Zero liqukethe ulwazi mayelana zilwane kungenzeka yokuqothulwa ka flora nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, futhi ulwazi ngawo akuyona ezingaphezu kuka kwamashumi amahlanu.

ezincelisayo

Izilwane iRed Encwadi yaseTyumen kungukuthi okwethulwa uhlu eyodwa, futhi zihlukaniswe nezigatshana, kuye ngokuthi hlobo yayo, ekilasini, noma iqembu. efakwe ohlwini ulwandle hare (III isigaba) phakathi ezincelisayo - lwezimpawu ummeleli. Factor nokukhawulela ukusakazeka kwalo, kanye nezinye izilwane, ukusilaphazeka komoya, ngezinhlamvu zezibhamu zokuzingela.

izinyoni ezingavamile: hare European, jerboa omkhulu, Korsak, polar bear, reindeer. Isibalo Jungar hamster nasenyakatho pikas siyahluka kakhulu futhi incike izimo sezulu - nezikhathi wesigagadu, imvula, isithwathwa.

Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho nokuntula kwezinsiza zokusebenza ukudla, ukunciphisa inani walruses, narwhals enyakatho ukuthi singabakaNkulunkulu esigabeni II. Kungenxa yezizathu ezifanayo nezethu, umkhoma bowhead, abahlala Sea Kara, kuyinto izilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Ukunyamalala ebusweni futhi mink European, okuyinto ngenkuthalo displaces mink American.

Fish, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni, eyisinambuzane

Red Incwadi amanothi yaseTyumen 10 zezinhlanzi kanye cyclostomes, 7 kwezilwane eziphila ezweni nezilwane eziphila ezweni, ngaphezulu eyisinambuzane angaphezu kwangu-100. azifele ziye zathinta kuphela ngenani bullhead, inhlanzi kanye nabanye cyclostomes (trout, salmon ezimhlophe, Sturgeon laseSiberia nokunye. D.) Ingabe yayifa ngoba izinto ezenziwa abantu.

Phakathi kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo nezilwane eziphila ezweni ezibhekwa ezingavamile legless isibankwa Anguis fragilis, futhi, kanye frog ezivamile. Lesi sakamuva waziwa okunephunga abukhali garlic. intulo eSiberia futhi Newt kusengozini, edinga ukunakekelwa izinhlobo, izinyoka bushelelezi futhi utshani frog ngokushesha zishabalala kulesi izinombolo.

Uhlu eyisinambuzane weNcwadi Red mkhulu. izinyoni ezingavamile kukhona eningizimu Tarantulas Russian - Izicabucabu ngobukhulu kulesi sifunda. Futhi kulesi sigaba avele ezinye ojekamanzi, entabeni cicadas, mabhungane, mabhungane eside esinezimpondo, weevils, uhlobo zikamanqulwane, okuyizinto izindawo nambili. Grassy round barbel kubhekwa ezisengcupheni.

izinyoni

Izinyoni yaseTyumen, ohlwini ezisengozini, ababebalelwa 117 zilwane. Angu-74 zinhlobo adinga ukuqapha njalo phezu ingxenye umuntu, ngoba kuyizinto ezingavamile futhi abasengozini. Phakathi kwalezi uhlobo petrel ngokuthi uyisithutha, duck shelduck, eSiberia futhi eider ezivamile, griffon nenqe, krechanka, moorhen. Lezi zinyoni ahlelwe esithasiselweni yencwadi.

Ikhasi main kunikeza ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana ngamunye, zazo zikhona 43. I ezisengozini Savka, inyoka ukhozi, Cranes, eSiberia Cranes. Phakathi ezingavamile futhi zishabalala kulesi eziningana zezinto eziphilayo avele isikhova lwaseDalmatia nevuba, flamingo, ukhozi enkulu nezimanakanaka, nefukezi Bewick sika, nengqungqulu.

Umkhuba ngase labantu yokutakula ebonwe dada isimungulu nomphishamanzi. izinto eziphilayo ezibhekwa bustard, kestrel elincane, itshe Curlew ne-bustard kancane.

izitshalo

zinhlobo engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili izitshalo elungisa Red Encwadi yaseTyumen. Izitshalo zihlukaniswe angiosperms, Izinhlobo, bryophytes futhi plaunoobraznye. Phakathi angiosperms ezingavamile futhi zishabalala kulesi izinombolo ezinye izinhlobo anyanisi (alengayo, emihle ekubambisaneni), ama-sedge (okuxekethile, sezintaba, ugu), Rhynchospora alba. Russian ubalekela iris, i-marsh nokalamusi.

Phakathi Izinhlobo zinyamalale nomkhonto emise lanceolate moonwort mnogoryadnik. Lezi zilwane asele ezingajwayelekile noma ngenkuthalo kwehliswa inani. Ngokwesibonelo, Alpine Woods, futhi abanye colutea Dryopteris. Phakathi moss futhi moss, edinga ukunakekela kukhona Baranez, likopodiella, enkalipta, Meese.

Isici nokukhawulela izitshalo eziningi zezimayini. Ukuqhumisa imisebenzi ezimayini okuyoholela ekubhujisweni kwendawo yazo yemvelo. Uyahlupheka, isibonelo, skrytokuchnitsa abacaphuni, Kosten oluhlaza, esisogwini limestone nemithambeka.

Fungus kanye ulele

Inani isikhunta futhi ulele encwadini - ngamatshumi amathathu. Kusukela isikhunta ezidliwayo kungenziwa ngokuthi ezimhlophe Boletus ubukhulu ngezinye izikhathi ifinyelela cap yayo 25 amasentimitha. Sikhula ezindaweni shady zikaphayini futhi aspen amahlathi. Ezixakile caninus mutinus edliwayo kuphela uma igobolondo amaqanda.

Kubhekwe lacquered ezingavamile futhi grey-yellow Polypore, wazizwa onniya, datroniya, abortipus biennial, hericium coralloides. A ezingavamile cortinarius onsomi futhi kubhekwe ezidliwayo. Ngaphezu yaseTyumen, it is atholakala Territories Primorsky futhi Krasnoyarsk.

Phakathi ulele eziyivelakancane asahineya Scholander, omfalina Hudson, efakwe ohlwini e Red Book of Russia. Imbangela yokuqothulwa yabo buya umsebenzi kwezomnotho kanye izivakashi lomuntu. Ukuze angaphinde wamaphaphu Lobar nokukhawulela isici komoya.

Ukuvikelwa esishintshashintshayo

Okubekiwe futhi alondoloza ka yaseTyumen amiselwe ukuvikelwa kwezitshalo nezilwane ngobuningi, futhi ukulondoloza namathafa ecebile yezinto zemvelo. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke iziqiwu esifundeni kukhona Kunyaksky, Vikulov futhi Tyumen.

inqolobane Ubude e ukubaluleka zesifunda ezimbili yombuso kanye 95. Ngo Ugra futhi Yamal endaweni has ezindaweni ezine ezivikelekile - Upper taz, Yugansky, "Malaya Sosva" egicna imvelo kanye Gyda.

Upper taz Reserve itholakala emithambekeni amagquma kuze kube amamitha 50 ukuphakama. On indawo eminingi yayo emfuleni izigodi nemihosha ukuthi saba indawo ekahle ukuphila kwezilwane ezingavamile futhi izitshalo. Kuyinto ekhaya kuya ezingavamile laseSiberia intulo, isibankwa, enesihlungu, Wolverine, amaphiva, sikhule kwemisedari, sonwele larch.