Invention - ucezu ekhethekile umculo. Kuyini ngokucacile yayo

Invention - Lokhu icebo. Latin, isiRashiya, isiNgisi, isiNtaliyane, isi-French futhi eziningi nezinye izilimi ukunikeza ukuhumusha ocacile ngokuphelele izwi - i "okusungulile". Kodwa kungashiwo kwanoma yimuphi umsebenzi yobuciko, ozalwa umcabango umsunguli walo.

Yini Invention e umculo

Mayelana ucezu umculo kugcizelelwa ukukhalipha Special, okukhanyisa elikhazimulayo umqambi ekutholeni ezihlukahlukene ongakhetha yokuthuthukisa intertwining izindikimba namazwi.

Ngokokulandisa, okusunguliwe - ukudlala, okuyinto sinezici obucace kakhulu. Okokuqala sikhuluma ucezu polyphonic, okungukuthi, Polyphony. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile umsebenzi upiyano. Kodwa upiyano akuyona ngokuvamile ukudlala amanothi olulodwa, khona-ke konke kulotshelwe upiyano, ungabiza Polyphony?

Cha imisebenzi Iningi polyphonic textured amazwi akwenele. Kukhona ngokucacile Ihubo liyabonakala, futhi kukhona amazwi ezihambisana naso. Bona bangabezwe; kubaluleke kancane futhi ngokuvamile kubhekiselwa kuzo 'njengamadoda ihambisana "noma" ukwesekwa ".

Isici esiyinhloko incwadi polyphonic

sici Polyphony usendaweni yokuqala iwukuthi akukho elikulesi sihloko invoyisi imigqa. Onke amavoti kukhona ihubo, zonke ezinkulu okulingana. Gcina umbhalo walokho buviyoviyo ekhululekile futhi ukuhambisana ngamunye wabo ukuba umculi kuyinto umsebenzi onzima.

Yingakho uhlobo Polyphony kuzo zonke izigaba yokufunda umculo (futhi cishe yonke imincintiswano) kuyingxenye edingekayo zohlelo ingxenye umculi.

I Kungashiwo okufanayo ngenkinga umqambi - ukudala isiqephu polyphonic kunzima, kudinga eningi lokucabanga nelokusungula.

Kuye mode zokubukwa kudlala ezinjalo zingase zibe namagama ahlukahlukene: Fugue, uhlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli, mbumbulu, thini noma trohgolosnaya Invention nokunye.

Phakathi imisebenzi lolu hlobo iyona version zakudala Fugue futhi Invention angabhekwa njengendlela material ukuqeqeshwa ukulungiswa ukuze abulawe yayo abanekhono.

30 Inventions Ioganna Sebastyana Bach

Nge le njongo, uJesu oyisibonelo esikhulu kunazo umqambi German kwekhulu le-17 Iogann Sebastyan Bah wadala yakhe okungenakufa ababili Ingxenye Inventions 15 futhi inani elifanayo amazwi ezintathu, ukushaya umculo wezinsimbi zokugcina.

Esanduleleni Inventions yakhe Bach wabhala ukuthi lo mhlahlandlela, wabonisa indlela yokubhekana asigcini nje ngokulalela okushiwoyo ezimbili, kodwa inqubo ngcono, futhi abathathu baphoqwe (yangasese) amazwi kanyekanye ukufunda "ezisunguliwe ezinhle nokuthuthukiswa kwazo." Izinkinga main egqanyisiwe ezimbili: "ukufeza ngendlela cantabile ukudlala futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uzithande kwengoma."

ubukhulu obungenakulinganiswa Bach wukuthi ukuze ubhale umsebenzi elula abafundi, wadala izidalwa owasinda ekhulwini, awalulahlanga amandla nethonya ezingokomoya nabantu namuhla.

Okusho izingcezu polyphonic ekuthuthukiseni ukunambitheka

Ingxenye Inventions by Bach zilotshwé ngokuba clavichord, ngoba kuphela kuleli yensimbi empeleni "ukwenza ngendlela emnandi," umdlalo, ocebile ngemibala iphimbo. Nokho, upiyano yesimanje ivumela ukuba uqaphele lo mgomo.

Mhlawumbe umqambi abaphefumulelwe babengayazi ngezinga elingakanani akwazi ukufeza isifiso sakhe ukuze udlulisele ukunambitheka kuya izingoma.

umculi Modern, ngokuvamile inani ezincane yolwazi e amasu compositional kunangesikhathi okwaqhutshwa phakathi nesikhathi Bach, has a ukuqonda enkulu kakhulu umehluko phakathi kweqiniso nokwamanga kwezobuciko zomculo.

Noma ubani oye wacwaninga ebuntwaneni (ngisho athutha) okungenani 1-2 Ingxenye Inventions by Bach, ngikwazi ukusula inkolelo yokungafi izwi-ehola kwesokudla. Ngamunye ucezu umculo uyokwenza ngokomzwelo wemvelo bheka ngokwakho nokuthuthukisa umugqa namanothi futhi abone ukungabi yabo njengoba ethile.

Invention - ucezu umculo, setha isikali ukunquma ubuqiniso kwezobuciko.

Ezivelele umhumushi Inventions

Ekhuluma Invention Kungaba ngokungafanele ingasaphathwa igama edume wopiyano Canadian Glenn Gould. Kwenzeka isimanga ngoba kwaba Ingxenye Inventions by Bach nendima enkulu e ukuzalwa kwaso njengoba umculi, futhi kwenzeka eRussia.

Ngo-May 1957, kwafika eMoscow ke engaziwa wopiyano abasha bevela eCanada. Kwaba uhambo lwakhe lokuqala. Ezimbili futhi trohgolosnye Bach Inventions - konke likhona uhlelo ekhonsathini. Ticket eHholo we Conservatory angizisoli 1 ruble, izethameli babe ngu-30.

Emva ekhonsathini, kuthathe amaminithi ambalwa nje kuphela - kanye nezethameli sobala ukuthi zikhona lapho kuzalwa isimangaliso. esikhundleni salokho, abantu baphuma egumbini ukubiza abangane ngalokho okwenzekayo.

Igatsha yesibili iqala nge ukubambezeleka imizuzu 40 - izethameli bagcwala ehholo. Ngemva eMoscow, kwaba khona ekhonsathini eLeningrad, lapho i-Gould waya ingxenye izilaleli eMoscow.

Ngemva kwalezi amakhonsathi wopiyano Canadian baqhubeka babuka eYurophu, lapho ahlangana khona efana inkanyezi entsha ngayo, amahholo nasutha. Kuze incazelo namuhla guldovskaya Inventions kubhekwe imodeli akunakuqhathaniswa.

Invention - lena akuyona sici okukhethekile Bach, ifomu polyphonic esetshenziswa phambi kwakhe. Phakathi kwalabo wabhala Inventions namuhla, angabizwa ngokuthi amagama ka bomculo abadumile S. Gubaidulina, R. K. Schedrin, B. I. Tischenko. Nge zonke ithalente lomculo wabo namanje ayikwazi ancintisane "umthombo oyinhloko". Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa esikalini ezahlukene.